土木工程专业英语期末题库一

《土木工程专业英语》考点提炼一
一、词汇汉译英
1.运输工程：Transportation engineering
2.抗拉强度：tensile strength
3.社区与城市规划：Community and urban planning
4.岩土工程：geotechnical
5.高层建筑：high-rise building
6.幕墙：curtain wall
7.钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete
8.空气调节：air conditioning
9.住宅：residential
10.栏杆、扶手：balustrade
二、词汇英译汉
1.bearing wall：承重墙
2.framework：骨架
3.stratification：分层
4.terminate：有限的；临界的
5.boundary：界限
6.Pipeline engineering：管道工程
7.shelter：隐蔽处
8.preliminary design ：初步设计
9.yield strength：屈服强度
10.water-to-cement ratio：水灰比
三、句子汉译英
1、承重墙体限制了建筑物的高度，因为墙体的厚度要求很厚。

Bearing-wall construction limited the height of buildings because of the
enormous wall thickness required.
2、它的用途是满足人类消费、灌溉或工业用水的需求，或者增加河流水深以改善通航条件。

Its purposes are to meet demands for water for human consumption, irrigation, or industry，or to increase the depth of water in a river so as to improve navigation．
3、基础仍然是许多建筑物隐蔽的而且花费昂贵的部分。

Foundations still are a hidden but costly part of many buildings.
4、材料和结构形式被组合在一起形成了建筑物的不同部分。

包括承重的框架、外墙、楼板层、以及隔墙。

Materials and structural forms are combined to make up the various parts of a building, including the load carrying frame, skin, floors, and partitions.
5、随框架建筑出现的一个产物就是围护墙体成了幕墙，不再起承重的功能。

As a consequence of skeleton construction, the enclosing walls become a "curtain wall" rather than serving a supporting function.
四、句子英译汉
1、By far the majority of bridges are designed to carry automobile or railroad traffic, but some are intended for pedestrians only.
到目前为止，大多数桥梁是被设计用来承担汽车和铁路交通，但是也有一些是只用作行人通行。

2、They work closely with urban planners, since the quality of the community is directly related to the quality of the transportation
system.
他们与城市规划者关系紧密，因为社区的质量直接关系到运输体系的质量。

3、In an apartment building every habitable space，such as living rooms and bedrooms，must have natural light from windows while bathrooms and kitchens can have artificial light and therefore can be in the interior of the building．
在公寓里面，每一处居住的空间，比如起居室和卧室必须有从窗户进来的自然光，而浴室和厨房则可以用人工光线，因此可以布置在建筑的内部。

4、Air-conditioning may include the functions of heating and ventilating but in addition is concerned with lowering of temperature of the thermal environment, raising or lowering of humidity, and purifying the air by removal of dust, bacteria, and other airborne matter.
空气调节可能包括供热和通风的功能，但此外还与降低热环境温度、增加或降低湿度、通过清除灰尘、细菌和其它空气中的传播物质而净化空气等有关。

5、It is the task of the environmental engineer not only to design systems to assuage this pollution but also to educate people in protecting their surroundings from additional pollution.
环境工程师的任务不仅是设计出一些系统来减轻这个污染，而且还要教育人们保护他们周围的环境免遭额外的污染。

6、Although all decoration is rejected in some modern architecture，it was employed in the past either for its inherent beauty or to emphasize some point of importance in the building.
装饰虽然在某些现代建筑中被拒绝采纳，但在过去却被使用，或是由于其内在的美，或是为了强调建筑物某一部分的重要性。