【复习必备】2020版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 1 Festivals around the world(含解析)新人教版必修3

Unit 1 Festivals around the world
李仕才
***阅读理解。

Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages —clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.
Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.
To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (动脉). The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.
1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _________.
A. he is still very much alive
B. he cannot avoid final death
C. his most important organs are damaged forever
D. he still has the possibility of getting back to life
2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _________.
A. cool the organism
B. delay the coming of biological death
C. slow down the body’s metabolism
D. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life
3.The text mainly talks about _________.
A. clinical death and biological death
B.an experiment on a monkey
C. the meaning of death
D. the process before death
4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _________.
A. Keta was impolite
B. Keta was healthy
C. Keta was ill
D. Keta was crazy
【文章大意】本文主要叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来，科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时间。

1.D 【解析】细节理解题。

由文章第一段内容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such
as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage.
The organism can still be saved”可知，一个临床死亡的人还有可能活过来，故选D。

3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。

文章第一段提出了人类死亡的两个阶段：临床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提
出科学家们想办法延长临床死亡；第三段通过用猴子做实验来验证延长临床死亡的方法，故本文主要论述了临床死亡和生理死亡，选A项。

4.B 【解析】推理判断题。

结合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy
animal.”（她的行为无异于健康动物的行为），可推知划线部分句子说明Keta是健康的，故选B 项。

***语法填空。

Located in the northwest of Hunan Province, about 300 kilometers away from Changsha, capital of Hunan, Zhangjiajie, __1__covers a total area of 9,653 square kilometers, is
a tourist city for its unique natural scenery and abundant tourism resources. Zhangjiajie __2__(award) the title of “World Geological Park” in 2004. __3__(actual), Zhangjiajie, honoured as “the most fantastic mountain under heaven” and “a walking Chinese landscape painting”，is also widely praised as “__4__enlarged potted landscaping”“a mini fairyland” and “a maze (迷宫) of nature”， attracting a growing number of tourists __5__home and abroad.
Since it was discovered in the 1980s, tourism industry __6__ (become) the leading industry in Zhangjiajie, which has stimulated the development of other industries
__7__(relate) to tourism. At the same time, eco­tourism has been developed rapidly in Zhangjiajie. When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate __8__(it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk custom as well as other thrilling tourist __9__(activity), and you will be deeply impressed by __10__is performed by the minorities there.
It must be an exciting, joyful and unforgettable tour to Zhangjiajie.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________
7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

全文介绍了湖南省张家界的地理位置、荣誉称号、旅游业的发展等情况。

1．which 考查定语从句的引导词。

分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Zhangjiajie，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。

2．was awarded 考查动词的时态和语态。

主语Zhangjiajie和动词award之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据该句中的时间状语“in 2004”可知，应用一般过去时。

3．Actually 考查词性转换。

空处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式。

4．an 考查冠词。

根据语境可知，该处泛指“一幅放大的盆栽风景画”，空后的enlarged的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。

5．at 考查介词。

这里指“吸引了国内外的大量游客”，at home and abroad为固定短语，意为“在国内外”，故用at。

6．has become 考查动词的时态。

根据该句中的时间状语“Since it was ... 1980s”可知，空处表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，故用现在完成时。

7．related 考查非谓语动词。

be related to为固定搭配，此句中，动词relate和名词industries之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作名词的后置定语。

8．its 考查代词。

根据该句中的“magnificent natural scenery”可知，应用形容词性物主代词its，指张家界的。

9．activities 考查名词复数。

张家界景点的旅游活动有多种，故用复数形式。

10．what 考查宾语从句的连接词。

分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词by的宾语，且空处在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故用what。

***完形填空。

When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the __1__ will last longer than you'd expect：researchers have found that writing thank­you notes raises people's __2__ levels for up to six months.
“If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you __3__ it with the person who helped you，it has the __4__ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang.
Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.He'd been feeling depressed and __5__ about his life：He'd been divorced and wasn't __6__ with his children.He felt tired from the __7__ hours he devoted to work.At a/an __8__ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of __9__.He decided to write 365 thank­you notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an __10__ change.
Immediately，he noticed his __11__ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you become more positive，”Kralik says of his __12__ acts of expressing thanks.
__13__ by Kralik's experience，I decided to try the __14__ myself.I chose someone from my past whom I'd __15__ thanked before：my wonderful high­school English teacher.I wasn't sure if I'd be able to __16__ him，but eventually I found where he lived.
In my letter，I thanked him for the __17__ and support that he'd given me years earlier.I may never hear from him __18__，but that isn't the __19__.The letter helped me __20__ my life，and I've been happy now for months.
1．A.time B．thoughts
C．effects D．relationship
2．cation B．happiness
C．income D．health
3．A.share B．complete
C．compare D．leave
4．A.method B．desire
C．energy D．potential
5．A.discouraged B．dishonest
C．impatient D．surprised
6．A.bored B．strict
C．close D．honest
7．A.limited B．valuable
C．delightful D．long
8．A.importantly B．particularly
C．physically D．exactly
9．A.forgiveness B．achievement
C．gratefulness D．patience
10．A.positive B．unexpected
C．possible D．instant
11．A.wealth B．attitude
C．position D．competence
12．A.generous B．strange
C．brave D．simple
13．A.Struck B．Inspired
C．Shocked D．Invited
14．A.idea B．belief
C．letter D．test
15．A.nearly B．frequently
C．already D．never
16．A.remember B．recognise
C．locate D．reward
17．A.degree B．money
C．gift D．guidance
18．A.in advance B．in public
C．in return D．in person
19．A.case B．point
C．fact D．solution
20．A.appreciate B．understand
C．face D．review
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者通过亲身经历告诉我们这样一个道理：当你对别人
表达出感谢之情时，你会变得更快乐。

1．C 考查名词辨折。

根据“benefits”并结合第一段可知，此处指感谢别人对自己的影响要比你预想的长久。

C项意为“效果，影响”，符合语境。

A项意为“时间”；B项意为“想法”；D 项意为“关系”，均与语境不符。

故答案选C。

2．B 考查名词辨析。

根据语境可知，此处指写感谢信可以提高人们的幸福水平。

B项意为“幸福”，符合语境。

A项意为“教育”；C项意为“收入”；D项意为“健康”，均与语境不符。

故答案选B。

3．A 考查动词辨析。

根据此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此处指与帮助你的人分享这件事。

share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，符合语境。

B项意为“完成，实现”；C项意为“比较”；D项意为“离开”，均与语境不符。

故答案选A。

4．D 考查名词辨析。

根据语境可知，此处指如果你与帮助你的人一起分享感激之情，这就有可能将你们两人之间的距离拉近。

D项意为“可能性，潜能”，符合语境。

A项意为“方法”；B
项意为“欲望”；C项意为“精力”，均与语境不符。

故答案选D。

5．A 考查形容词辨折。

根据该句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此处应用“discouraged”与“depressed”并列，指他对生活感到沮丧。

A项意为“泄气的”，符合语境。

B项意为“不诚实的”；C项意为“没有耐心的”；D项意为“感到惊讶的”，均与语境不符。

故答案选A。

6．C 考查形容词辨析。

根据本句中的“He'd been divorced”可知，他已经离婚了，并且与孩子也不亲近。

C项意为“亲近的，亲密的”，符合语境。

A项意为“无聊的”；B项意为“严格的”；D项意为“诚实的”，均与语境不符。

故答案选C。

7．D 考查形容词辨析。

根据“felt tired from”可推知，此处指因为长时间的工作，所以他感到疲劳。

D项意为“长的”，符合语境。

A项意为“有限的”；B项意为“有价值的”；C项意为“高兴的”，均与语境不符。

故答案选D。

8．B 考查副词辨析。

根据语境可知，他离婚了，和孩子也不亲近，而且工作辛苦，所以这是他人生的低谷。

B项意为“尤其，特别”，符合语境。

A项意为“重要地”；C项意为“身体上”；D项意为“恰恰，正好”，均与语境不符。

故答案选B。

9．C 考查名词辨析。

根据下文中的“He decided to write 365 thank­you notes”可知，此处指他记起祖父告诉过他感激的重要性。

C项意为“感激”，符合语境。

A项意为“原谅”；B
项意为“成就”；D项意为“耐心”，均与语境不符。

故答案选C。

10．A 考查形容词辨析。

根据下一段第二句中的“you become more positive”可知，此处指他希望通过这种方式获得一个积极的改变。

A项意为“积极的”，符合语境。

B项意为“出人意料的”；C项意为“可能的”；D项意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。

故答案选A。

11．B 考查名词辨析。

根据语境可知，这位律师正处于人生的低谷时期，然后通过写感谢信使得他的态度开始改善。

B项意为“态度”，符合语境。

A项意为“财富”；C项意为“位置”；D
项意为“能力”，均与语境不符。

故答案选B。

12．D 考查形容词辨析。

根据空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，写感谢信只是表达感谢的一个简单的行为。

D项意为“简单的”，符合语境。

A项意为“慷慨的”；B项意为“奇怪的”；C项意为“勇敢的”，均与语境不符。

故答案选D。

13．B 考查动词辨析。

根据下文可知，“我”也决定写感谢信了。

由此推断出，“我”是受了Kralik的经历的鼓舞。

B项意为“鼓舞，激励”，符合语境。

故答案选B。

14．A 考查名词辨析。

根据语境可知，“我”决定亲自试试这个想法。

A项意为“想法，主意”，符合语境。

B项意为“信念”；C项意为“信”；D项意为“测试”，均与语境不符。

故答案选A。

15．D 考查副词辨析。

根据语境可知，“我”不知道这位高中英语老师的地址，所以他是“我”以前从未感谢过的人。

D项意为“从未”，符合语境。

A项意为“几乎”；B项意为“经常”；C项意为“已经”，均与语境不符。

故答案选D。

16．C 考查动词辨析。

根据“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此处指“我”不知道是否能够找到他。

C项意为“找出……的准确位置”，符合语境。

A项意为“记得”；B项意为“认出”；D项意为“奖励，奖赏”，均与语境不符。

故答案选C。

17．D 考查名词辨析。

根据语境可知，“我”感谢的对象是“我”的一位高中英语老师，所以“我”应是感谢他给予“我”的指导和帮助。

D项意为“指导”，符合语境。

A项意为“程度，等级”；B项意为“金钱”；C项意为“礼物”，均与语境不符。

故答案选D。

18．C 考查介词短语辨析。

根据常识可知，“我”写感谢信给多年前的老师，而老师不一定会回信给“我”。

C项意为“作出回应”，符合语境。

A项意为“提前”；B项意为“公开地”；D 项意为“亲自”，均与语境不符。

故答案选C。

19．B 考查名词辨析。

根据下文中的“I've been happy now for months”可知，“我”快乐了几个月，所以此处指老师是否回信不是重点。

B项意为“重点，要点”，符合语境。

A项意为“事例”；C项意为“事实”；D项意为“解决方法”，均与语境不符。

故答案选B。

20．A 考查动词辨析。

联系全文的内容可知，文章主要是关于表达出感谢可以给自己带来快乐，所以此处指这封感谢信帮助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”为此快乐了几个月。

A项意为“感激”，符合语境。

B项意为“理解”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“回顾”，均与语境不符。

故答案选A。

***短文改错。

As a senior three student, I often imagine how I will be doing in the future. Talked about my dream job, I expect to be an English teacher for the following reasons：First, I'm an energetic and outgoing boy with great patient. That's what a qualified teacher should had, in my opinion. Besides, I am crazy about the English language, I am
doing quite well. Above all, teachers are generally respect. With two vacations each year, I may enjoy more relaxed time. As
an ambitious boy, I hope to take up a job which is beneficial for society. Being a good teacher may influence more students to shoulder his responsibilities and contribute to their country.
In a short, I'll work very hard to become a popular English teacher.
答案：
As a senior three student, I often imagine how
①what I will be doing in the future. Talked
②Talking
about my dream job, I expect to be an English teacher for the following reasons：First, I'm an energetic and outgoing boy with great patient
③patience
. That's what a qualified
teacher should had
④have ， in my opinion. Besides, I am crazy about the English language, ∧
⑤and
I am doing quite well. Above all, teachers are generally respect
⑥respected
. With two vacations each year, I may enjoy more relaxed
⑦relaxing
time. As an ambitious boy, I hope to take up a job which is beneficial for
⑧to
society. Being a good teacher may influence more students to shoulder his
⑨their
responsibilities and contribute to their country.
In a＼
⑩
short, I'll work very hard to become a popular English teacher.
难项分析：
第二处：Talked→Talking考查非谓语动词。

I和talk about为逻辑上的主谓关系，且talk about和expect to be所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词作状语。

第五处：I前加and 考查连词。

分析句子结构并结合语境可知，前后两句话为并列关系，故应用连词and。

第八处：for→to考查固定搭配。

be beneficial to表示“对……有益”。

***。