动词ing做宾补 表语 定语 状语及综合练习

高中英语语法
动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习
第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语
1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。

We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。

I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。

2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别
在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。

用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。

He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。

(She was getting on the car.)
He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。

(She got on the car and drove off.)
Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？
(Someone is knocking at the door.)
Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？
(Someone knocked at the door just now.)
提示：
如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。

I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。

3．动词的-ing形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。

They should not leave us wondering what they will do next. 他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。

I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。

We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们使火整夜燃烧着。

第二部分．动词的-ing形式作定语
1．单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。

①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

a reading room= a room which is used for reading阅览室
running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋
a working method = a method of working工作方法
a sewing machine 缝纫机
a swimming pool 游泳池
a drawing board 画板
a dining car 餐车
a driving permit 驾驶许可证
a walking stick 手杖
a singing competition 歌咏比赛
a waiting room 候车室
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。

developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题
a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧
an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿
a barking dog 狂吠的狗
2．作定语的-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。

The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。

They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

The book being discussed a lot will be published next month. 人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。

第三部分：．动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。

-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。

（= When she saw those pictures...）
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。

（= After we have made full preparation...）
2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。

（= As I don't know his address...）
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。

（= Since he was ill...）3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。

（= ... and left him a lot of money）
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩
具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。

（= ... and broke it into pieces...）
4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. 顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。

（= If you go straight down the road...）
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

（= If you work hard at your lessons...）
5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

（= Although they knew all this...）
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car. 他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。

（= Though he worked hard as he did...）
6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

（= ...and stared at the sky for a long time）
She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。

（= ...and carried a lot of books）
高中现在分词用法综合练习题
V-ing作主语和宾语练习题
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Though the task was difficult,they managed (finish) it on time.
2.Imagine (travel) around the world and (taste) all the delicious foods in different counties.
3.I suggest (invite) him to speak on education.
4.He promised (attend) our meeting, but he didn’t turn up.
5.I practice (play) the piano in my spare time.
6.All the boys are looking forward to (feed) the animals.
7.I always prefer (start) early rather than (leave) everything to the last minute.
8. (walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women.
9.While shopping women sometimes can’t help(persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary.
10.Do you think it of any use (argue) with him any more?We are wasting our time
(try) to persuade hom to give up the idea.
11. (make) friends is an necessary part in our life.
12.It’s no use (argue) with a person like him.
13.They are considering (go) to Hainan for the summer holiday.
14.I regret (say) that I regret (do) such a silly thing.
15.The thief ran away quickly to avoid (catch).
16.Would you mind (turn) down your radio a little,please?
17.There is no use (keep) silent about such a matter.
18.My (be) late made our boss very angry.
19.The teacher told the students to stop and (write,listen) to him.
20.He succeeded in (persuade) her to do the job.
二、完成句子
1.Please (记住开车时要多加小心)next time.
2.I （记得被邀请）to their party, but left the invitation in the office.
3.When I came in, he （停止读书）and looked up at me.
4.When I saw Tom, I .（停下来和他打招呼）but the ignored me.
5.He （试图完成）the work with the least cost and fewest people.
6.They decided that they would （尝试住在美国）for several years.
7.Please (继续做相同的练习)
8.Please (继续看书)after doing exercise.
9. （窗户需要擦了）
动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语
一、动词-ing形式作定语
1.Her job is (keep)the lecture hall as clean as possible.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。

2..The problem is quite (puzzle).
这个问题很令困惑。

常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。

二、动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语
= a room which is used for reading 阅览室
=shoes for running 跑鞋
=a method for working 工作方法
= countries that are developing发展中国家
= a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
= a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题
2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

They lived in a housewhich which is facing south.
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

Do you know the boy who is playing basket.
你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？
The man who is visiting Japan is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。

三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一
个过程或一种状态。

When we returned, we found a stranger (stand) in front of the house.
2、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at,
listen to + sb + doing sth（doing作宾补）
I felt somebody (talk) behind me.
I heard a girl (cry) in the dark.
I noticed a thief (steal) on the bus.
2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave +sb/ sth + doing sth (doing作宾补）使某人做某事
We kept the fire (burn)all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。

I won‘t have you(run)g about in the room.
我不会让你在房间里跑来跑去。

He kept her (wait) understaris the whole day.
他让她在楼下等了一整天。

3、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ringing.
We heard the telephone ring.
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。

四、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。

动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1. (make) full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。

(= After we have made full preparations...)
2. (be) ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。

(= Because he was ill...)
3.His father died, (leave) him a lot of money.
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.
(= and left him a lot of money.)
4.He lay on the grass, (stare)at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

(= ...and stared at the sky for a long time)
5. (work) hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

(=If you work hard at your lessons.)
6. (know)all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

(= Although they knew all this.)
练习题
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs.
1)_______(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
2)All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear.
3)When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital.
4)Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the storm.
5)The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital.
6)The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet."
7)—What is a water can used for?
—It's used to _________ (water) flowers or something like that.
8)There was a terrible noise __________ (follow) the sudden burst of light.
9)The missing boy was last seen _________ (play) near the river.
10)In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _______ (point) at another person.
2.-ing形式作补语练与析
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.
A. being sung; sang
B. sang; singing
C. sung; sing
D. to be sung; to sing
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.
A. to burn
B. burn
C. burning
D. burned
3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?
—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______.
A. interesting; boring
B. interested; boring
C. interesting; bored
D. interested; bored
5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
6. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play
8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
Rewrite the following sentences.
1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
________________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.
The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages.
3. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
_______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
4. She sat at the desk and did her homework.
She sat at the desk ______ ____ __________.
用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。

1. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one.
The picture _______ on the wall is a world-famous one.
2. Because he didn’t receive an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. ____ ____________ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.
3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.
_______ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.
4. Because it is Sunday, there are no students in the school.
It _____ ______, there are no students in the school.
5. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother. He hunted all the shops, ______ ___ a nice present for his mother.。