DMF资料——精选推荐

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Drug Master File
译为“药品主文件”,它是反映药品生产和质量管理方面的一套完整的文件资料。

主要包括生产厂简介、具体质量规格和检验方法、生产工艺和设备描述、质量控制和质量管理等方面的内容。

根据不同国家和地区对注册程序的规定和DMF的编写要求不同,DMF大致分为两种,一种是欧洲共同体国家所要求的DMF(简写为EDMF),一种是美国FDA所要求的。

前一种要求重点介绍产品的工艺质量控制、杂质和稳定性研究等方面的资料和数据;后一种DMF被细分为五类,在EDMF基础上,尚需介绍生产厂的厂房、设施、人员、GMP管理、机构和职责等方面的内容。

在欧共体,DMF是办理市场销售许可证的一部分。

药品要在欧共体或销售国家药品管理局申报一套资料,办理市场销售许可证。

当药品所用的活性成份(即原料药)的供应商改变时,同上办理。

而DMF是申报资料的重要部分。

不按要求提供DMF,就不能把所生产的产品销售到该国家。

在美国,虽然FDA没在正式文件中规定出口到美国的原料厂家必须上报DMF资料,但实际上大家都在做,而且美国FDA也发表了编写DMF文件的指南。

若该原料药被用做处方药的成分时,则美国FDA一定派员对生产厂家进行检查,以确定该厂的生产是否与上报资料所述相符,是否是按美国CGMP(现行GMP)要求进行。

鉴于欧共体和美国对进口原料药的严格的管理,编写一份符合要求的DMF文件对促进原料药的出口是至关重要的。

我公司自20世纪90年代初组织人员对主要出口原料药编写DMF,当时主要是按美国格式编写的。

这些文件对当时我公司国际贸易的开展起了重要的作用,也使大家了解了DMF文件对原料药出口的重要性。

随着国际贸易的深入和GMP的不断发展,对DMF的内容不断提出了新的要求。

自1996年以后,陆续对老版本的DMF进行了改版。

我公司大部分的原料药销往欧美两个市场,因此要准备两个版本的DMF文件。

EDMF有固定的格式,但在内容的深度和广度上不同的客户会提出不同的要求,因此,一个产品可能会有一个以上的EDMF版本。

美国DMF没有固定的格式,不同的咨询官会有不同的风格,而且,咨询官为保证能一次通过FDA的审查,都比较坚持自己固有的风格。

若在编写DMF的过程中更换了咨询官,所有的资料可能会从头再来。

例如:氢化可的松的美国版DMF,已经由第一个咨询官逐页审核,准备呈递DMF时,由于更换咨询官,我公司不得不将厚达2寸的DMF文件按第二位咨询官的要求改版。

因此,DMF的编写不会因编好了一个版本就一劳永逸了,需要按客户的要求以及工艺和设施变更的情况不断地修改补充完善,重大的变更必须通知客户。

美国FDA要求,即使没有变更,每年也需要递交一份没有改变的声明。

DMF在修改较多时必须要换版。

原料药申请FDA批准的基本程序如下:
(1)根据市场调研,摸清美国市场目前的销售情况,对市场发展趋势与走向做出
正确的预测、分析,在此基础上,选好申请FDA认证的品种。

(2)选择好申请代理人(代理人)和代理经销商(经销商)并向FDA递交委托代理的证明书即委托书。

(3)编写申请文件,化学原料为DMF,交代理人修改定稿后,由代理人向FDA递交,取得DMF分配号和NDC登记号。

(4)FDA收到材料后将发函通知表示何时收到何产品的DMF资料,DMF分配号是多少,该产品由谁供货,由谁代理、谁经营,其次说明根据NDA(新药申请)程序,FDA将来检查。

(5)工厂按GMP要求进行厂房、设备和各项管理方面的准备工作。

其间,代理和代理商可能合作几次预检。

(6)FDA派员检查。

检查按他们的检查指南并对照DMF文件逐项对照,查后当场写出书面意见并由检查人员向FDA报告检查结果。

(7)FDA审核批准后通知代理商,由代理商通知外贸部签约,可知该药品已获准可直接进入美国市场。

(8)每年通过代理人向FDA递交一份DMF修改材料,2-3年接受一次复查。

根据美国的联邦管理法规定,在美国生产经营产品者须向美国食品药物管理局(FDA)申请注册并递交有关文件、化学原料药按要求提交一份新药申请(NDA)的药物管理档案:DMF。

DMF是药物管理档案(DRUGMASTERFILE)的英文名首字母缩写词,是一份文件,由生产厂提供的详细的某药品生产过程的资料,便于FDA对该厂产品有个全面了解。

DMF定为DMF系一机密参考资料,内容包括:生产、加工、包装或贮存某一物质时所用的具体厂房设施,生产
方法或物件等详尽的资料。

国际上常把DMF称作“企业文化”或生产单位文化,许多国家法规要求有生产设施和监控的资料以确定药品的生产是通过GMP得到保证的。

呈报的DMF有五种类型:第一类,生产地点和厂房设施、人员;第二类,中间体、原料药和药品;第三类型,包装物料;第四类,辅料、着色剂、香料、香精及其他添家剂;第五类,非临床数据资料和临床数据资料,每一DMF应只不过含有一类资料。

上报的DMF原件在收到时经鉴定确定在格式和内容上符合规定要求,FDA就会确认收到并对其指定一个DMF编号,FDA收受DMF以及将DMF编号并不说明FDA对这一文件表示同意或不同意。

FDA为证实申请书而要查阅DMF资料前,DMF持有者必须向F
DA呈报授权信件一式二份,
容许FDA查阅DMF,如果FDA审查员在审查NDA(新药申请书)ANDA(新药简略申请书)等申请书时需查阅DMF,发现资料不全,则会在回复申请时把不足处指出,由申请者告知DMF持有者把DMF加以改正。

DMF持有者的责任有:改动DMF时作所需通知了授权可查阅DMF的人员名单;指定代理商;DMF所有权的转让,当DMF持有者希望终止DMF时,应向DMF部门上报一份申请书说明终止理由。

原料药DMF
使用说明:
1、本大纲是为了帮助我公司客户把握DMF的整体内容而准备的,由于DMF内容繁多,从整体上了解内容框架和组成部分,对于理解FDA对DMF的要求和意图非常有必要;
2、根据FDA的要求,凡是本大纲提到的内容,原料药制造商均应该提供。

因此,客户务必依照规定提供尽可能详细的内容。

3、本大纲的内容和相关要求能够确保客户目前的运作达到FDA的cGMP标准,因此,准备DMF的过程,也使客户按照FDA的要求进行整改和提高的过程,这些都为FDA未来的现场检查打下良好基础;
4、凡是本大纲中提到的非技术性具体内容要求,请参照本公司专有的与此大纲配套的相关DFM指导性文件,包括《FDA药物主文件指南》、《关于在药品递交中递交的有关原料药生产的支持文件的指南》、《药物申办中质量管理方面通用技术文件格式与内容要求》;
5、凡是本大纲中提到的技术性具体内容要求,如杂质、稳定性、验证等具体技术要求,请参照本公司专有的FDA相关技术标准文件,包括《原料药认证指南》、《制剂认证指南》、《化学药物稳定性指南》、《化学药物杂质指南》、《化学药物化验与合格参数指南》、《化学药物验证指南》等;
《合成原料药DMF起草大纲》
一、公司和生产场地的基本描述
1、第一类的DMF文件建议由位于美国之外的人提供,以帮助FDA对他们的生产设施进行现场检查。

DMF文件应描述生产场地、设备能力、生产流程图等。

A Type I DMF is reco mmended for a person outside of the United States to assist FDA in conducting on site in spections of their manufacturing facilities. The DMF should describe the manufacturing sit e, equipment capabilities, and operational layout.
2、第一类的DMF文件对美国国内设施通常不需要,除非该设施没有登记并定期接受检查。

A Type I DMF is normally not needed to describe domestic facilities, except in special ca ses, such as when a person is not registered and not routinely inspected.
3、场地的描述应包括面积、实际地址以及表明该场地与最近的城市的距离的地图。

提供该
场地的鸟瞰图和平面图。

The description of the site should include acreage, actual site add ress, and a map showing its location with respect to the nearest city. An aerial photograp
h and a diagram of the site may be helpful.
4、主要生产和加工区域的平面图对于理解整个生产布局会有帮助。

应当描述主要设备的生产能力、用途和位置。

通常不用描述设备的制造商和型号,除非特别新或独特的设备。

A diagram of major production and processing areas is helpful for understanding the operatio nal layout. Major equipment should be described in terms of capabilities, application, and location. Make and model would not normally be needed unless the equipment is new or unique.
5、公司主要的组成部门结构图,包括总公司和生产场地的关键生产、质量控制、质量保证岗位,A diagram of major corporate organizational elements, with key manufacturing, qual ity control, and quality assurance positions highlighted, at both the manufacturing site and corporate headquarters, is also helpful.
二、原料药的物理和化学特征
1、特性Properties
相关法规要求对原料药的物理和化学特征做出详细描述。

该要求可以通过提供下述信息来满足:名称(通用名、化学名、编码等)、化学摘要服务(CAS)编码、性状描述(如:外观、颜色、物理状态)、分子式和分子重量、结构式(包括离子状态)、立体化学(找出手性中心、顺式反式异性等)、对映结构体比率(如:外消旋物、规定的异构体、对映异构物和固态形式的混合物)、溶解度概况(水溶性的或非水溶性的)、分配系数、溶液pH值、解离常数、熔点或沸点、折射率、比重。

对于蛋白质原料药,参见:“CRC生物化学和分子生物学手册”“酶学方法”和有关描述蛋白质特性的专论。

The regulations require a full description of th e physical and chemical characteristics of the drug substance. This requirement may be sat isfied by the submission of information such as the following: name (generic name, chemi cal name, code number); Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number if available; descriptio n (e.g., appearance, color, physical state); molecular formula and molecular weight; structur al formula (including ionic state if applicable); stereochemistry (identifying chiral centers, c is-trans isomerism, etc.); enantiomer or solid-state form ratios (e.g., for racemates, and for defined admixtures of isomers or enantiomers or solid-state forms); solubility profile (aque ous and nonaqueous as applicable); partition coefficients; solution pH; dissociation constant (s); melting or boiling point; refractive index; specific gravity. For drug substances that ar e proteins, see the "CRC Handbook of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology," "Methods in Enzymology," and related monographs for how protein properties may be described.
并非所有的递交都要求上述信息,额外的信息也可能需要,特别是随着生产工艺的复杂性的增加。

The items above are not necessary or appropriate for all submissions. Additional inf ormation may be required, particularly as the state of the art progresses.
2、结构Structure
对于结构的说明(如:相关数据和其解释)应当基于一个合适的物理和化学检测结果。

这包括以下内容:元素分析;质谱分析(MS);核磁共振(NMR);紫外(UV)和红外(IR)光谱学;分子量测定;立体化学和构象分析(如:光学和几何学异构体);X光分析;降解分析(如:氨基酸排序和分析);色析图谱;其它检验(如:功能团分析,衍生作用,络合形式等)The elucidation of structure (e.g., the data and its interpretation) should be based on appro priate physical and chemical test results. These may include the following: elemental analy sis; mass spectrometry (MS); nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR), ultraviolet (UV), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy; molecular
weight determination; stereochemistry and configurational or conformational
analysis (e.g., optical and geometric isomers); X-ray analysis; degradative
analysis (e.g., amino acid sequencing and/or analysis); chromatographic
profile; other tests (e.g., functional group analysis, derivatization, complex
formation).
同样,并非所有以上条目都是必须的或适用于所有情况,所列条目也不是完全的(工艺过程更加复杂和新原料药需要时,也许需要做出更多的分析)。

实际数据及其解释的细节应当放在“参考标准”章节(参见II.F.2, 和3)。

Again, not all items are necessary or appropriate i n all cases, and the listing should not be considered limiting (i.e., more analysis may be r equired as the state of the art progresses and the nature of the new drug substance deman ds). The actual data and the details of its interpretation should be placed in the section fo r Reference Standard (see II.F.2, and 3.).
三、原料药的稳定性
相关法规要求对原料药的稳定性做全面的描述。

具体要求,参见“关于提交人类用药品和生物制品稳定性文件的指南”。

The regulations require a full description of the stability of the drug substance. See the "Guideline for Submitting Documentation for the Stability of Hum an Drugs and Biologics" for assistance in fulfilling this requirement.
四、原料药的生产
1、起始材料的控制程序Control procedures for starting materials
应当列出起始原料。

应该提供其承诺的标准和用来判定其特性、质量和纯度的检验方法。

分析检验方法应当简要描述。

起始原料的来源通常无需说明,但有时会要。

Starting materials should be listed. Acceptance specifications and tests defining identity, quality, and purity s hould be provided. The analytical test methods should be briefly described. The source of the starting material need not be identified, but may be requested.
对起始材料应该进行鉴别和含量测定分析。

在某些情况下,当杂质(如芳香化合物的异构体)
被混入原料药时,应提供纯度档案(如包括杂质的定量与定性色谱图)。

通过定期与不定期的核查与验证来评估原料供应商提供的产品质量是稳定的,供应商提供的质量保障声明应该包括相关的规格和结果,并应该注明用于检测的分析方法。

A specific identity test should be performed, as well as an assay, with limits for impurities. In those cases where impuritie s (e.g., positional isomers of aromatic compounds) could be carried through to the drug su bstance, a purity profile should be provided (e.g., chromatography with quantitation/identifi cation of impurities). Assurances or statements of quality from the supplier are acceptable for the profile, provided that the manufacturer establishes the reliability of the supplier#39; s analyses through validation, initially and at appropriate intervals. These statements from suppliers should include specifications and results and should indicate the type of method
2、试剂、溶媒和辅料控制Reagents, solvents, and auxiliary materials controls
应列出合成原料、溶媒的内容。

标明以上原料、溶媒的规格和检验方法,并应该提供相关的质量声明。

递交者应当注明具体的检验方法(除非忽略这种检验可被认为是正当的)。

无论是原料供应商还是递交者,进行额外检验时,应该依据该化学成分在合成中的作用进行。

例如,对于用来中和合成反应混合物中多余的酸用得碱时(如氢氧化钠),通常不需要进行的纯度检测。

相反,用于关键环节的光学活性的有机酸(如:某种酸的对映体),则需要这样的额外检测。

These chemicals should also be listed. The specifications and test methods for each such material should be stated, and/or a statement of quality provided. The applicant should describe the specific identity test performed (unless omitting such a test has been otherwise justified, e.g., because of hazard). The extent of additional testing performed –whether by the supplier or by the applicant -- should be based on the role of the chemic al in the synthesis. For example: a base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) used to neutralize excess acid in a synthetic reaction mixture would not normally require extensive purity testing; i n contrast, an optically active organic acid used in a resolution step (e.g., one enantiomer of dibenzoyltartaric acid) would require such additional testing.
3、详细的合成信息
递交者应当提供完整的合成信息,从起始原料到最终成品原料药。

有关描述应当包括整个合成过程的流程图以及每一合成步骤的说明)。

An applicant should provide complete informat ion on the synthesis, from starting material(s) to the bulk new drug substance. The descrip tion should contain a diagrammatic flow chart of the whole synthesis and a written statem ent for each step of the synthesis.
(1)合成流程图Flow chart of the synthesis.
合成的流程图应该包括以下内容The flow chart typically should contain the following:
(1) 反应物和产品的化学结构(如:起始原料、中间体,以及引入到结构中的分子)Chem ical structures of reactants (i.e., starting materials and
intermediates, and also molecules incorporated into the structure) and
products;
(2) ) 立体化学结构,如果有立体化学构形
Stereochemical configurations, where applicable;
(3) 中间体(未分离的或已分离的)Intermediates (either in situ or isolated);
(4) 溶媒、催化剂和试剂Solvents, catalysts, and reagents;
反应所产生的产品与副产品混合比率(如:两个或更多异构体)应该显示在流程图上。

重要的副产品和杂质,尤其是那些干扰分析过程或有毒性的,应当被分别表示出来(参见:第II.
D.2.c. 和II.F.3.)A ratio or mixture of products (e.g., two or more isomers) produced by a reaction should be shown in the flow chart. Significant side products and impurities, p articularly those that interfere with the analytical procedures or are toxic, should be illustr ated separately (see sections II.D.2.c. and II.F.3.).
(2)合成描述Description of the synthesis
每一个合成步骤的书面描述以及更详细的最后加工步骤的描述应该包括以下内容The writte n statement for each step of the synthesis, with greater detail
included toward the final steps of the process, should include the following:
(1) 用于反应的典型设备Typical equipment used for the reaction;
(2) 反应物(本步骤所使用的起始原料或中间体,包括化学名称和数量)Reactants (starting material or intermediate used in the step, with chemical names and amounts);
(3) 溶媒、催化剂和试剂(注明化学名称和数量)Solvents, catalysts, and reagents (chemical names and amounts);
(4) 反应条件(温度,pH值,时间,压力等)Conditions (temperature, pH, time, pressure, etc.);
(5) 反应完成的检测,如果有的话。

Tests for completion of reaction, if employed;
(6) 分离的程序Workup and isolation procedures;
(7) 原料药和中间体的纯化过程,如果有。

Purification procedures for drug substance and for intermediates, if employed;
(8) 收率范围(初品和/或精品的重量和百分比)Y ield ranges (crude and/or purified; weigh t and percent).
应该提供原料药最后合成、分离和提纯的详细信息。

(参见第II.D.2.c部分关于原料药提纯的内容)。

The final step of the synthesis and the isolation of the crude new drug substance, as well as its purification, should be provided in full detail. (See section II.D.2.c below re garding purification of the drug substance.)
除了提供合成的书面描述,还包括经过确认的操作参数范围(参见第II节-E工艺控制)和第IV节[CGMP])以及预期收率,递交者同时要提供实际操作的书面实例(BPR),明确指出它是供审阅官参考。

这个例证不应该仅仅是批生产纪录的拷贝,它应该包括更详细的内容。

Besides providing a written description of the synthesis which includes verified ranges for the operating parameters (refer to section II-E [Process Controls] and section IV [CGMP]) and for the expected yield, the applicant should provide a written example of actual prac tice, clearly identified as an example for the reviewer's information. This example sh ould not be merely a copy of batch records but should contain more detail.
应该描述所采取的替代措施(如:替代起始原料、反应物、溶媒、条件、催化剂、分析和提纯过程)。

应该提供每一不同合成方法所生产的原料的比较性分析数据Any alternate metho d or permissible variation that may be employed (e.g.,
alternate starting materials, reactants, solvents, conditions, catalysts,
isolation, and/or purification procedures) should be reported. Comparative
analytical data for the material produced by each variant synthetic method
should be provided.
(3)原料药的纯化Purification of the drug substance
应该详细描述原料的提纯情况和其从最终反应混合物中分离的情况。

其中应该包括以下内容:The description of the purification of the crude new drug substance and its isolation f rom the final reaction step mixture should be given in detail, and should include:
(1) 原料药的收率范围The yield ranges of the crude product;
(2) 任何用于判断原料产品纯度的检验。

(参见下面第6条)Any tests performed on the c rude product to determine its purity (see item 6, below);
(3) 详细的分离和纯化过程的记录(如:对于重结晶过程:所使用的溶媒,与原料产品相关的溶媒的数量,溶媒在热时候是否被过滤,是否使用了脱色剂,冷却温度与和最终温度,母液的使用和再使用,溶媒是否进行了二次回收。

A detailed description of the isolation and purification procedures (e.g., for recrystallizat ion: the solvent used, the quantity of solvent in relation to the amount of crude product, whether it is filtered while hot, whether a de colorizing agent is used, the rate of cooling and the final temperature, the use or re-use o f any mother liquors, and if second crops are obtained);
(4) 替代的提纯步骤(参见II.D.2.b.中的最后一段;参见II.G)Alternative purification proce dures (see the last paragraph of section II.D.2.b.; see also section II.G.);
(5) 提纯产品的收率范围(重量和百分比)The yield range (weight and percent) of the pu rified product;
(6) 证明提纯过程增加纯度的有关证据,例如色析法的前后对比Evidence demonstrating th at the purification procedure improves the purity, such as before-and-after chromatographic illustrations.
当提纯工艺被验证后,只需提供最初产品批次的检验相关信息。

This testing and informatio n may be necessary only on initial production batches, once the purification process has b een verified or validated.
(4)合成的变化Changes in the synthesis
相关合成的变化应该作为DMF的补充来提交。

为改变新药物递交(NDA)中已经批准的有关原料药的合成方法,制剂递交者也需要提交一个批准的补充文件,这包括有关溶媒的改变。

Proposed changes in the synthesis should be submitted to the application as a supplement for an approved NDA or as an amendment to an IND, a DMF, or a pending NDA. An a pproved supplement is required [21 CFR 314.70(b) (1) (iv)] to change the method of synt hesis approved in the NDA for the drug substance, including a change in solvents.
当合成的路线发生改变时(如:反应和中间体与新药递交(NDA)所批准的相关内容不同时),应该提供每一合成路线的比较分析数据(如:完整的纯度档案数据)。

下面我们将讨论有关变化旨在重新定义起始原料的情况。

When the route of synthesis is changed (i.e., reactions and/or intermediates are different from those approved in the NDA), comparative analytic al data (i.e., a complete purity profile) for the drug substance made by each route should be provided. A special case, where the proposed change is to redefine the starting material, is discussed below.
当用于原料药最终结晶的溶媒发生变化时,应该检查原料药有关晶形和溶剂化物的变化;参见II.G。

原料药必须符合有关晶形和溶剂化物的原定规格。

When there is a change in t he solvent used for the final crystallization of the new drug substance, the new drug subst ance should be examined for changes in crystalline form and/or solvation; refer to section II.G. The new drug substance must meet its original specifications for crystalline form an d/or solvation.
有关其它的反应和提纯的溶媒改变也需要一份补充递交,补充递交中应该提供该改变可以产生同等质量和纯度的产品(化合物或中间体)的证据,但无需考虑形态学问题。

Solvent ch anges for other reaction steps or purifications also require a supplemental application. The application should contain evidence that the
change affords material (compound or intermediate) of equivalent quality and
purity, but morphology need not be considered.
如果递交者想缩短新药递交(NDA)中批准的合成方法或者通过重新定义起始原料时,则需要提交一个补充文件(21 CFR 314.70(b) (1))。

该起始原料是一种可从商业渠道获得的用于合成的化合物,该化合物必须是新药递交中(NDA)批准的中间体,而且,必须满足起始材料"b" 和"c"标准要求。

An approved supplement is required (21 CFR 314.70(b) (1)) if an applicant wants to shorten the synthesis approved in the NDA or develop a new synthetic method by redefining the starting material, in order to employ a compound later in the s
ynthesis that has become commercially available. This compound must have been an inter mediate in the approved NDA synthesis, and must meet both the "b" and "c"criteria for starting material.
在完成原料药的合成之前,该化合物至少在两个完整的合成阶段前使用。

依据所引用的参考文献(应该提供相关拷贝)的充分性,需要提供起始原料的纯度和特性等额外信息,这包括足够的文献资料(如提供的复印件)。

The compound should be used at least two full steps before the new drug substance if possible (i.e., it should be prior to the final intermediat e). Additional information on the characterization and purity profile of the starting material may be needed, depending on the adequacy of the literature references cited (copies shou ld be provided).
对于学术期刊所引用的化合物,详尽的出版材料就够了(如:有关杂质检验的额外信息)。

在有关专利中所规定的化合物,需要提供其完整的特性和纯度档案。

应该描述用于检验每一批新起始原料的分析检测程序。

建立一个通用的检验方案通常就可以了。

For compounds ci ted in journal articles, an elaboration of the published material (i.e., additional information about testing for impurities) may suffice. For compounds described in patents, both comp lete characterization and a full purity profile will usually be needed. Analytical test proced ures used to qualify each new source/supplier of the new starting material should be descr ibed. A general testing protocol may be suitable.
递交者应该通过直接的比较(如:通过分析和使用)证明该化合物与用于临床试验用的新原料药等效,同时应该证明该化合物的符合承诺的标准。

使用至少是试验性规模(如:要大于实验室规模)。

The applicant should demonstrate by direct comparison (i.e., both by analy ses and by a use test) that the compound is equivalent to the material used to make the new drug substance employed in the clinical trials, and that the acceptance tests and speci fications for the compound are adequate. The use test should be at least on a pilot scale (i.e., larger than bench scale).
应该提供用该材料所生产的前三批产品的完整检验结果。

该检验的广度和深度要和用于检测一个新的参考标准品的相同。

A commitment to submit results from thorough examination of the first three full-scale batches made with the material should be provided. The exami nation should be similar in scope and extent to the testing involved in qualifying a new r eference standard.
对于依据联邦法典21 CFR 314.70(c) (3)所做的改变类型,只要有对合成过程的充分描述文件,就可以。

这样的改变,无需FDA的事先批准就可以执行。

For changes of the type per mitted by 21 CFR 314.70(c) (3), an adequate synthesis description on file would facilitate a conclusion that changes in site of manufacture of the new drug substance do not requi re prior FDA approval for implementation.
4、参照标准品Reference Standard
原始递交的申报文件应该包括任何所使用的参照标准品的制备过程的描述,包括对提纯步骤的描述,参见II.F.3.The original application should include a full description of the prep aration of any reference standard substance used, including the description of the purificati on steps. See also section II.F.3. II.D.4.
五、生产过程的控制
1、中间体和生产过程的控制Intermediates and In-process Controls
相关法规要求在合成过程中选择一些中间环节实施控制(检测项目与参数要求),以保证合成和提纯工序顺利进行,并保证检测后的中间体适合于以后的加工。

申请者可以根据对整个合成工艺的开发和确认的经验,自行确定对那些中间体或加工环节进行检测及进行那些检测项目。

在早期的开发阶段,每一个步骤通常都进行了检验(至少是对反应的内容),每一个中间体至少都进行与纯度有关参数的测定,包括纯度的估计。

随着合成经验的积累,应选择关键的反应步骤和中间体进行监控。

在递交新药申请(NDA)时,生产过程的控制点应该已经选定,相关控制参数和检验方法也已确立,以满足法律的要求。

The regulations require tha t controls (specifications and tests) be employed at selected intermediate stages of the synt hetic process to assure that the synthetic and purification procedures are operating properly and that the intermediate tested is suitable for subsequent processing. The choice of whic h intermediate(s) or steps in the process to test, and the kind of testing required, are the responsibility of the applicant based on his experience during the development and verifica tion of the total synthetic process. In early development work, every step would usually h ave been examined (at least for extent of reaction) and every intermediate at least partiall y characterized with some estimate of purity. As experience is gained with the synthesis, t he critical reaction steps and intermediates to be monitored are selected. At the time of N DA submission, in-process control points should have been selected and appropriate specifi cations and tests established to meet the requirements of the regulations.
这里描述的整个操作都是合成工艺验证的一个部分。

应当解释选择相关控制点和中间体的根据。

应当证明控制参数和检测方法对合成过程的控制是充分的。

应当依据相关控制点(控制参数和检测方法)来提供控制参数范围的书面描述。

通常,较宽的参数范围需要更严格的控制(参见:II.E.b.(回收和再加工))。

在新药申请(NDA)被批准后,随着经验的积累,可能需要修改生产过程的控制程序。

该控制程序的改变需要额外的验证(参见:IV)。

This who le operation is part of the process validation of the synthesis. The basis for selecting cont rol points and intermediates should be explained, and the adequacy of the specifications a nd tests to control the synthetic process demonstrated. The ranges for the operating param eters in the written description of the synthesis should be chosen in light of the controls (specifications and tests). Generally, broad operating ranges will require stricter controls. (S ee also section II.E.b. (recovery and rework) below.) With additional experience subsequent to NDA approval, the choice and nature of in-process control procedures may require mo dification. Changes in in-process control procedures will require additional validation (see s ection IV).。

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