污水处理厂调查报告及英文

随着的发展,城市水资源短缺的压力越来越大,追究城市水危机的根本原因,人们越来越认识到,是水的社会循环超出了水的自然循环可承载的范围. 因此,惟独充分尊重水的自然运动规律,合理地使用水资源,使上游地区的用水循环不影响下游水域的水体功能、社会循环不伤害自然循环的客观规律,从而维系或者恢复城市乃至流域的良好水环境,才是水资源可持续利用的有效途径.这就要求我们从“取水－输水－用户－排放” 的单向开放型的用水模式转变为“节制地取水－输水－用户－再生水”的反馈式循环流程,提高水的利用效率.实现这一重大用水模式的转变,加强污水再生利用是关键.随着科学技术的进步,城市污水已再也不是废水,而是一种珍贵的资源.既然是一种资源,就要最大程度的利用.提高城市污水的再生利用率,一是可以减少污染物排放,二是节约了有限的水资源.水利部水资源司副司长程晓冰在由清华大学和中国水网主办的“2022 城市水业战略论坛”上发表讲话,他指出,我国水资源短缺,城市缺水问题突出,污水处理回用是战略选择,意义重大.城市污水处理回用在替代清洁水源的同时减少了污水排放量, 降低了城市排污负荷,具有水量稳定、输水距离短、制水成本低等特点,可以提供安全可靠的替代
水源,是解决城市缺水问题的战略选择.推进污水处理回用工作充分体现了科学发展观以人为本的要求,反映了泛博人民群众的迫切愿望,是推进城市化建设的客观需要,是实现水资源合理配置、科学保护、循环利用的重要手段,对建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会意义重大,对我国经济又好又快发展意义重大.
Survey Xuanhua District sewage treatment plant
Survey Time: 2022-2-21
Survey Location: Zhangjiakou, Hebei Xuanhua District Wastewater Treatment Plant
Science sewage treatment is an urgent requirement of economic and social development, but also practical problems of urban construction process must face. In recent years, the county government attaches great importance to urban environmental remediation work, will this work for the improvement of urban living environment, promoting urban and rural development, an important starting point to build a harmonious society. Over the past few years, Xuanhua District sewage treatment has done a lot of work and achieved some success.
Xuanhua District sewage treatment plant and sewer network project in 2001 by the Provincial Development Planning Commission approved the project. The project is environmental conservation projects supported by the state. 2004 by the Office of the National Development and Reform Commission approved the construction, plans a total investment of 63.16 million yuan. The project is to deal with our lives, an important part of the sewage of towns, the recent sewage treatment 30000 m³, long-term daily treatment 50000 m³ .
Site is located 5 km southeast of the city of Xuanhua District, covering 65.2 acres; at the same time supporting the construction of one or two 25.8 km sewage pipe network, mainly East River and KSL intercepting pipes and part of the old city pipe network. Since the wastewater treatment plant self-running, stable operation, 16,000 tons of water into the stage day, the pollutant index COD, NH3-N and so have to meet emission standards.
A sewage treatment industrial processes
(1) between the coarse grid
Coarse grid in the water before pumping stations, sewage into the plant to remove larger particles of impurities, safe and stable operation of the pump intake. The design flow is 3325m3 / h, the
main equipment within this structure there are rotary grill.
(2) water pumping station
Advantages of sewage from between the coarse grid to flow out into the water pumping stations, pumping stations simple and compact structure, the selection of sewage submersible centrifugal pumps, according to the staff said that the pump has not plug-type runner, low efficiency and high energy consumption, while the effective treatment of sewage also saves resources, and its design flow of 3325m3 / h. After the initial treatment of sewage pumped into the fine grid between. (3) between the fine grid
Fine grid in the room equipped with a mechanical fine grid, auger compactors and other equipment used to handle small particles of garbage, which was filtered out of the garbage landfill loading uniform to a specified location; which is still inside the bacteria at the same time denitrification, nitrification produce mutual foam product, followed by precipitation of particles blowing blower to prevent the accumulation of sand, so to dispose of the soil and sand. The design flow is 3325m3 / h.
(4) cyclone grit chamber
The main device is a cyclone grit chamber sand-water separator, the advantage of small size, grit effective, easy to install and so on. Design Flow 3325 m3 / h grit chamber diameter 4.2m, depth of 4m.
(5) metering equipment
There are many instruments after grit chamber, an electromagnetic flowmeter after grit chamber, sewage flow into the plant can be continuously monitored, and set water quality monitoring instruments, such as PH meter, thermometer, SS meter, the signal transmitted to the central control measure room, to prevent any flaws in.
(6) Select the anaerobic pond
Anaerobic outdoor pool has a slow-moving selection submersible mixer, return sludge and sewage tank in contact with mixed reactions, can achieve part of the role of phosphorus, and improve the properties of the activated sludge, but also the separation of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria bacteria. Design flow 1250m3 / h, pool effective volume 3925 m3 / h.
(7) Orbal oxidation ditch
Aubert oxidation ditch, it is elliptical reinforced concrete pool, divided into two. Each pool is divided into three annular channel, turn sewage into the outer channel, the channel and inside the channel, and finally by the center of the island and into the sedimentation tank with water wells. Design flow 1250m3 / h, every seat effective volume 11000m3, the mixture concentration 4.5 g / l, the design depth of 4.2m, HRT 17.6h.
Aubert and oxidation ditch is a core part of the entire processing system, its main function is to make the cultivation of domesticated activated sludge degradation, adsorption, aggregation of organic matter, and through the action of bacteria so that the suspended particles and dissolved particles tend to precipitate, resorted to water The organic content is reduced.
Each seat is installed oxidation ditch aeration plate spinning disc 10 sets, outside the channel dissolved oxygen control in 0.5mg / l, in the meantime oxidation, nitrification and denitrification. The intermediate channel and an outer channel dissolved oxygen controlled at 1mg / l and 2mg / l, of organic matter in sewage further oxidation, to ensure the organic content of the effluent to meet the design requirements.
(8) sedimentation
Water will be discharged into the oxidation ditch treatment after sedimentation tanks, sedimentation tanks using radial flow sedimentation tank, water center, surrounded by water, the diameter D = 38m, a total of two. Set with wells located two blocks, through contact with sewage into the pool after precipitation. Each seat settling ponds located around the drive full-bridge scraping suction machine, sedimentation tank sludge and sludge pumping station to reflux. Design flow 1813m3 / h, maximum surface load 0.8 m3 / m2.h, single-cell pool depth of 4m, the residence time of 4.3h.
(9) contact tank
To ensure the cleanliness of the water due to the standards required to be disinfected so, it set up contact with the cell holder 1: 1813 m3 / h flow rate, contact time 30min, effective contact volume 1056 m3, the effective depth of 4m. This project uses chlorine dioxide disinfection, contact tank responsible for wastewater effluent chlorination. Chlorine dosing point sewage pond in the front contact. Design reflux 1813 m3 / h, the average amount of chlorine 8 mg / l, a single effective yield chlorine 7.5kg / h.
(10) reflux and sludge pumping station
As part of the water will precipitate some sludge, so the return sludge pump submersible pump, to enhance the use of sludge submersible centrifugal pumps, construction simple and compact structure. Return sludge volume 1250 m3 / h, the sludge moisture content 99. 1%.
(11) between chlorination
This project uses chlorine dioxide disinfection, contact tank responsible for wastewater effluent chlorination. Chlorine dosing point sewage pond in the front contact. Design reflux 1813 m3 / h, the average amount of chlorine 8 mg / l, a single effective yield chlorine 7.5kg / h.
Second, the significance of the sewage treatment
With the development of urban water shortages increasing pressure to pursue the root causes of urban water crisis, it is increasingly recognized that community water cycle beyond the natural cycle of water can carry a range. Therefore, only full respect for the natural movement of water, the rational use of water resources, making water recycling upstream region does not affect the function of water downstream waters, without prejudice to the objective laws of social cycle natural circulation, thereby maintaining or restoring good water environment and the watershed of the city, The effective way is the sustainable use of water resources which requires us from "water - water discharge - - user" into open water unidirectional mode is "sparingly water - water - user - recycled water" feedback circulation processes, improve water use efficiency. achieve this major shift patterns of water use and enhance wastewater reuse is the key. With the advancement of science and technology, urban sewage is no longer a waste, but a valuable resource. Since is a resource, it is necessary to maximize the utilization. improve urban sewage recycling rate, one can reduce pollutant emissions, and second, to save the limited water resources. Water Division of Water Resources Deputy Director Xiao-ice from Tsinghua Speaking on the university and China Water Network's "2022 Urban Water Sector Strategy Forum", he pointed out that the shortage of water resources in China, urban water shortages highlight, wastewater treatment and reuse is a strategic choice, significant urban wastewater treatment and reuse in Alternative sources of clean water while reducing emissions, reducing the city sewage load, with water stability, water a short distance, low cost of water can provide a safe and reliable alternative water sources, is a strategic choice to solve the city's water shortage Propulsion wastewater treatment and reuse work fully reflects the scientific concept of development is about people's demands, reflecting the urgent
desire of the masses, is to promote the urbanization objective need, is an important means to achieve rational allocation of water, scientific conservation, recycling for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society of great significance to China's fast economic growth is significant.
Third, there is a problem
(A) environmental health infrastructure is weak. Distribution network extends to rural areas has just started, Xuanhua District sewer pipe network has not yet formed.
(B) the local municipal wastewater treatment system is still in the development stage.
(C) poor awareness of environmental protection, do not know the relationship between conservation and sustainable development of resources, lack of initiative to curb environmental pollution to the environment "dirty, chaotic, and poor" phenomenon for granted, turn a blind eye. Therefore, the existence of the phenomenon are still natural emissions.
Fourth, the problem of reason
After my research and ask our staff to blame for urban sewage treatment and disposal difficult for many reasons, including:
(A) re-development, light environment. After the first few companies in the development of the concept of governance is still the dominant idea in economic construction, caught in the process of industrial development, sewage treatment is lagging behind.
(B) the publicity is not in place. Propaganda of the government and the society is not in place, people are not aware of the difficulty of sewage treatment, water waste.
(C) supervision flawed. There are omissions surveillance departments, resulting in people taking advantage of a loophole, causing water pollution.
Construction funds (four) of urban sewage treatment facilities gap larger. Urban sewage treatment facilities are public projects, public financial investment is very limited, leading to the sewage treatment plant equipment behind, low processing efficiency.
(E) the appropriate punishment laws is inadequate. Strict punishment is not enough cause many companies ignore the law and regulations, after the punishment is still its own way, can not completely solve the problem of environmental pollution.
(Vi) lack of appropriate methods and incentives to report, citizen participation enterprise reporting pollution are not enthusiastic.
Fifth, make recommendations
To solve these problems we propose some suggestions:
1. force businesses to set up environmental monitoring department of the enterprise for the detection and assessment of environmental pollution.
2. increase government funding to further improve the sewage disposal sites in line with national standards.
3. Learn the advanced wastewater treatment technology, the introduction of foreign advanced sewage treatment equipment to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment and disposal.
4. to build waste water treatment facilities, the construction of multi-financing platform to solve the financial problems of sewage treatment plants.
5. Establish and improve environmental sanitation in the laws, regulations and punishment measures, so that government law, the production heart and fear.
6. Government to strengthen the social and civic education and promotion of water-saving and
environmentally friendly, water-saving society from every citizen to start saving in order to achieve the best results.
7. The government set up the appropriate reporting department and reward measures to increase citizen participation in social monitoring initiative.
8. Trial of urban residents living water emissions charges measures in order to enhance awareness of water conservation residents.
Six sewage treatment survey feelings
Through this investigation, I learned a lot about their own professional knowledge, but many are less than the classroom. I myself have a new professional knowledge and understanding. The future direction of their work have a preliminary understanding. In this survey, I encountered many difficulties, but I try to overcome. Throughout the process, I learned how to communicate with people and communication, but also learned how to solve problems independently.
In this investigation, I learned that sewage treatment is a comprehensive technical energy intensive. Over the years, energy consumption, operating costs hindered the construction of urban sewage treatment plants to some extent high, built of some treatment plants is also due to the reason in the cut consumption and semi-shutdown state. In the future for a long period of time, energy issues will become the bottleneck of urban sewage treatment. Can solve the energy consumption of the wastewater treatment plant problems, make reasonable energy distribution, sewage treatment plant has been decided to run benefit the quality of the key factors. Energy consumption is low, the decisive factor is the future of a new sewage treatment plant feasibility analysis, develop a high energy efficiency of sewage treatment technology, reasonable design and operation of sewage treatment plants, sewage treatment plants is bound to be the future design and operation of the only way. To this end, the implementation of the sewage treatment plant management model innovation may well be a feasible way.
Water is an indispensable part, is a necessary condition for human survival. Ours is a shortage of water resources at national, regional water shortage is particularly prominent. With the rapid economic development and urbanization, and water pollution problems are more serious. Strengthen and improve urban water supply, water conservation and water pollution control work to promote sustainable economic and social development, to maintain ecological balance, has become an important measure of social development, but also the obligation of every citizen, as a university students, we should start from ourselves, from scratch.。