2014年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译
词语翻译
英译汉
1．vulnerability
正确答案：脆弱性，弱点
2．biotic community
正确答案：生物群落；生物界
3．productive power
正确答案：生产力
4．exchange rate
正确答案：汇率
5．deport
正确答案：驱逐出境：放逐
6．letter of credit
正确答案：信用证
7．herd capacity
正确答案：放牧能力
8．arthritis
正确答案：关节炎
9．arbitration clause
正确答案：仲裁条款
10．chronic disease
正确答案：慢性病
11．equality and mutual benefit
正确答案：平等互利
12．feast day
正确答案：节日
13．drug trafficking
正确答案：贩毒，毒品走私
14．Honduras
正确答案：洪都拉斯
15．ASEAN
正确答案：(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟(东盟) 汉译英
16．版图
正确答案：territory; domain
17．汇款(额)
正确答案：remittance
18．优化
正确答案：optimize
19．领事裁判权
正确答案：consular jurisdiction
20．阁下
正确答案：Your Excellency
21．无息贷款
正确答案：interest-free loan
22．裁军
正确答案：disarmament
23．政治大国
正确答案：political power
24．可行性
正确答案：feasibility
25．耐受力
正确答案：tolerance
26．维修和置换
正确答案：repair and replacement
27．生殖性克隆
正确答案：reproductive cloning
28．国情
正确答案：national conditions
29．腐败
正确答案：corruption
30．弱势群体
正确答案：vulnerable groups; disadvantaged groups 英汉互译
英译汉
31．Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) is one of the best known and most influential American novelist and short-story writers. In all his life, Hemingway was fascinated by war—in World War I, he worked for the Red Cross on the Italian Front, in the Spanish Civil War and World War II, he served as a war reporter. His experiences and observations provided him with materials and backgrounds for many of his best works, in which he concerned himself with man’s courage in facing strong physical forces. “Grace under pressure “was Hemingway’s definition of courage. In his view, life is painful and complex. The only way to survive is to face what comes with honor, dignity, strength, knowledge and endurance. Hemingway’s overall message, as established in The Old Man and the Sea (1952), his nearly flawless short novel which gained him the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in 1954, is that although life is a lonely, losing battle, it is a struggle that a man can dominate in such a way that his loss has dignity and is itself a victory.
正确答案：欧内斯特.海明威(1899～1961)是美国最著名的和最有影响力的小说家及短篇小说家之一。

海明威的一生都与战争相关：一战期间，他作为红十字会的工作人员奋斗在意大利前线，西班牙内战和二战期间，他又当上了战地记者。

海明威的经历和观察为其多部著作中的题材来源和背景提供了依据，并且在他的经典著作中常会赋予人类面对艰难险阻时巨大的勇气。

“重压之下的优雅”是海明威对于勇气的定义。

他认为，生活是痛苦且复杂的。

生存下来的唯一方式就是用荣誉、尊严、力量、知识和忍耐力去面对生活中的一切。

《老人与海》(1952)是海明威最接近完美的短篇小说，它不但使海明威于1953年赢得了普利策奖，也是海明威1954年诺贝尔奖的获奖作品。

正如小说中所体现的那样，海明威的全部精神在于：虽然生活是一场孤独失败的战争，但人却可以努力主导生活，让自己的失败有尊严，而这本身就是一场胜利。

32．There is relatively little literature available on the impacts of extreme climate events on livestock. Nevertheless, storms, blizzards and droughts are an important concern for livestock operations. In addition to the direct effects on animals, storms may result in power outages that can devastate farms that are heavily dependent upon electricity for daily operations. This was exemplified by the 1998 ice storm in eastern Ontario and southern Quebec, when the lack of power left many dairy farms unable to use their milking machines. This threatened the health of the cows (due to potential mastitis) and caused significant revenue losses. Milk revenue was also lost through the inability to store the milk at the proper temperature. Furthermore, the lack of electricity made it difficult to provide adequate barn ventilation and heating, thereby making the animals more susceptible to illness.(From Impact of Climatic Changes)
正确答案：虽然有关极端气候事件对家畜影响的现有文献相对较少，但毫无疑问，暴风雨、暴风雪和干旱是影响家畜业的重要因素。

除了对牲畜产生的
直接影响外，暴风雨会导致电力供应中断。

而那些高度依赖电力的农场的日常运行将受到严重影响。

例如，1998年安大略省东部和魁北克南部遭受暴风雪时，许多乳牛场因缺电无法使用挤奶机器，从而威胁奶牛的健康(可能会导致奶牛有乳腺炎)，并对农户收入造成严重损失。

牛奶无法在合适的温度下存放也导致了其销售收入的减少。

此外，缺电还容易导致谷仓通风不畅，供暖不足，使奶牛易于患病。

33．As elsewhere, Castrol has adopted a premium pricing strategy in Vietnam, which is consistent with the company’s attempt to build a global brand image of high quality. Castrol oil costs about US $1.5 per liter in Vietnam, about three times as much as the price of cheaper oil imported from Taiwan and Thailand. Despite the high price of its product, Castrol claims it is gaining share in Vietnam as its branding strategy wins converts. Castrol has had to tailor its distribution strategy to Vietnam’s unique conditions. In most countries where it operates, Castrol divides the country into regions and has a single distributor in each region. (From Case study: Castrol Oil in Vietnam)
正确答案：与其他地方一样，嘉实多在越南同样采用了优质的定价策略，这与公司试图建立高质量的全球品牌形象是一致的。

在越南，嘉实多的油价为每公升1．5美元，是从台湾和泰国进口的廉价石油价格的三倍左右。

尽管其产品价格较高，嘉实多声称由于其赢得转换的品牌战略，它正在越南获得越来越多的市场份额。

嘉实多不得不根据越南独特的条件来调整其分销策略。

在它经营的大多数国家，嘉实多将这个国家的经销划分为若干区域，且每个区域都有一个单一的分销商。

汉译英
34．辽宁省位于中国东北地区南部，东临朝鲜。

简称辽，取省内辽河流域永久安宁之意。

1 929年始称辽宁省。

这里是我国清王朝的发祥地，前清历史和文物遗迹众多。

其中沈阳故宫，是清代开国时期留下来的宫殿建筑，还有清永陵、清福陵、清昭陵、辽阳壁画墓群等文物古迹。

辽宁省境内自然风光奇特秀丽，海岸线绵长曲折，岛屿星罗棋布。

辽宁同时又是一个多民族的省份，有汉、满、蒙古、回、朝鲜、锡伯等44个民族。

正确答案：Liaoning province, whose east area is adjacent to North Korea, is located in the south of northeast China. It is short for Liao, taking the meaning of permanent peace in this region. People called it for Liaoning province in the beginning of 1929. And it is the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty which possesses huge amounts of historical and cultural relics, among which, the Shenyang Imperial Palace is originated from Qing Dynasty, and so is the palace of Qing Yong, Qing Fu, Qing Zhao, painting tombs at Liaoyang and many other cultural relics and historic sites. Liaoning is a beautiful province with unique natural scenery and twisting and turning coastline. Its islands are scattered over the sea just like the stars in the sky. At the same time, Liaoning is a multi-ethnic province with 44 ethnic groups, including Han,
Manchu, Mongolia, Hui, North Korea, Xibo and so on.
35．但出人意料的是，太平洋热带洋面水温自五月中旬至六月中旬一个月内下降了7．8摄氏度，使海水温度比常年同期低2至3摄氏度。

这就是所谓的拉尼娜现象。

她的甚至更迅速的形成使科学家们感到惊讶不已。

“较冷的热带海洋使大气从海洋中吸起的热量低于常年，”曹冀平解释说，“其结果是大气环流也出现异常，并造成全球气候异常的现象。

”拉尼娜对全球气候的影响与厄尔尼诺的影响相反，特别是在热带地区更是如此。

在纬度较高的地区，厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜是影响气候的诸多因素之一，但是他们的影响效果在冬季看得最为清楚。

正确答案：But beyond all expectations is that the water temperature of the tropical Pacific Ocean decreased by 7.8 centigrade from mid May to mid June, 2-3 centigrade lower than that of the same period in previous years. This is the so-called La Nina. And its rapid formation surprised scientists a lot. “The colder tropical oceans make the atmosphere absorb less heat from it than that in previous years,” Cao Jiping explains, “and it leads to the abnormal atmospheric circulation, resulting in the global climate anomalies.”The impact of La Nina on global climate is just the opposite of El Nino, especially in the tropical area. E1 Nino and La Nina are one of the many factors that affect the climate in higher latitudes, but their effects are most clearly seen in winter.
36．“丘也闻有国有家者，不患寡而患不均，不患贫而患不安。

盖均无贫，和无寡，安无倾。

夫是，故远人不服，则修文德以来之。

既来之，则安之。

”(选自《论语．季氏第十六篇》)
正确答案：I have heard that rulers of states and chiefs of families are not troubled lest their people should be few, but are troubled lest they should not keep their several places; that they are not troubled with fears of poverty, but are troubled with fears of a want of contented repose among the people in their several places. For when the people keep their several places, there will be no poverty; when harmony prevails, there will be no scarcity of people; and when there is such a contended repose, there will be no rebellious upsettings. So it is. Therefore, if remoter people are not submissive, all the influences of civil culture and virtue are to be cultivated to attract them to be so; and when they have been so attracted, they must be made contented and tranquil.。