陕西省白水中学高中英语阅读理解经典试题(含答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.
Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. T he images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”
Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies－regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing.
（1）What makes connections in a baby's brain?
A. Having a higher IQ.
B. Experiencing new information.
C. The baby' early age.
D. The connection with other babies.
（2）What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?
A. Babies identify different sound patterns.
B. Word order is relevant to meaning.
C. Babies can well understand different words.
D. A certain brain region processes language.
（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Grammar is important in learning languages.
B. Different orders have different meanings.
C. Different languages have different grammar.
D. Words have different sounds.
（4）What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?
A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.
B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.
C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.
D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。

（3）句意猜测题。

根据第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。

（4）推理判断题。

根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
China and India are leaders in improving global(全球的) tree cover, a new study based on NASA research showed.
They took a 31.8% part together of the total global new leaf area between 2000 and 2017. China played a major role, adding 25% to this increase, and India added 6.8%, followed by Canada and Russia. The study in the Nature Sustainability journal shows that more than 5.5 million square kilometers of green leaf area was added globally. Since 2000, there has been a five-percent increase in global green cover, it said.
"The greening over the last twenty years shows an increase in leaf area on plants and trees which is as large as the area of the entire Amazon rainforest," Chi Chen, a Boston University
researcher and lead of the study told Nature Sustainability. Large plantation activities to protect forests in China contributed nearly 42% to the country's green cover, and agriculture added another 32%. In India, 82% of the increase in leaf area was because of agriculture.
"China and India take up one-third of the greening, but hold only nine percent of the planet's land area covered in green plants," Chi Chen told NASA Earth Observatory. "That is a surprising finding, considering the land degradation(退化) in countries with large populations."
Boston University's research team first detected an increase in global green cover in the 1990s but were unsure about what contributed to the increase. Finally, with the help of NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites research, they managed to find out the increase in leaf cover from different areas and places.
（1）Which country increased the largest part of the new leaf area?
A. India
B. China
C. Canada
D. Russia
（2）For what purpose did the author mention the Amazon rainforest?
A. To show how great the achievement was.
B. To show the importance of rainforest.
C. To explain what difficulties we have now.
D. To explain the reason for increasing forests.（3）According to paragraph four, the following statements are true EXCEPT_______.
A. China and India have large populations and land degradation problem
B. about 9% of the planet's greening is in China and India
C. China and India are leading in the global green cover increase
D. the leaf cover area in China and India is still limited if viewed globally
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新研究显示，中国和印度在改善全球树木覆盖方面处于领先地位。

同时中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。

考虑到人口众多国家的土地退化，这是一个令人惊讶的发现。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“China played a major role, adding 25% to this incr ease, and India added 6.8%, followed by Canada and Russia.”中国扮演了主要的角色，增加了25%，印度增加了6.8%，加拿大和俄罗斯紧随其后。

可知中国新增的森林面积最大。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"‘The greening over the last twenty years shows an increase in leaf area on plants and trees which is as large as the area of the entire Amazon rainforest,’ Chi Chen, a Boston University researcher and lead of the study told Nature Sustainability.“过去20年的绿化表明，植物和树木的叶子面积增加了，相当于整个亚马逊雨林的面积，"波士顿大学研究员、该研究的负责人陈驰告诉《自然·可持续性》杂志。

可知作者提到了亚马逊雨林，以表明这一成就是多么伟大。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"‘China and India take up one-third of the greening, but hold only nine percent of the planet's land area covered in green plants,’ Chi Chen told NASA Earth Observatory.”陈驰告诉美国国家航空航天局地球观测站:"中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。

"可知B选项"大约9%的地球绿化发生在中国和印度"错误，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. The new software will allow researchers and wildlife conservationists to significantly cut back on time spent analyzing videos, according to the new paper published in Science Advances.
For species(物种)like chimpanzees which have complex social lives and live for many years, getting photos of their behavior taken from short-term field research can only tell us so much," says Dan Schofield, researcher and DPhil student at Oxford University's Private Models Lab, School of Anthropology. "By taking advantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files, it makes it possible to measure behavior over the long term."
The computer model was trained using over 10 million images(影像):from Kyoto University s Primate Research Institute(PRI) video files of wild chimpanzees in Guinea, West Africa. The new software is the first to continuously track and recognize individual a wide range of poses, performing with high accuracy in difficult conditions such as low lighting and poor image quality. "Access to this large video file has allowed us to use deep neural networks to train models to a degree that was previously not possible," says Arsha Nagrad, co-auther of the study and DPhil student at the Department of Engineer Science, University of Oxford." Additionally, our new software differs from previous primate face recognition software in that it can be applied to videos with limited manual intervention(人工干预), saving hours of time."
The technology can be potentially used to monitor species for conservation Although the present application focuses on chimpanzees, the AI software provided will be applied to other species, and help drive the adoption of AI systems to solve(解决)a range of problems in the wildlife sciences.
（1）What is the purpose of developing the new soft?
A.To save wildlife researchers' time spent in the labs.
B.To keep track of wildlife conservationists' behaviors.
C.To protect chimpanzees and help them to live longer.
D.To recognize and track the faces of wild chimpanzees.
（2）What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Getting photos.
B.Analyzing videos.
C.A powerful machine
D.The new AI software.
（3）What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.The working principle of the new software.
B.Some limitations of using the new software.
C.The unique advantages of the new software.
D.Controversial attitudes to the new software.
（4）What can be known from the last paragraph?
A.Technology advance is the final goal of science
B.The new software won't just be applied to chimpanzees.
C.AI systems are widely used in the wildlife sciences.
D.The application of the new technology isn't easy.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的人工智能软件，这种软件可以识别和追踪黑猩猩的面孔,大大节省了研究者和野生动物保护者的时间，而且它还可以应用到其他的物种研究。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Scientists at the University of Oxford have developed new artificial intelligence(AI) software to recognize and follow up the faces of chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the wild. ”可知，新软件的开发是为了识别和追踪野外黑猩猩的面孔。

故选D。

（2）考查代词指代。

根据第一段的叙述及第二段中的“By taking a dvantage of the power of machine learning to unlock large video files…”可推断it指代第一段中提到的新的人工智能软件。

故选D。

（3）考查段落大意。

根据第四段的叙述可知，本段主要介绍了新软件与其他软件相比所具有的独特的优势。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“The technology can be potentially used to monitor species for conservation Although the present application focuses on chimpanzees, the AI software provided will be applied to other species. 可知，新的软件不仅被用在黑猩猩身上，它还将被用于其他物种。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American's first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the "Father of his country."
The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.
Another of American's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.
The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.
Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.
Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under
his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.
So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.
These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images
from nation's history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.
（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people's__________ .
A. talents in many ways
B. success in their careers
C. inventions in new fields
D. contributions to the country
（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation's ____________.
A. economy and power
B. independence and democracy
C. wealth and success
D. faith and glory
（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Men on the Money
B. the Design of US Bills
C. History on the Money
D. the Story of US Bills
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们
对国家所做出的贡献。

（1）考查推理判断。

文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家
的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草
者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元
勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而
可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“President Washington has been called the ‘Father of
his country.’"；第二段中的“Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无
论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与
民主所做出的努力与牺牲。

故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他
们对国家所做出的贡献。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put out another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾) don't work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(诊察) difficult.
Kidney's main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.
Research shows that more than 25 percent of patients found to require dialysis (透析) do not see a kidney specialist until less than 90 days before dialysis starts. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.
（1）The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ________.
A. it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
B. it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
C. it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D. our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
（2）The underlined word "insidious" (in Paragraph 3) means ________.
A. gradual and unnoticed
B. apparent and fast
C. smooth and safe
D. painful and long
（3）We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, ________.
A. the kidney failure begins
B. the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
C. we have lost about 10 percent of kidney function
D. the kidneys can still work properly
（4）How many factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
（5）Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage?
A. Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B. Go to see a kidney specialist whenever you find any warning sign.
C. Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D. Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肾脏出现问题的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，并指出如何预防肾病。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据一二段的内容，以及第三段中的“This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾) don't work efficiently.”可推断，作者列举家庭处理垃圾情况的主要目的是让我们明白身体和家一样需要及时处理垃圾，不然对身体有害。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.”和第四段中的“There may be no warning signs.”可知，肾功能的变化是由身体其它变化引起的，是一个渐变的过程，而且这个变化没有任何警示，故推测划线词的意思是“逐渐的/慢慢的，无法察觉的”。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs.”可知，90%的症状在被确诊之前是看不出来的，而且没有任何的预警，故推测当人们发现肾病症状时，肾可能已经严重受损。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的"age and genetic make-up, diabetes and high blood pressure, overweight and not getting enough exercise,"衰老，基因组成，糖尿病，高血压，超重和不运动,可知，这六项都是导致肾病的原因。

故选D。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(诊察) difficult.” 和第六段中的“Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.”可推测，早期诊察，做足够的锻炼可以预防肾损伤。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Have you ever imagined what it would be like to see the world through an animal's eyes? For example, what a chimpanzee sees as it sits at the top of a tree, or a penguin's view as it dives into
the sea to catch its dinner?
These questions are answered in the nature documentary Animals with Cameras, produced by the BBC. The three-part series was first aired in the UK last month. To explore animal stories "told" by the animals themselves, the documentary's filmmakers worked with scientists to develop cameras that wild animals could wear.
"Never before have we seen such high-quality footage (连续镜头)directly from the animal's point of view, " BBC Nature executive producer Fred Kaufman told PBS." This miniseries greatly expands our comprehension of animal behavior and this camera technology opens up new possibilities for discovering so much more."
Indeed, the groundbreaking technology provides a new viewpoint of the animal kingdom. New cameras with enough battery life to shoot for hours at a time were designed to be comfortable enough for animals to wear, according to the documentary's camera designer Chris Watts.
The technical challenges didn't stop there. Some animals were very curious about the equipment, with some even fighting each other for the chance to wear a camera. In the case of chimpanzees, "we had to create dummy (仿造的)cameras, so that every chimpanzee could get one", the miniseries' wildlife cameraman Gordon Buchanan told Live Science.
For animals that were comfortable enough to be with human beings, the cameras could be fitted and removed by hand. But for others, the cameras came off automatically using a timed release and were collected afterward. This meant that the cameras needed to be as tough as possible.
To avoid disturbing the animals, scientists who were good at dealing with wildlife came to help by putting the cameras on the animals." The last thing we want to do is cause them distress." the documentary's producer Dan Rees told the BBC. "To follow an animal in the first place, there had to be a clear benefit in terms of knowledge about it that might be useful to protecting a species in the future.
Their efforts certainly paid off. " Footage that captures (捕捉)these rare and exciting glimpses of animals bidden habits is important to scientists, but documentaries like Animals with Cameras also resonate with (引起共鸣)audiences, connecting them with the beauty - and danger - of wildlife in their natural environments," Live Science noted.
（1）According to the text, Animals with Cameras .
A.is a documentary made by wildlife experts
B.presents high-quality footage of animals for the first time
C.shows wildlife from the unique viewpoint of animals
D.mainly records the life of chimpanzees and penguins
（2）The case of chimpanzees is used to .
A.reflect the weakness of the camera technology
B.present how filmmakers put cameras on chimpanzees
C.explain why chimpanzees were attracted by the equipment
D.show how filmmakers dealt with the challenges in shooting
（3）To avoid disturbing the animals, filmmakers .
A.set up a protected area for them to live in
B.invited scientists to help equip them with cameras
C.made the cameras look like animals in disguise
D.fitted and removed the cameras by hand
（4）The author's attitude toward the documentary can be described as .
A.changing
B.supportive
C.cautious
D.pessimistic
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员使用最新的相机技术，让人们从动物的视角看世界。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"To explore animal stories ‘told’ by the animals themselves, the documentary's filmmakers worked with scientists to develop cameras that wild animals could wear."可知研究人员让动物带上相机来拍摄野生动物的世界。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的"The technical challenges didn't stop there. Some animals were very curious about the equipment, with some even fighting each other for the chance to wear a camera."可知很多动物对这种相机非常好奇，甚至会为佩戴相机而打斗。

这就需要人们把这些相机制造得更加牢固，以便更好地拍摄。

第五段最后所列举的猩猩的例子正是为了证明这一点。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"To avoid disturbing the animals, scientists who were good at dealing with wildlife came to help by putting the cameras on the animals."可知为了避免妨碍动物，研究人员邀请科学家帮助他们给动物带上相机。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Footage that captures（捕捉）these rare and exciting glimpses of animals bidden habits is important to scientists, but documentaries like Animals with Cameras also resonate with （引起共鸣）audiences, connecting them with the beauty - and danger - of wildlife in their natural environments"可知作者认为这种相机拍摄的连续镜头对于科学研究十分重要，这种纪录片能够引起观众的共鸣，让人们欣赏到美景，也让他们意识到自然环境下野生动物面临的危险。

这些说明作者对这一纪录片持支持态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration Tour
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful
flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours(7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
（1）Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,
D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
（2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting stories.
（3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps.
B. Cameras
C. Meals.
D. Safety lights.
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了四个有特色的华盛顿特区自行车之旅。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中的"Reserve your spot before availability—the cherry blossoms—disappear!可知，华盛顿的樱花自行车之旅需要在樱花消失之前预定好位置，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段中的"Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks."可知，在首都自行车之旅中可以听到导游讲的有关总统、国会、纪念碑等有趣的故事，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

根据第四段中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知，夜间自行车之旅配备反光背心和安全灯，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

涉及细节理解题，要注意仔细阅读从文中寻找答案。

8．（2019•天津）阅读理解
How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.
（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？
A. The living habits of species in food webs.
B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator______.
A. has a wide food choice
B. can easily find new prey
C. sticks to one prey species
D. can quickly move to another place
（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.。