六年级英语阅读理解解题方法+专项训练练习题(含答案解析)

部编六年级英语阅读理解解题方法
在部编小升初英语考试中，阅读理解是考试中分值比重较大也是必考的一道题目。

阅读理解是英语中词汇、句式、语法的综合运用，是一个比较综合的题目，对所掌握的英语技能的程度要求比较高。

所以在同学们平时的学习中，既要重视对英语基础知识的掌握，又要养成阅读的好习惯，加强练习。

下面是英语阅读理解的解题方法及例题讲解，大家可以看下。

1、当你拿到一篇短文时，先要通读全文。

切记不要一上来就一句一句地看，一句一句一理解，这样做会影响你对整篇文章的理解和认识。

在通读文章的时候如果遇上生词，先不要管它，略过生词继续通读全文。

2、读完第一遍，再从头阅读。

这一遍要注意句式和语法，了解文章内容，特别是事件发生的时间，同时来猜测一下生词的含义。

3、在你读第三遍的时候，要关注文章中提到的人物、时间、地点、发生了什么事等信息。

这样你就可以完全了解文章
一般说来，在练习、考试中完成阅读理解的题目和去阅读一篇文章是有区别的。

在练习、考试中阅读一篇文章更多的是为了完成各种题目，而并非要真正对一篇文章有全面的了解，所以方法上会有一些不同。

1、首先要关注文章的题目，因为题目往往就是文章的中心所在。

2、其次在认读整篇文章后，要关注文章中出现了哪些人物，提到了什么时间，说到了哪个地点，发生了什么事情，这些都是你完成题目的关键信息。

3、第三要看清题目的形式，通常会有3种类型：(1)选择题;(2)判断题;(3)回答问题。

在这三种形式中，相对而言，判断题的难度最小，回答问题的难度比较大。

完成判断题的选择题最为有效的方法，也是同学们使用最多的方法是用题目中的句子去和文章里的原句对照，通过对照进行判断或选择。

在完成回答问题的题目时，先要读懂问句的意思，再从文章中找出相应的内容，在对问题进行笔答时，要注意句式、人称与动词的形式、时态等。

(一) 根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)
此类题目要求快速浏览所给图片和文字，初步把握内容，了解大意;然后细读，抓住主要内容和细节，标出关键词语，以便验证;也可以先浏览题目，明确要求后再看文章，然后做出判断。

这样不但节省时间，提高速度，而且可以抓住重点，做到有的放矢。

1. 阅读短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案，
My Class
I study at Yu Hong Primary School in Guangzhou. I have forty—seven classmates (同学). Twenty —three are boys and twenty—four are girls. Our classroom is a nice one. It’s very big. There are f our windows and two doors in it. We have a big blackboard and a small one. The big one is for ou r teachers and the small one is for us. Mr. Li is our Chine se teacher. He is an old man. We don’t li ke him at all. But Miss Chen, our English teacher, is a young woman. She is very nice. We all like her very much. So we like English the best. We often play basketball with Miss Li.
(1). ( ) I am a______ .
A. student
B. pupil
C. teacher
(2). ( ) There are______ .
A. Forty—eight
B. forty—seven
C. forty—six
(3). ( ) Our classroom is_______ .
A. small
B. old
C. nice
(4). ( ) There is only one_____ in our classroom.
A. blackboard
B. small blackboard
C. big window
(5). ( ) Our favorite subject is ________.
A. Chinese
B. English
C. basketball
2、阅读文章，并判断所给的句子是否与短文的内容相符，如相符，在括号内写“T”，如不符，在括号内写“F”。

There are three children under the tree. They are all my good friends. The boy in black is Tom. Th e girl in pink and the girl in red is Emma.
Tom is in the same class with me. We often play football together. Tom’s mother is a nurse and hi s father is a teacher. Tom wants to be a doctor in the future.
Jane’s mother and my mother work at the same factory. They are also good friends. Jane’s father i s a teacher. He teaches math very well. He is very kind and we all like him.
Emma’s family just moved into the town from countryside. Her farther used to be a farmer. He is now working in a small company. Emma’s mother is a housewife.
( ) (1) There are one boy and two girls under the tree.
( ) (2) There are only two people in Tom’s family.
( ) (3) Tom’s mother is a doctor.
( ) (4) My mother is a worker.
( ) (5) Jane’s father teaches math.
( ) (6) Emma used to live in the town.
( ) (7) Emma’s fat her was a farmer.
(二)根据短文内容选择正确答案。

注重理解整篇短文的内容，在阅读时不要抓住一个单词，一个词组的意思不放，从而影响对整篇文章的理解。

其实有些生词是不影响阅读的，而有些生词是可以根据上下文的意思推敲出来的。

因此，不必把它拿出来单独思考。

然后再在理解的基础上进行分析，通过逻辑思维，做出选择，完成题目。

1. I am Mike. I am a American boy. Now I’m in China. I live in Shanghai. It’s a very beautiful cit y. I study in a school here. I usually go to school by bus. I like playing football very much. I play i t with my friends on the weekends. My mother is a TV reporter. She goes to work by subway. She likes singing very much. She often listens to music on TV. My father is a teacher. He teaches P.E. in a school. He goes to work on foot. He likes art. He often draws pictures on Saturday.
( ) (1) Mike lives in __________ now.
A. Shanghai B: Beijing C: America
( ) (2) Mike is a __________ now.
A. teacher
B. a reporter
C. student
( ) (3) Mike’s hobby is _________________
A. playing football
B. listening to music
C. painting
( ) (4) His father goes to work __________
A. by subway
B. on foot
C. by bus
2、选择填空。

Mike likes to collect stamps. He started this hobby of collecting stamp the year before last. He has stamps from China, France and Japan. But most of his stamps are from China, because he has lots of friends in China.
Mike’s stamps are of various shapes –triangle, square, rectangle and circle. His favorite shape is ci rcle. Mike puts all his shapes in several albums. To increase his collection, Mike sometimes excha nges stamps with his friends.
John is one of his friends, who also like to collect stamps. His stamps are pretty and colorful. John and Mike meet once a week. Each time they meet they will show each other their new collection.
(1) Mike’s hobby is to A. collect stamps B. make friends C. travelling D. keep albums
(2) Most of Mike’s stamps are from
A. Japan
B. France
C. China
D. Not mentioned
(3) Mike has stamps of different shapes.
A. five
B. four
C. three
D. two
(4) John is Mike’s A. father B. neighbor C. classmate D. friend
(5) How often do John and Mike meet?
A. four times a week
B. three times a week
C. twice a week
D. once a week
(三)根据短文内容回答问题。

此类题目是阅读理解中相对而言较复杂的题型，它要求我们在理解的基础上进行分析，并做出合乎情理的解答，且要注意用词和句子结构，要避免语法错误。

1. This is RDZ, the working robot. RDZ lives with the Spacy family in Spaceville(太空村). He hel ps the family with the housework every day. He cleans the house, washes the clothes and dishes. He knows how to cook well. RDZ doesn’t eat normal(普通的) food. He eats tins and watches and he drinks oil. Do Mr. and Mrs. Spacy eat these things? Never.
RDZ often helps Mr and Mrs Spacy’s children with their homework. This year he is teach ing them Space language. The children are very clever.
The Spacy family are holiday on Mars(火星). They will come back home in two days. So RDZ ha s a wonderful time. He won’t clean. He can sit in front of the TV and eat a lot of food.
(1) Where does RDZ live with the Spacy family?
________________________________
(2) What does RDZ eat and drink every day?
____________________________________
(3) Is RDZ teaching Mr. and Mrs. Spacy’s children English?
_________________________
(4) Does RDZ have a wonderful time?
__________________________________________
(5) When will Mr. and Mrs. Spacy be back?
_______________________________________
2. My name is Wang Lin. There are four people in my family. They are my father, my mother, my little brother and I. my father is a teacher. He likes drawing pictures. He works in a school. He go es to work by bus. My mother is a nurse. She likes listening to music. She works in a hospital. She goes to work by bus. My brother is a student. Hw likes watching TV. He goes to work on foot. I li ke playing football. I go to school by bike.
(1) Who works in a school?
_________________________________________________
(2) What does Wang Lin’s mother do?
________________________________________
(3) What does Wang Lin like doing?
_________________________________________
(4) Is Wang Lin’s brother a student?
___________________________________________
(5) Does Wang Lin’s father go to work by bus?
_________________________________
(五)完形填空。

在处理完形填空时，一定要先将文章的大概意思弄懂，然后再考虑用单词的什么形式来填空。

1. One day, Mr. Ampere went out (1) a walk in the street. There (2) a lot of people there. But all th is was (3) to him. He was thinking (4) a maths problem. He had no paper with him. How could he (5) it out?
Just then hw saw a blackboard in front of him. He began to write the (6) with a piece of chalk on it. Then the blackboard moved (7) . he moved with it. But it moved so (8) that he could not catch up with it. He looked (9) and saw the “blackboard” (10) him.
Why? It was the back of a carriage(马车)!
( ) (1) A. to B. by C. for D. with
( ) (2) A. were B. are C. is D. was
( ) (3) A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
( ) (4) A. on B. off C. about D. hard
( ) (5) A. work B. start C, take D. bring
( ) (6) A. word B. start C, take D. bring
( ) (7) A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
( ) (8) A. early B. fast C. slowly D. quietly
( ) (9) A. down B. up C. in D. out
( ) (10) A. behind B. beside C. above D. before
2. Bob thought that he was very clever. He thought that no one could fool(欺骗)him because he (1) too clever. One day he (2) to Dick, the man on watching at the gate:“You (3) fool me. Dick. You (4) too foolish!”
“ (5) here by this gate.” Answered Dick, “I (6) a way to fool you.” then he went home.
Two hours later another young man (7) along.
“Why are you standing here?” he (8) bob.
“ I (9) for Dick, ” answered Bob, “ he is going to try fool me.”
“Dick (10) home. ” said the young man, “ He has already fooled you!”
( ) (1) A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to
( ) (2) A. said B. says C. was saying D. is saying
( ) (3) A. don’t B. didn’t C. can never D. never
( ) (4) A. were B. are C. will be D. was
( ) (5) A. Wait B. Waits C. Waited D. Wait for
( ) (6) A. will find B. found C. find D. founded
( ) (7) A. comes B. came C. had come D. coming
( ) (8) A. asked B. asks C. is asking D. told
( ) (9) A. was waiting B. waited C. am waiting D. were waiting
( ) (10) A. goes B. has gone C. had gone D. went
二、阅读理解
2．阅读理解阅读短文，选择正确答案。

A rich (富有的) man and a poor (穷的) musician (音乐家) lived in the same house. The rich man lived upstairs (楼上)and the poor musician lived downstairs (楼下). The musician liked to sing. But the rich man didn't like to sing, and he liked to sleep.
One day, the rich man said to him, I'll give you a bag of money every day if (假如) you stop singing.
“Fine,” said the musician. So he stopped singing and became a rich man, too. But he wasn't happy, because he wanted to sing again.
At last (最后), the poor musician said to the rich man, “Here's your money.
Get it back. I don't want your money, and I want to sing every day.” He started to sing again and he was happy again.
（1）The rich man and the poor musician lived _____.
A. in different house
B. on different floors
C. in the same room
（2）The rich man liked __________.
A. listening to the musician's songs
B. money
C. to sleep
（3）The rich man gave money to the musician because he wanted him to __________. A. stop singing B. sing for him C. be his good friend
（4）Did the musician want to sing again after he had a lot of money?
A. Yes, he did.
B. No, he didn't.
C. No, he was happy.
（5）Money _______ make (使) the musician happy.
A. can
B. can't
C. isn't
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】大意：一个富人和一个穷音乐家住在同一个屋子里，富人住楼上，穷人住楼下。

音乐家爱唱歌，而富人爱睡觉，不爱唱歌。

一天，富人给了音乐家一袋钱，要求他不能再唱歌。

音乐家虽然富裕了，但是他一点也不开心。

最终把钱还给了富人并继续唱歌。

（1）句意：富人和穷音乐家居住在......。

根据原文The rich man lived upstairs and the poor musician lived downstairs.可知，他们住在不同的楼层。

故答案选：B.
（2）句意：富人喜欢......。

根据原文But the rich man didn't like to sing, and he liked to sleep.可知，富人喜欢睡觉。

故答案选：C.
（3）句意：富人给音乐家钱是因为他想......。

根据原文I'll give you a bag of money every
day if you stop singing.可知，他想音乐家停止唱歌。

故答案选：A.
（4）句意：音乐家拿到钱之后还想唱歌吗？根据原文But he wasn't happy, because he wanted to sing again.可知，他并不高兴，因为他想唱歌。

故答案选：A.
（5）句意：钱不能使音乐家快乐。

根据原文But he wasn't happy, because he wanted to sing again.可知，他并不快乐。

故答案为：B.
【点评】考查阅读理解。

注意通读全文，了解大意，寻找关键单词。

判断正确选项。

3．阅读理解根据短文内容完成下面的表格。

I have many friends, and they have different favourite subjects(科目). John's favourite subject is Computer because he thinks the computer can help him a lot in his study. He is a computer fan (迷). He likes playing computer games very much, and he is good at playing it. Jack likes Art best because he likes drawing (画）pictures very much. Mary likes Chinese best because her father is Chinese. Her father teaches her Chinese at home. She loves China very much, and she wants to know more about China. Bob thinks Maths is very interesting, so he likes Maths best. David likes PE best because he likes doing sports, he is good at playing basketball and football.
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍好朋友们最喜欢的科目及原因。

（1）根据John's favourite subject is Computer because he thinks the computer can help him a lot in his study.可知该空缺少study“学习”，故答案为study。

（2）根据Jack likes Art best because he likes drawing (画）pictures very much. 可知Iack喜欢美术。

故答案为Jack。

（3）根据Mary likes Chinese best because her father is Chinese.可知该空缺少father“父亲”，故答案为father。

（4）根据David likes PE best because he likes doing sports,.可知David喜欢的科目是体育，故答案为PE。

（5）根据he is good at playing basketball and football.可知该空缺少well，do well in在……方面做得好，故答案为well。

【点评】此题目要求快速阅读表格，把握内容、了解大意，然后细致阅读，抓住主要内容和细节，标出关键词，完成题目。

4．阅读理解
During the summer holiday，Alice had a nice trip．First she took a plane from Changchun to
Beijing．She went to the Great Wall．She was very tired．But she was happy．She likes Beijing very much．Then she went to London by plane．She visited Big Ben，the clock tower．There were many museums in London．She learnt a lot there．People in London love eating fish and chips．She stayed in London for 5 days．Then she took a plane to Shanghai．Then she went to Changchun by plane．
根据短文，判断正误。

（1）Alice visited five places during the summer holiday．
（2）Alice visited the Palace Museum．
（3）Alice visited Big Ben in London．
（4）Alice took a train from London to shanghai．
（5）Alice had a nice trip．
【答案】（1）0
（2）0
（3）1
（4）0
（5）1
【解析】【分析】本短文内容主要是关于爱丽丝在暑假旅行的情况。

⑴细节理解. 题意：暑假期间爱丽丝参观了五个地方。

根据短文中语句“ First she took a plane from Changchun to Beijing. Then she went to London by plane. Then she took a plane to Shanghai. Then she w ent to Changchun by plane.”可知爱丽丝参观了三个地方。

这与题意不符，故答案为：错误 .
⑵推理判断. 题意：爱丽丝参观了故宫。

根据短文中语句“She went to the Great Wall．She was very tired．But she was happy．She likes Beijing very much．”可推知爱丽丝没有参观故宫。

这与题意不符，故答案为：错误 .
⑶细节理解. 题意：爱丽丝在伦敦参观大本钟。

根据短文中语句“ Then she went to London by plane．She visited Big Ben，”可知爱丽丝在伦敦参观大本钟。

这与题意相符，故答案为：正确 .
⑷细节理解. 题意：爱丽丝乘火车从伦敦到上海。

根据短文中语句“She stayed in London for
5 days．Then she took a plane to Shanghai．”可知爱丽丝是乘飞机从伦敦到上海的。

这与题意不符，故答案为：错误 .
⑸细节理解. 题意：爱丽丝有个愉快的旅行。

根据短文中语句“Alice had a nice trip”可知爱丽丝有个愉快的旅行。

这与题意相符，故答案为：正确 .
【点评】本题考查对短文细节的识别和推理能力，注意在短文中寻找答案。

5．阅读理解读短文并按要求完成相应任务
Today was the first day of the summer holiday．My friends and I went out together．We went swimming in the swimming pool．We swam for an hour．I did not swim well，but I enjoyed it very much．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．I had a sandwich and some orange
juice．Alice had a hamburger．Jack had a lot of French fries and some cola．We went shopping in a supermarket．I bought a pink dress．Alice bought a pretty hat．Jack did not buy anything． We went home at 3 o'clock in the afternoon．We 、were tired，but we were happy．
（1）写出短文中6个动词的一般过去式。

________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________
（2） The children went to：________
①the swimming pool ②the cinema
③a fast—food restaurant ④a supermarket
（3）They：________
①had breakfast together ②swam for an hour
③had lunch together ④picked apples
⑤bought some fruit ⑥went shopping
【答案】（1）was；went；swam；did；enjoyed；had
（2）①③④
（3）②③⑥
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了暑假第一天，主人公和朋友一起出去玩的事情。

（1）从文章中找出was、went、swam、did、enjoyed、had，bought、were根据句子结构即可找出，选出六个即可。

（2）根据We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．看出他们去的三个地方，故答案为：①③④。

（3）根据We went swimming in the swimming pool．We had lunch in a fast—food restaurant．和We went shopping in a supermarket．找到他们所干的事情，故答案为：②③⑥。

【点评】此题主要考查学生的阅读理解能力，第一题考察对动词一般过去式的掌握，第二题，第三题考察对短文的理解程度，都能在文中找到对应的短语或句子，此类题目对的答案，一定要在文章中寻找，文章中一定会有依据。

6．阅读理解阅读下列短文，回答问题
The Earth means many things to the people who live on it．A farmer thinks Earth is soil for growing vegetables and fruit．A person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rock．A sailor thinks Earth is water as far as the eyes can see．The Earth is a big ball covered with water，rock and soil．The Earth is a planet．There are nine planets around the sun．Animals and plants live almost everywhere on the Earth．They can live on the Earth because it is not too far from the sun，or too close to the sun．Living things need the sun．The sun keeps them warm．
（1）What does a farmer think Earth is?
（2）What does a person who makes roads think Earth is?
（3）What is on the Earth?
【答案】（1）A farmer thinks Earth is soil for growing vegetables and fruit．
（2）A person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rock．
（3）Animals and plants live almost everywhere on the Earth．
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了生活在地球上的人们对地球的认识，同时介绍了地球是一个卫星。

动植物都能在上面生长。

（1）句意：农民认为地球是什么样子的？细节阅读，A farmer thinks Earth is soil for growing vegetables and fruit．该句子就是农民对地球的认识，故答案为：A farmer thinks Earth is soil for growing vegetables and fruit.
（2）句意：铺路的人认为地球是什么样子的？细节阅读，A person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rock.就是答案，故答案为：A person who makes roads thinks Earth is mountains of hard rock.
（3）句意：地球上有什么？细节阅读，Animals and plants live almost everywhere on the Earth.就是答案，故答案为：No, he isn't.
【点评】考查对篇章的把握和细节的辨别能力。

答题时，紧扣文章中的关键词，做出正确回答。