人教版高中英语 必修一 Unit 4 期末复习 习题教学课件PPT中学公开课

高中英语·必修一·人教版
Unit4Natural Disasters
写作拓展训练
单元写作
一、 常用表达
概要写作(summary writing)要求考生"基于提供的一篇350词以内的短文,写一篇60词左右的内容概要",常见的有记叙文、 说明文和议论文。

(一)写作步骤:
1.提取主题句。

文章的主题句一般在段首,有的在段尾; 如果没有主题句需要自己提取。

2.提取关键词。

关键词是陈述主体,是体现话题的实词,一般为名词、 形容词。

如果一个词在文本中出现 比较频繁,那么这个词就有可能成为文章的关键词。

3.提取次要点。

次要点是段落中引入主题的信息,次要点并不等同于细节信息,它的存在是基于对主要点 的补充,使其得以完整。

4.转换表达方式。

主要形式:改变词序,转换词性,同义词替换,反义表达,改变句子结构。

(二)不同体裁的写作方法
1.记叙文
( 1) 对记叙文进行概括时,要抓住原文中人物、 事件、 结果三大要素。

有些记叙文的尾部有一个点题句,表 达深刻内涵或故事给人们的启迪,在写摘要时也需要把故事寓意表达出来。

(2)常用开头语:
①The writer mainly tells us...
②The author shares his experiences ...
③From the passage, we know that ...
④In the passage,...
2.说明文
( 1)此类文章通常会有中心句(多在首段),写作时要注意找出中心句,抓住关键词,然后重组文章的信息,用自 己的话表达出来。

(2)常用开头语:
①According to the passage, we can know...
②This passage is mainly about...
③In the passage, the author mainly tells us...
④The purpose of the report is to show...
3.议论文
( 1)对于议论文文体的阅读材料,同学们应抓住议论文的文体特点。

议论文的结构有"总分"、 "总分总"、 "分总"或"并列"等形式。

文章的三要素:论点、 论证、 论据,其中论点是最重要的,因此同学们要准确把握文章的论点。

(2)常用开头语:
①The author argues that...
②The passage/author stresses the importance/value of...
③The passage discusses the impact of...
④The passage/author compares...with..
二、概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing the campus by yourself.It seems a little crazy for senior high school students to find the time to visit college campuses.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact,a lot of college applications even ask ifyou have visited the campus. If you live nearby, go there and check it out!
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache ifyou know the things that you don't like about certain campuses.
Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.
It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers(招生部主任), students, and college advisers, and it won't cost you a penny!You can register for its online college fair at .Visiting an online college fair can be a very useful tool that will help you decide which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
步骤一:跳读文章,找主旨。

第一段: It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply.
第二段: There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.
第三段:At the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
第四段: Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.
步骤二:去枝叶,留主干。

1.visit colleges before you apply
2.visit the schools in your local area
3.find time to visit the schools you'd like to attend
4.check out the online college fairs
步骤三:尊重原文主旨,变化表达方式。

1.It's really worthwhile for students to visit colleges personally before they apply to them.
2.Students should pay a visit to colleges which are in their local area.
3.They should visit the schools and figure out their real conditions in advance.
4.These students who are short of money and time can visit online college fairs to help themselves better understand schools.
步骤四:增加衔接词语,连句成文。

二、概要写作
【范文赏读】
It's really worthwhile for students to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before they apply. (要点1) Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges. (要点2) At least, they should visit the schools and figure out their real conditions in advance before attending them. (要点3) For students who are short of money and time, visiting online college fairs is also a good way to help them better understand schools.(要点4)
综合写作
一、 书面表达
假定你是李华,你正在为你校校园网招聘英语编辑,你校留学生Leo来信表示对该职位感兴趣,请给他回信, 告诉他该职位的相关要求。

内容要点如下:
1.写信目的;
2.职位要求;
3.报名方式。

注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考词汇:简历 resume
一、 书面表达
【范文赏读】
Dear Leo,
Learning that you are interested in being an English editor of our school website,I'm writing to tell you some information about it.
①Firstly, it is a must for the applicants to be expert in English writing. ②Secondly, people who not only care about current affairs but also take great interest in journalism are very welcomed.By the way,you'd better send your resume before May 20 to me ifyou want to be one of us.
If you have any other questions, don't forget to drop me a line.
Yours,
Li Hua 【一句多译】
① First of all, it is necessary that the applicants should be good at writing in English.
②Second,we warmly welcome those who keep up with current affairs and have great interest in journalism.
二、概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

In schools and at home,most of us have been scolded or even got punished for daydreaming.Most of people say that by daydreaming we waste our time and energy on something that is nothing less than unproductive things.But many medical studies have showed something different.They've stressed the fact that daydreaming works wonders on our imagination power, creativity and situation-handling technique.In fact,many problems can be easily solved if we daydream.
The greatest benefit of daydreaming is that your mood gets the right improvement.By separating yourself from the world around you,you tend to enjoy the aloneness in your mind and get peace from daydreaming as you think about something that calms your senses .When you start imagining things or while daydreaming,you tend to forget all the stress and tension . Instead,you get happiness from it and this happiness changes into a source of energy that helps you in working in a good mood.
Many psychologists have said that people who daydream tend to have a sharper memory.It's true that when you're daydreaming,you tend to get carried away to imagine various situations,either real or unreal.You tend to act differently in different situations,trying to satisfy your mind by doing what you want in your dreams.When your mind gets satisfied,you're in a better position to concentrate more on your work.Since daydreaming activates(激活)the nerves of your brain,you tend to pay more attention and your ability to remember things develops.
When you daydream,you automatically imagine yourself as your heart says and therefore,you get to know yourself better. You also start realizing the mistakes you've made in life and you start trying your best to avoid repeating them.Such imagination techniques help you to connect yourself with your soul.
二、概要写作
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。

空想在大多数人看来是浪费时间和精力的事,但是许多医学研究表明,空想有很多好处。

【写作思路】 文章主要介绍的是空想的好处,层次清晰,易于把握。

原文使用的是总分结构。

内容要点如下:
1.第一段总领全文,指出医学研究发现空想有很多好处;
2.第二段说明空想可改善人们的心情;
3.第三段说明空想对记忆的益处;
4.第四段说明空想有助于人们更好地了解自己。

【范文赏读】
Most people regard daydreaming as a waste of time and energy. However, that's not the case. Many medical studies have found that daydreaming has a lot of benefits. (要点1) First of all, daydreaming can improve your mood. (要点2) What's more, it helps develop your memory. (要点3) Last but not least, daydreaming helps you to know yourself better. (要点4)
单元培优专练
阅读理解
本篇文章围绕"人与自然"这一主题语境展开,主要介绍了在新西兰城市克赖斯特彻奇发生的里氏7. 1级地震的相关情
况。

通过阅读这篇文章,同学们可以了解地震这一 自然灾害,同时在日常生活中应该多多关注自然灾害并且了解当灾
害来临时我们应该如何保护自己。

在做好对自然灾害的防范的同时,我们也要树立对自然的敬畏之心。

The city of Christchurch, New Zealand was struck by a magnitude 7. 1 earthquake on the early morning of Saturday, September 4, 2010.
No tsunami alert(警报)was reported.The country's army were ready to aid victims and disaster recovery operations. New Zealand's then Prime Minister John Key, flew to the affected area to inspect and assess(评估) the situation of the damaged city.John Key said that the full assessment of the damage would possibly take months.Based on what he saw in the area, it could cost at least $1.4 billion for reconstruction.
"An absolute miracle is that no one died," John Key said. Two were seriously injured and thousands of local residents were awakened after being shaken at 4:35 a.m. of that Saturday.
There were people trapped inside the damaged buildings but fortunately none were reported dead from the broken stones or bricks of the damaged buildings.
"We're all feeling frightened — we've just had some aftershocks(余震)," a survivor told 1 News. "Tonight we're just people in the face of a massive natural disaster, trying to help each other and we're grateful we haven't lost a life."
New Zealand is no stranger to earthquakes. The country experiences more than 14,000 earthquakes a year — but only about 150 are felt by people.
"Many buildings here were built with earthquake protection measures.However,in most cities in developing countries,people build the way they want to and there're no building controls to force them to reach a higher safety standard,"Andrew Charleson,an architecture professor at Victoria University of Wellington told CNN.
1.After the earthquake, all of the following occurred EXCEPT that .
A.some aftershocks broke out
B. the army were there to help
C. no people were injured or killed
D. the full assessment of the damage would take a long time
2.What does the underlined sentence mean?
A.Earthquakes rarely hit New Zealand.
B.Earthquakes break out frequently in New Zealand.
C.The earthquakes happening in New Zealand are violent.
D.The earthquakes breaking out in New Zealand are very strange.
【背景介绍】 新西兰位于环太平洋地震带上,地处两个缓慢移动的构造板块边界,多地震、 火山。

2010年9月4日,新西兰南岛发生里氏7. 1级地震,震中位于克赖斯特彻奇的西边。

【文本解读】
语篇类型:新闻报道
【核心词汇】 inspect vt. 检查,查看,审视;视察
reconstruction n. 重建;改造;复原
awaken v. (使)醒来
1.C 【命题意图】 考查细节理解。

【解题思路】 由第三段中的"Two were seriously injured"可知, 地震中有两人受了重伤。

故选C。

2.B 【命题意图】 考查句意理解。

【解题思路】 由下文中的"The country experiences more than 14, 000 earthquakes a year"可知,新西兰一年会经历超过1.4万次地震, 由此可以看出新西兰经常发生地震。

故选B。

【文本解读】
1.struck/hit
2.measures
3.situation
4.earthquakes
5.buildings
一、 阅读理解
[2019年6月浙江卷·C]California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50percent on more than 46,000square miles of California forests,the new study finds .No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt(融 雪).
Since the 1930s,McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B.The increasing variety of California big trees.
C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A.Ecological studies of forests.
B.Banning woodcutting.
C.Limiting housing development.
D.Fire control measures.
3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A.Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D.Patrick McIntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California
【解题导语】 文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象,并分析了其原因。

【长难句解读】 Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.(Para.6)
分析:这是一个复合句。

McIntyre said是插入语; which cause trees to lose more water to the air是非限制性定语 从句,修饰rising temperatures;which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season也是非限制性定 语从句,修饰earlier snowmelt。

译文:McIntyre说, 自20世纪30年代以来,导致该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温升高,这会导致树木被空气夺去更多的水,以及过早的融雪,从而减少了旱季树木的供水量。

1.A 【命题意图】 考查段落大意。

【解题思路】 根据文章第二段"The number of trees...declined by 50 percent...more than 55 percent (75)
percent"提到的数字可知,该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性,故选A项。

2.D 【命题意图】 考查推理判断。

【解题思路】 根据第三段中的"Aggressive wildfire pete with big trees for resources(资源)"可知,声势浩大的森林防火措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林,但同时也导致小树泛滥,与大树争抢资源,从而导致大 树数量减少,故选D项。

3.C 【命题意图】 考查细节理解。

【解题思路】 根据最后一段中的"Since the 1930s, McIntyre said...have been rising temperatures...reduces the water supply"可知,McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温,故选C项。

4.A 【命题意图】 考查主旨大意。

【解题思路】 根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象,并分析了其原因。

因此A项能很好地概括全文。

二、语法填空
[2020全国卷Ⅱ]
Decorating with Plants,Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 1 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 2 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 3 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 5 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo:Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo"plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices .6 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 7 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 8 (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The 9(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations .The plum trees are 10first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化) .They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
【解题导语】 文章讲述了中国人在庆祝春节时用植物、 水果和鲜花来做装饰以及它们所代表的美好寓意。

1.celebration 【解题思路】 考查名词。

不定冠词a 后面接可数名词单数,所以填celebration。

2.carries 【解题思路】 考查时态和主谓一致。

在why引导的表语从句中,动名词短语decorating...flowers作 主语,谓语动词用单数,并且此处讲的是客观事实,用一般现在时,所以填carries。

ing 【解题思路】 考查非谓语动词。

the earth和come 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以填coming。

4.than 【解题思路】 考查固定搭配。

more than 为固定搭配,在这里表示"不仅仅",所以填than。

5.decorated 【解题思路】 考查非谓语动词。

空前的them指代上文的Orange trees,和decorate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语,所以填decorated。

6.Certainly 【解题思路】 考查副词。

此处修饰整个句子,且位于句首,所以填Certainly。

7.with 【解题思路】 考查介词。

be associated with...是固定搭配,表示"与 … …有关"。

8.to care 【解题思路】 考查非谓语动词。

此处考查"be +adj.+to do "结构。

注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

9.beautiful 【解题思路】 考查形容词。

空处和空后的long共同修饰名词branches,所以填beautiful。

10.the 【解题思路】 考查冠词。

序数词前加定冠词the,表示"第几个"。

三、读后续写
[2020新高考Ⅰ卷(山东考卷)]The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.
Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.
One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy — his name was Bernard — had interested her very much.
"I wish you could see him," she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. "He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do."
After their mother left the room,the children sat thinking about Bernard ."I wish we could help him to earn money," said Clara. "His family is suffering so much."
"So do I," said Harry. "We really should do something to assist them."
For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, "I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成). "
The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. "I tell you what we can do," said John. "You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn(爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it."
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。

When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.
With everything ready,Bernard started out on his new business.
三、读后续写
【写作思路】 本文主要讲述的是三个孩子在妈妈告诉他们一个贫困家庭的故事后,想出一个绝妙的主意,帮助这个家庭的孩子Bernard制作并售卖爆米花,以此帮助这个家庭的故事。

所给的开头合情合理,对续写很有指导性, 有利于考生发挥想象补充完整这个故事。

【范文赏读】
Paragraph1:
When Mrs.Meredith heard ofJohn's idea,she thought it was a good one,too. Very soon, the children learnt how to pop the corn and then were busy doing this "big" thing. At the same time, their mother went out to buy the paper bags that they needed. When she came back, she brought Bernard with her. Bernard felt grateful to all of them for what they had done for him.
Paragraph2:
With everything ready,Bernard started out on his new business. Much sooner than expected, he returned with an empty basket and so much money that he had never seen before.He was so delighted that he could hardly speak, but his bright smiling face spoke for him.For many weeks,every Saturday,the three children would prepare popcorn for Bernard to sell. This little boy therefore could help support his family. All of this was because of John's bright idea.
【亮点点击】 亮点词汇:feel grateful to sb., delighted, speak for。

亮点句式:宾语从句(what they had done for him);结果状语从句(so delighted that he could hardly speak)。

!。