2020年高考英语分类集训——阅读理解(一)

2020年高考英语分类集训——阅读理解（一）
第二部分阅读理解（共两节）
第一节（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A. B. C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项.
（I）
Academic Honesty
This course's philosophy on academic honesty is best stated as "be reasonable．The course recognizes that interactions with classmates and others can facilitate mastery of the course's material．However，there remains a line between gaining the help of another and submitting the work or another．
Assessment
Your work on this writing task will be evaluated along three axes primarily．
1．Scope
To what extent does your submission agree with the requirements of the specification？
2．Correctness
To what extent is your submission correct and free of factual errors？
3．Style
To what extent is your submission readable （i．e．，thoughtfully organized，coherent，words properly spelled）？
To obtain a passing grade in this course，all students must ordinarily submit all assigned tasks unless granted an exception in writing by the instructor．
How to Submit．
1．Step 1 of 3
Go to https：∥github．com/submit50/USERNAME，substituting USERNAME in the URL with your own GitHub username．On the left side of the screen，click on "Branch：master"．In the field that says "Find or create a branch…"，type cs50/2017/ap/defender and click "Create branch"．
2．Step 2 of 3
Click the button that says "Upload files"．Drag your*（doe，docx．pd．cxt）file into
the box that says "Drag files here"．
3．Step 3 of 3
Click the green "Commit changes" button and you're done．
If you run into any trouble，email sysadmins@cs50．harvard．edu!
You may resubmit any problem as many times as you'd like before the deadline．
Your submission should be graded for correctness within 2 minutes，at which point your score will appear at cs50．me!
（1）The assignment is graded by the following aspects except．
A．agreements with the requirements
B．length of the passage
C．words properly spelled
D．correctness of the facts，
（2）What can we learn from the passage？
A．Any problem can't be submitted before the deadline
B．All assigned tasks must be submitted to pass the exam
C．Discussion with your classmates is forbidden in this course
D．Owning a GitHub username is a must when submitting the assignment
（3）What is the purpose of this passage？
A．To introduce the writing task to the learners
B．To advertise the writing course to the learners
C．To emphasize the importance of academic honesty
D．To inform the readers of some rules about writing assignments
（II）
The story from my last issue of Power & Presence drew comments from several readers．Most of them went something like "I wish I could have the degree of control over my life that you apparently do．"I want to say，I wish I had the degree of control over my life that it apparently looks like I have．
Earlier this summer，several of my 20−something neighbors who had a long and lively conversation in their backyard，which lies just beneath our bedroom window−wide open on this
particular warmish night．The conversation included drinks of one type or another，the containers for which，when emptied，got thrown loudly into a dustbin．The absurd took place between 2：
30 and 3:30 a．m．
I debated for a while whether I should get up，dress，go next door，and have a conversation of my own．After tossing（扔硬币决定）and turning for about 15 minutes，I decided to communicate through my open window，I got up．and−in a fairly centered way，called out，"Quiet，please．"They heard me，I think，since their voice quieted a bit，and the cans were thrown with less energy．
But the damage was done．I tossed and turned for another half hour but couldn't find my way back to sleep．I got up，walked the house，and finally noticed light dawning and birds singing around 4:45．I lay down again and dozed（小）on and off between 5 and 8，and eventually got out of bed to face the day，tired．
I talked to my husband that I honored my feelings．I even appreciated my neighbors' stupidity．I mean they are young adults having a mid−night summer outdoor party．I may have done similar stuff at that age．But in spite of my best efforts at reclaiming calmness，I gave myself a hard time about the fact that I had written that story．Here I was having feelings．I can help others better manage their emotions，so why couldn't I manage my own？
I re−read my story．I didn't say I wasn't supposed to have feelings．I said I was supposed to be able to be aware enough to notice them and rids their waves．I said I wanted to make behavior choices based on my instincts（本能）instead of acting out in unconstructive ways．
（1）What do most comments on the author's story suggest？
A．They misunderstand her
B．They disagree with her
C．They envy her self−control
D．They appreciate her story
（2）What mental events can you see in the author's mind during the incident？
A．Anxiety and regret
B．Anger and hesitation
C．Despair and tension
D．Forgiveness and wish
（3）What does the author mean by saying that she even appreciated her neighbors' stupidity？A．It brought back lots of happy memories of her youth
B．It helped her realize the actual existence of stupidity
C．It was a good example to support her idea in the story
D．It reminded her how she should react to such a matter
（4）The underlined phrase "ride their waves" in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to．A．deal with them in a proper way
B．release them fully from my heart
C．hide them from other people
D．promote the exchange of them
（III）
Anger brings people many damages，and the worst is that anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behavior．The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger．Not everyone experiences anger in the same way：what angers one person may amuse another．
The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces．In contemporary culture，physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated．We no longer regard duels（决斗）as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behavior on the part of another．
Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical activity changes．Under most conditions EEG（脑电图）measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal（额叶前部）areas．Behaviorally this corresponds to the general even−handed disposition（意向）that most of us possess most of the time．But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and as a result of this，we are likely to react．And our behavioral response to anger is different from our response to other emotions，whether positive or negative．
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behavior．we move closer to people we
like．Most negative emotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behavior：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious，But anger is an exception to this pattern．The angrier we are，the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger，This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger．This approach−and−confront behavior is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal a symmetry（不对称）of EEG activity，Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy（同情）towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response．In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger−inspiring situation．
（1）The "duels" in Paragraph 2 is an example to show expression of anger．
A．varies from person to person
B．has a biological factor
C．is socially and culturally shaped
D．receives no permission nowadays
（2）What changes can be found in an angry brain？
A．Balanced electrical activity can be found
B．Electrical activity corresponds to disposition
C．The EEG asymmetry is directed to the right
D．Unbalanced patterns are spotted in prefrontal areas，
（3）Which of the following is typical of offensive anger？
A．Approaching the source of anger
B．Moving away from what he dislikes
C．Trying to empathize with the individual
D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger
（4）What is the key message of the last paragraph？
A．Behavioral patterns of anger
B．Behavioral responses to anger
C．How anger relates to other emotions
D．How anger differs from other emotions
（IV）
In the last decade，Artificial Intelligence has gone from a science−fiction dream to a critical part of our everyday lives．We use AI systems to interact with our phones．Cars like Tesla's interpret and analyze their surroundings to intelligently drive themselves，Amazon monitors our browsing habits and intelligently serves us up products it thinks we'd like to buy．Artificially Intelligent algorithms （运算法则）are here but this is only the beginning，because，in the future，Al is going to change everything．But，do we want it to？
Well，what is intelligence？Intelligence collects data about the world and uses that data to make predictions in the short and long term．That applies to both people and machines．So，when we talk about AI in our lives，we're talking about everything，from a computer being able to read a handwritten document，to a robot performing complex surgery on its own．Because the world of AI is incredibly large，let's take a look at some of the most groundbreaking developments．
First，Al systems are already prepared to take over thousands，if not millions，of jobs．Any job that consists of a human taking down information from other humans and inputting it into a system is likely to go obsolete．So，cashiers，receptionists，and bank tellers are all on their way out，even pizza delivery．Factories are also becoming fully automated．So，many jobs are threatened by rapidly improving new algorithms that can gather information and deliver it faster and more accurately．
But as society changes to accommodate in all machine service world，it'll also open up new Jobs for the next generation：writing software，repairing and maintaining robots，and developing new and better systems．Most notably，machines are also ready to take over dangerous jobs．Firefighting，mining．deep−sea oil drilling，and other careers with high mortality rates will be replaced．
As we develop better AI，we're discovering that it cannot just replace human labor but also think in ways that humans can．Algorithms are going to change every avenue of society，starting from something small，like optimizing traffic patterns over time，to something much more serious，like monitoring epidemics and stopping them before they spread Machine learning has even shown to analyze human behavior and predict warning signs，by recognizing common language used by people，like sexual predators or terrorists，and alerting law enforcement to
take action．
While we may hope that AI will help advance our society，it may just end up working to benefit the tech industry，and only those who can afford to take advantage of cheaper，smarter human replacements．
（1）The first paragraph is intended to．
A．display the achievement of artificial intelligence
B．introduce the topic of artificial intelligence and its impact
C．attract people's attention to the service of Tesla and Amazon
D．compare the difference between artificial intelligence and real life
（2）What does the underlined word "obsolete" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？A．simple
B．wild
C．out of control
D．out of date
（3）Which of the following will the author agree with？
A．All dangerous jobs with high mortality rates are on the way to be replaced
B．A robot can perform a complex operation on cancer patient independently
C．People are eagerly looking forward to the changes brought by artificial intelligence D．Artificial intelligence can help arrest criminals by analyzing their behavior and language （4）What is the most suitable title for the text？
A．How Artificial Intelligence Will Change the World，for Better or Worse B．Unfavorable Impact Brought by Artificial Intelligence Are Not Welcome
C．What the Future of Artificial Intelligence Holds Is Beyond Doubt
D．Artificial Intelligence Transforms Our Life into a Better World
第二节（满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中迭出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 选项中有两项为多余选项.
A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that frequently eating alone may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices．（1）
For children，eating with their families is nod only about preventing bad outcomes−it is also
about developing good ones．（2）Experts say that these studies do not seem to prove a cause−and−effect relationship．However，they do suggest a strong correlation．In 2014，the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD）looked at data from nearly thre e−quarters of the world's countries．Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school．（3）That was a finding of a study by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse （CASA）at Columbia University in New York．In a report，researchers said that "teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what's going on in their lives．"
Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long−term physical and mental health benefits．（4）G．These children also seemed to have better social skills and self−reported that they were less aggressive．Linda Pagani，one researcher of the study，says that there is "a handful of research suggesting a positive link between eating family meals together frequently and child and teenagers*health．" She stresses that mealtimes shared with parents "likely provide young children with firsthand social interaction，discussions of social issues and day−to−day concerns．"（5）
A．So researchers should attach much significance to the gathering of mealtime between parents B．Specifically，the study found that men who ate alone mare than twice a week had a greater risk of sufferings
C．She adds that they may likely help the children have better communication skills with others D．Several studies have looked at the long−tern effects eating with families has on a child E．These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks F．Studies like this have been conducted in other 22 countries during the past decade G．Children falling in this category were also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol
参考答案
第一节（I）BDD （II）CBDA （III）CBAD （IV）BDAA 第二节BDGEC。