中考英语二轮复习——第1讲、简单句、并列句、复合句(讲义)

中考英语二轮复习——第1讲、简单句、并列句、复合句（讲义） 中考二轮复习——第1讲、简单句、并列句、复合句（讲义）
【知识点睛】 一、句子分类
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⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩⎩ 、、、　按分 句子按分 、、　
二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 陈述句：用于说明事实或说话人的看法 疑问句：用于提问
祈使句：用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等 感叹句：用于表达强烈的感情
（一）陈述句
有肯定和否定两种形式，多以句号结尾，读降调。

陈述句的否定式：
1.be 的否定式（be 作系动词和助动词）
2.助动词、情态动词的否定式
3.除not 外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句 1)用no 表示，no = not any/a
2)never 从不，决不，永不 seldom 很少 hardly 几乎不 3)little, few 几乎没有 4)no one/nobody 没有人 5)nothing 什么也没有
6)neither of…没有什么(两者都不)；none of…没有任何，什么都没有(三者或三者以上都不)
7)too…to…太……以至于不能……
（二）疑问句 1. 一般疑问句
（1）用什么词提问，用什么词回答。

—Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗？
—Yes, I am. 是的，我是。

/—No, I’m not. 不，我不是。

（2）否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。

（注意yes/no的翻译）—Don’t you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看电视吗？
—Yes, I do. 不，我看电视。

/—No, I don’t. 是的，我不看电视。

（3）用其他词语代替yes/no，使语气更客气、委婉。

—Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗？
—I’m afraid not. I have much homework to do. 恐怕不行，我有很多作业要做。

2. 特殊疑问句
用特殊疑问词来引导，不用________回答。

特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。

（1）疑问代词：what, who, which, whose, whom
（2）疑问副词：when, where, why, how（对状语进行提问）
（3）疑问词组：how soon, how long, how far, how often等
（4）否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告、建议、责备等意味。

Why don’t you come here?
= Why not come here?
3. 选择疑问句
提出两种或以上的情况要对方选择，不能用________回答，要用完整的句子或其省略形式。

（1）一般选择疑问句句式
—Do you like tea or coffee?
—I like tea.
（2）特殊选择疑问句句式
—Which do you like better, tea or coffee?
—I prefer tea.
4. 反意疑问句
（1）结构：“陈述部分，简短问句？”
（2）原则：_______________，______________
（3）三步走：
第1步将陈述部分变成一般疑问句
第2步提取“助动词(或be动词)+主语”，当主语为名词时，要变为代词
第3步前肯后否，前否后肯（能缩就缩）
（4）回答：实事求是
【翻译】
——Lucy从不早起，是吗？
——是的，她从不早起。

/不，她有时候早起。

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（三）祈使句
特征：以____________开头，省略第二人称主语_______；若要表示礼貌，可以加上语气词___________。

肯定式否定式特殊式
Stand up! Don’t stand up! No smoking/parking!
Be quiet! Don’t be noisy! No photos! Let him in! Don’t let him in!
（四）感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊感情的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。

感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what或how引导的句子，句末常用“!”。

Great!
A good job!
_______________________________
What a good day (it is)!
What terrible weather (it is)!
What smart students (they are)!
_______________________________
How terrible (the weather is)!
How smart (the students are)!
How fast he runs!
【填空】
___________ tall the boy is!
___________ lovely children!
___________ useful book it is!
___________ exciting news!
三、简单句、并列句、复合句
简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。

I am a student.
Lily and Lucy are twins.
He went up to the door, opened it and entered.
She will go there either this week or next week.
并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or 等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。

He did the work and he did it well. I like music, but I don’t like this song. Either you leave, or Tom leaves.
复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。

Do you know where my bike is?
John fell asleep while he was listening to the music. That is the woman I met yesterday. （一）常见句子成分
主语： 句子所要说的人或物；通常由名词或代词担任 谓语： 说明主语的动作或状态；由主动词充当
宾语： 及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任
表语： 在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当 定语： 修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任 状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任 宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任 同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况 （二）简单句五大基本句型
主系表 / 主谓(vi.) / 主谓(vt.)宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾补 （三）连词
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连接词与词或短语与短语表表连接简单句与简单句表连词表连接主句与从句 四、三大从句 （一）宾语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。

We know Jack is a lazy student. We are talking about whether it’s a cat . He is unhappy that he didn ’t pass the exam.
分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句 三要素：________、________、________
连接词
_______ (可省略) _______________ _______________
宾语从句：陈述句 宾语从句：一般疑问句 宾语从句：特殊疑问句
【难点1】只用连接词whether 的情况
I’m thinking about __________ I should see the film. I haven’t decided __________ to go to the cinema. I’m not sure __________ or not it’s worth seeing the film. 结论：________________________________________
【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子 Who broke the window? What happened last night? What ’s the matter/the trouble? What ’s up/wrong?
When will we meet?
【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换
I don’t know what I can/should do next. = I don’t know what to do nex t.
He couldn’t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldn’t decide which one to buy. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _________________________? 结论：
1. 当主句的________与从句的________一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn 等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。

2. 当主句谓语是ask, tell, show, teach 等________动词时，且主句的______________和从句的________一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。

（二）状语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。

The bus had left when we arrived at the station.
分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句 目的状语从句，比较状语从句 各类状语从句连词：
语序 _________语序 时态
I wonder _____________________. Miss Li said that the earth ________ (be) round.
_______________ _______________ _______________
【难点1】when, while, as的区别
when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可__________发生或__________发生
while：只表一段时间；前后动作__________发生，while后加__________动词(或表状态) as：前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”
Give this bike to Mary __________ she comes next week.
Return the book to Lily __________ you have finished reading it.
I was doing my homework _________ my mother came in.
You must be quiet __________ Kate is doing her homework.
__________ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk.
She did sports ________ she listened to music.
【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别
1)because “________” (从属连词) 指直接原因，语气最强。

I did that because she told me to.
2)since “________”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱。

Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone else for help.
3)as “________” (从属连词) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱。

As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
4)for “________”(________连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句。

It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象
在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当主句是____________或____________或____________的句子时，从句要用_____________代替将来。

Don’t point at others with your chopsticks when you _______ (eat).
The boy is very careful when he _______ (cross) the road.
You can realize your dream as long as you ________ (not) give up.
Whatever you _______ (do), wherever you ________ (go), I will be here waiting for you.
注意：主将从现只是一种语法现象，只有“主将”，才有“从现”。

时间、条件、让步状语从句还可以使用其他的很多时态。

（三）定语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当定语的句子。

A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.
结构：
1)当先行词是________时，如：all, none, something, everything, anything, nothing, the one等，关系词用that
Is this school the one that you graduated from?
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
2)当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好), the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时，关系词用that
This is the very bus _______ I am waiting for.
3)当先行词既有______又有______时
I never forget the school and the people that I visited in Shanghai.
4)当先行词被_______或_______修饰时
This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
5)who或which引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that
Who is the girl _______ is crying sadly?
【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?
1)I will never forget the days __________ we spent together.
2)I will never forget the days __________ I was in primary school.
3)This is the school __________ I often pay a visit to.
4)This is the school __________ that teacher once worked.
【精讲精练】
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析成分
1.He often drew pictures on the floor with chalk and when his mother saw what he had done, she would quickly clean them with a mop.
2.He searched out the farmer whom the king had spoken to and asked him the answer to the riddle.
3.Some scientists wonder what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used.
二、填空题
A: 根据汉语提示及句意完成句子
1.2.3.4.My sister is too young to go to school, ____________?
5.Nancy, sweep the classroom, ____________?
6.I don’t think she will a gree with me, ____________?
7.You had better stay at home, ____________?
8.—Mr. Li’s never been to Canada, has he?
—______, ___________. He went there on business last week.
B: 根据句意，用适当的连词或关系词或连接词填空
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Work hard, ________ you’ll pass the test easily.
10.This is the best book _______ I have ever read.
11.________ it rains heavily, no one is late for the class.
12.You won’t catch the bus ________ you leave immediately.
13.The population of China is larger ________ that of America.
14.He wonders ________ his English teacher can come today.
15.不但所有的学生而且他们的英语老师都已读了这本故事书。

________ ________ all the pupils ________ ________ their English teacher ________ ________ the storybook.
三、单项选择
( )1.( )2.( )3.( )4.( )5.( )6.( )7.( )8.( )9.( )10.( )11.( )12.( )13.( )14.( )15.( )16.—_______ is it from the New Town to the old city center?
—Less than 30 minutes by underground.
A. How soon
B. How often
C. How long
D. How far
( )17.David, _______, or you will get heavier.
A. doesn’t play sports any more
B. doesn’t eat so much meat
C. don’t play sports any more
D. don’t eat so much meat
( )18.—Listen! Someone is playing the piano.
—Wow! _______ beautiful music! I like it very much.
A. What
B. How a
C. What a
D. How ( )19.The war was over about three months ago, _______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
( )20.—Dad, please tell me when Mum ______. I miss her very much.
—She will return when she ______ her task. And she will bring a nice present for you.
A. returns; finishes
B. returns; will finish
C. will return; finishes
D. will return; will finish
( )21.The environment will be worse and worse _______ we take steps to protect it right away.
A. unless
B. although
C. while
D. but
( )22._______ she was tired, ______ she didn’t stop to have a rest.
A. /; so
B. Although; /
C. Although; but
D. Because; so
( )23.I still remember the college and the teachers _______ I visited in London years ago.
A. what
B. who
C. that
D. which
( )24.Franklin told them all _______ to be in Britain again.
A. how happy was he
B. how happy he was
C. how was he happy
D. how he was happy
( )25.—Tell me ______.
—Well, it is like…
A. what is wrong with it
B. what is it
C. what is it like
D. what the matter is with it
【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
一、句子分类
按功能分：陈述句；疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)；
祈使句；感叹句
按结构分：简单句；并列句；复合句(名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句)
二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
（二）疑问句
2. 特殊疑问句
yes/no
3. 选择疑问句
yes/no
4. 反意疑问句
(2) 前肯后否；前否后肯
【翻译】—Lucy never gets up early, does she?
—No, she does n’t. / Yes, she does.
（三）祈使句
动词原形；you；please
（四）感叹句
What + (a/an) + adj. + n.+ (subject + v.)!
How + adj./adv. + (subject + v.)!
【填空】How；What；What a；What
三、简单句、并列句、复合句
（三）连词
并列连词：简单句；并列句[顺承、并列关系(and, both…and, as well as, not only…
but also…)，转折关系(but)，选择关系(or, either…or…, neither…nor…)，
因果关系(so, for)
从属连词：复合句（引导名词性从句的从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引
导定语从句的从属连词）
四、三大从句
（一）宾语从句
三要素：连接词、语序、时态
连接词：that；whether/if；what/when/where/which/who/how
语序：陈述
时态：主现从任；主过从过；客观事实/真理用一现，is
【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况
whether；whether；whether
结论：前有介词狼，后有不定虎，后有or not，用whether。

【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子
前四个特殊疑问句都是陈述语序，不用变；最后一个特殊疑问句放在宾语的位置
需变成陈述语序when we will meet。

【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换
how to get to the zoo；主语；主语；双宾；宾语；主语
（二）状语从句
时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, until, not…until, as soon as, since…
条件状语从句if, unless, as long as, so long as…
让步状语从句although, though, even if, even though, whatever, whenever, wherever…
原因状语从句because, since, as…
结果状语从句so…that…, such…that…
目的状语从句so that…, in order that…
比较状语从句as…as…, not so/as…as…, than…
【难点1】when，while，as的区别
同时；先后；同时；延续性；when；when；when；while；while；as
【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别
1）因为2）既然，因为3）由于、鉴于4）因为、由于；并列
【难点3】“主将从现”现象
一般将来时；祈使句；含情态动词；一般现在时；eat；crosses；don’t；do；go
（三）定语从句
人；who；主语、宾语、表语
人；whom；宾语
物；which；主语、宾语、表语
人/物；that；主语、宾语、表语
人/物；whose；定语
原因(n.)；why；状语
地点(n.)；where；状语
时间(n.)；when；状语
【难点1】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况
1）不定代词2）that 3）人；物4）最高级；序数词
5）that
【难点2】当先行词是时间/地点时，用关系副词when/where，还是关系代词which/that?
1）which/that 2）when 3）which/that 4）where
【精讲精练】
一、1. 并列句（由简单句+and+复合句构成）
简单句：主语：he 谓语：drew 宾语：pictures 状语：often，on the floor，with chalk
复合句：主句：she would quickly clean them with a mop
（主语：she (复合)谓语：would clean 宾语：them
状语：quickly，with a mop）
时间状语从句：when his mother saw what he had done
（主语：his mother 谓语：saw 宾语：what he had done）
2. 简单句（由并列谓语构成该句的两个部分，第一部分有定语从句修饰）
主句：He searched out the farmer and asked him the answer to the riddle.
（主语：he 谓语：search out，asked 宾语：the farmer，him (直接宾语)，
the answer to the riddle (间接宾语)）
定语从句：whom the king had spoken to
（主语：the king 谓语：had spoken to 宾语：whom）
3. 复合句
主句：Some students wonder…
（主语：some students 谓语：wonder）
宾语从句：what would happen if the heat from the computer could be used. (复合句)
主句：what would happen
（主语：what (复合)谓语：would happen）
条件状语从句：if the heat from the computer could be used
（主语：the heat (复合)谓语：could be used 定语：from the computer）
二、4. is she 5. won’t you/will you 6. will she 7. hadn’t you 8. Yes；he has
9. and 10. that 11. Though/Although 12. unless
13. than 14. whether/if 15. Not only；but also；has read
三、16—20：DDACC 21—25：ABCBA
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jack 给你写邮件表达了想参加你校暑期为外国学生举办的汉语夏令营的愿望，希望你告知活动举办的具体时间地点，活动安排以及你的建议。

提示词语： Chinese classes, learn, attend, culture, prepare
提示问题：● When and where will the Chinese Summer Camp be held?
● What activities will be held at the Chinese Summer Camp?
● What is your advice for Jack?
Dear Jack,
I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in our
school this summer holiday .
.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jack,
I am very glad to know that you are interested in the Chinese Summer Camp in our school this summer holiday.
The Chinese Summer Camp will be held in our school from July 10th to July 30th this summer. The activities of this Chinese Summer Camp are as follows:
First, you will attend Chinese classes, learning the meaning of Chinese characters.
Second, you will take part in different parties, knowing the history of China and Chinese culture, especially Chinese holidays, which will impress you deeply.
What’s more, you will have chances to visit some museums and the Great Wall. What you should prepare is a pair of shoes for the visit.
If you have any questions, please tell me. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua 【解析】
【详解】
1.题干解读：这是一篇提纲类书面表达，只给了一些要点提示，但都不很明确。

学生除了要把所给要点提示都表达出来外，还要进行适当拓展，使文章内容充实。

2.例文点评：该题要求写作体裁为书信格式，所以例文用第一人称I进行写作，在文章结尾也按照标准书信格式进行了收尾。

文章时态用一般现在时和一般将来时。

文章条理分明，三个要点提示都已表达清楚，并进行了适当拓展，所给单词也都全部用上。

3.高分亮点：
短语：as follows，take part in，What’s more，look forward to。

句型：被动句型，现在分词作状语，主语从句。

3．假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友Bill给你发了一封电子邮件, 想了解你的梦想职业。

请认真阅读下面的邮件, 根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。

要求:1. 参考提示语, 可适当发挥；
2. 语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整；
3. 文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；
4.词数: 不少于70词（开头已给出, 但不计入总词数）。

Dear Bill,
Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. ____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my dream job because I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on well with children. Besides, the school's environment appeals to me and staying with students helps to keep me young and alive. To realize my dream, I have to make full use of spare time to acquire the essential knowledge and enter a good university. What efforts are you making for your dream?
Tell me about your ideal job!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本题通过描写梦想中的职业，让学生对未来有憧憬，给一部分提示词，让学生有话可说。

【详解】
首先回答职业是教师。

然后解释为什么喜欢该工作，因为可以把自己的知识分享给孩子们，并且喜欢学校的环境。

为了实现自己的梦想，正在为此作出努力。

最后向Bill提出问
题，结束全文。

【点睛】
本文首先开篇功能句Thank you for your letter.然后开始主要内容，运用多种连接词，比如because，Besides，To realize my dream, 等使文章连贯性强，长短句结合，读起来朗朗上口，不失为一篇佳作。

4．假设你是来自中国的中学生李华,打算参加当地组织的国外冬令营,看完了这个网页后,你打算给Liz Payne留言,表达你在冬令营期间想去London Canal Museum参观的愿望。

内容包括：
1.简单介绍自己；
2.留言目的(包含冬令营的时间,听Liz Payne的讲座)；
3.预期收获。

作文要求：
1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名；
2.语句连贯,词数80个左右。

作文的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数,也不必抄写在答题卡上。

Dear Liz Payne,
I’m Li Hua,
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua 【答案】Dear Liz Payne,
I’m Li Hua, a middle school student learning in Grade 3 in China. I’m writing to tell you that our city will have a Winter Camp during this winter vacation. I hope to have a chance to visit London Canal Museum. From , I know you will have a report “An Update on the Cotswold Canals”February 6th, which will happen during the same period of our Winter Camp. And I also hope to listen to your talk so that I can know more about the Stroudwater Canal, the Thames and Severn Canal. What’s more, I hope to learn more about London Canal Museum and even more about the UK.
I’m looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua 【解析】
这篇作文要求我们以中学生李华的身份，给Liz Payne写一个留言。

文章内容主要包括三个部分：首先是介绍自己的身份；然后写留言的目的，包括冬令营的时间、想要去参观London Canal Museum以及听Liz Payne的讲座；最后简单介绍一下你的预期的收获。

写作时，应根据题目的这些要求，组织语言，串联成一篇短文。

通过分析可知，这篇短文应使用第一人称I来叙述，时态应以一般将来时态和一般现在时为主。

注意英语句子的表达和
汉语习惯是不同的，不能逐词翻译，而应从句子的整体考虑，使用正确的句式结构以及适当的词汇、短语和句型，保证句子的准确性和语言的地道。

另外还应注意语句之间使用恰当的连接成分，使文意连贯。

穿插一些高级词汇和复杂句式，提升文章档次和水平，使表达更加流畅。

点睛：这是一篇优秀的作文。

首先短文内容完整，包含了题目要求的所有信息，没有遗漏要点。

作者主要从三个方面叙述：首先介绍了自己的身份和写留言的目的；接下来详细介绍了自己参加这次冬令营的愿望；最后是一个简单的结尾。

如果分段叙述效果则会更好，那样会使文章的层次更加清晰。

其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，文章以第一人称、一般将来时和一般现在时为主，谓语动词形式准发，语法规范，符合英语句子的表达习惯。

短文以简单句结构为主，也使用了一些复合句和较高级的句型，如I’m writing to tell you that our city will have a Winter Camp during this winter vacation.中使用了宾语从句；From , I know y ou will have a report “An Update on the Cotswold Canals” February 6th, which will happen during the same period of our Winter Camp.中有一个非限制性定语从句；And I also hope to listen to your talk so that I can know more about the Stroudwater Canal, the Thames and Severn Canal.中有一个结果状语从句等。

整篇文章语句通顺、意思连贯、表达流畅。

5．假如你是李雷，你的英国笔友David发邮件向你咨询如何学好汉语。

请根据提示和要求用英语给David回复邮件。

要求：1.除上图所给提示外，再写出两条如何学好汉语的建议；
2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名；
3.字数80词左右。

邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Best wishes.
Yours， Li Lei
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.
It’s a good idea to watch movies. You’ll find it helpful to improve your listening skills. Reading always plays a key role in language learning, so do more reading in your spare time.
In my opinion, you’d better make more Chinese friends. They’ll be glad to lend you a hand and it provides a good chan ce for you to learn about Chinese culture. It’s a wise choice to use your cell phone, which allows you to use apps, QQ or WeChat to learn Chinese.
Practice makes perfect, so do remember to keep practicing every day!
Follow the advice, and I’m sure you can learn Chinese well!
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Lei
【解析】这是一篇提纲作文，让考生给英国笔友David写封回信，就如何才能学好中文给出建议。

这需要我们发挥英语思维，将提供的信息用英语完整流畅的表达出来。

写作需要用第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时，内容要点包括：观看中文电影；阅读；另外至少再写出两条建议，可自由发挥，如：学唱中文歌曲，交中国朋友，利用手机，应用程序，QQ 或微信来学习中文等等。

建议信要写出写信的原因、建议的内容及提出建议的理由和根据，理由要合情合理，语气一定要缓和，因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。

6．书面表达
假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex来信说他要来中国做交换生。

请根据以下信息给Alex写一封回信，介绍一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。

写作要点：
1. 欢迎他来中国。

2. 介绍你的近况：
（1）大多数时间忙于复习备考。

（2）有时在户外做运动。

（3）很少有时间外出娱乐。

3. 给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。

写作要求：
1、不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。

2、可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。

3、字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。

4、至少80词。

Dear Alex，
How are you doing ?_________________________________________________________ Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Ming
【答案】Dear Alex，
How are you doing? You said that you would come to China as an exchange student in your last letter. Welcome to China. You want to know about me. Let me tell you. I have been spending most of my time reviewing for exams these days. Sometimes I do sports outdoors. But I seldom have time to go out for fun.
You said you will worry about how to get along with students when you are in China. In fact, you don’t have to be worried about it. Chinese people are friendly. You should take an active part in
all kinds of activities in school. If your friends have some questions, you should help them. They'll thank you for your help. You can bring some small gifts to your classmates when you are invited to their homes. I hope you can get on well with your classmates.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Ming 【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇书信作文，假如你是李明，你的美国笔友Alex来信说他要来中国做交换生。

请根据以下信息给Alex写一封回信，介绍一下你的近况，并给他一些在中国如何与同学融洽相处的建议。

注意书信的格式。

本文人称主要是第一和第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时。

认为阅读材料，认真审题，确定主题，认真阅读所给提示，所给提示就是本文的提纲要点，根据要点适当发挥，列出提纲。

短文必须包含提示内容，条理清楚，至少80词。

要运用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有连贯性。

写完以后，注意再读一遍，看看有无单词拼写、标点、语法错误（时态、主谓一致等）。

本文提纲：
亲爱的亚历克斯，
你好吗？你在上一封信中说你将作为交换生来中国。

欢迎来到中国。

你想了解我最近忙些什么。

让我告诉你。

这几天我大部分时间都在复习考试。

有时我在户外运动。

但我很少有时间出去玩。

你说你在中国时会担心如何与学生相处。

事实上，你不必担心。

中国人很友好。

你应该积极参加学校的各种活动。

如果你的朋友有问题，你应该帮助他们。

他们会感谢你的帮助。

当你被邀请去他们家时，你可以给你的同学带一些小礼物。

我希望你能和同学们相处得很好。

最美好的祝福！
你的，
李明
【点睛】
书面表达要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

语言要规范，时态运用要正确，叙述清楚条里，学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章的表达更有逻辑性，更富有条理。

注意书写的规范：大小写、标点符号等的正确运用。

注意检查：单词拼写、语法、动词时态、语序、主谓一致等。

写作六步法：1.审题：文体，时态，人称。

2.抓住要点：要点是否齐全，适当补充。

3.扩充句子：通过增加状语，定语，连词，使句子意思饱满充实。

4.连句成文，合理使用连词。

5.改正错误：拼写是否错误，语法时态是否正确，连词是否恰当等。

6.誊写作文：注意书写工整美观整洁。

7．书面表达
近年来，人们非常关注学生的安全。

很多学校为此取消了许多有意义的外出活动，如春。