find的用法

find的用法
find可作为及物动词、不及物动词和名词使用。

用法包括：
1、表示“找到”，其后可接双宾语；若双宾语交换位置用介词for引出间接宾语。

如：
Can you find me a hotel?=Can you find a hotel for me?你能给我找一家旅馆吗?
We found him a good job.=We found a good job for him.我们为他找了份好工作。

比较下面一句（found后为复合宾语）：
We found him a good teacher.(=We found that he was a good teacher.)我们发现他是位好老师。

2、表示“发现”时，其后可接各种形式的复合结构：
(1)宾语+名词作宾语补足语。

如：
You’ll find it a difficult book.你会发现它是一本难懂的书。

有时可在宾语补足语前加上to be。

如：
You’ll find it to be a difficult book.你会发现它是一本难懂的书。

(2)宾语+形容词作宾语补足语。

如：
He found the room empty.他发现房间是空的。

I found the book easy.我觉得这书读起来比较容易。

有时可在宾语补足语前加上to be。

如：
We find the story(to be)very interesting.我们发现这个故事很有趣。

(3)宾语+副词作宾语补足语。

如：
Did you find her in?你发现她在家吗?
I went to her house but I found her out.我到她家发现她不在家。

用作宾语补足语的副词通常只能是in,out,up,down,upstairs,downstairs等表示处所的副词小品词，而不能是其他普通副词。

(4)宾语+不定式作宾语补足语。

如：
He found the patient to be a small boy.他发现病人是一个小男孩。

用作宾语补足语的不定式通常为to be（且通常可以省略），但当find用于被动语态时，可以用其他动词。

如：
Her blood was found to contain poison.她的血液里被发现有毒。

He was found to have helped himself to public money.他被发现挪用了公款。

(5)宾语+现在分词作宾语补足语。

如：
I found him lying on the floor.我发现他躺在地板上。

I found him standing at the door.我发现他正站在门口。

(6)宾语+过去分词作宾语补足语。

如：
He found the door locked.他发现门锁上了。

He found the city much changed.他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。

(7)宾语+介词短语作宾语补足语。

如：
We found her in tears.我们发现她在哭泣。

We found the map quite out of date.我们发现这地图已完全过时。

另外还要注意“find+形式宾语it+宾语补足语”结构。

如：
I find it easy to get on with her.我发现她很容易相处。

He found it easy to earn extra money.他发现赚点外快很容易。

I found it interesting being back at school again.我发现再次回到学校很有意思。

3、其后有时可接that从句。

如：
I found that the book was very interesting.我发现这本书很有趣。

They found that he was no longer working there.他们发现他已经不在那儿工作了。

He found(that)no one could answer his question.他发现没有人能回答他的问题。

When he arrived,he found that she had gone.当他到达时，他发现她已经走了。

后接that从句时，只要句型适合且不影响原意，有时可转换成复合结构，如上面的前面两句可转换为：I found the book very interesting.
They found him no longer working there.
但是，上面的最后两句不适合这种转换，因为从句中用了情态动词或完成时态。

however的词性有副词和连词。

用法一、表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。

这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。

如：However much he eats,he never gets fat.不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。

用于此用法时，请注意以下几点：
①此用法属however所有用法中最重要的考点，同学们务请引起高度重视。

②这样用的however与no matter how大致同义。

如：
People always want more,however[no matter how]rich they are.人总是富了还想再富。

However[No matter how]hard I worked,she was never satisfied.无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。

③有时从句谓语可用情态动词。

如：
Don’t laugh,however funny it may be.无论多么有趣也不要笑。

I’ll try to finish it in time,however hard it may be.无论多么难，我也要按时完成。

④“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”有时可以有所省略。

如：
I refuse,however favorable the conditions.不管条件如何有利，我都不干。

(conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own,however small(it is),than share a room.无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。

A grammar rule,however true(it is),is useless unless it can be understood.一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。

用法二、表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。

可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

如：
My father,however,did not agree.但是，我父亲不同意。

My room is small;however,it’s comfortable.我的房间很小，但却很舒服。

He said that it was so;he was mistaken,however.他说情况如此，可是他错了。

注：however不能像but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)。

如：
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。

.
正：We all tried our best,but we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best;however,we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best.however,we lost the game.
用法三、表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。

如：However did you get here without a car?没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?
until既可以用作介词，又可用作连词。

作介词时，后面要接具体的时刻；作连词用时，后面要接时间状语从句。

其含义和since有类似之处，只是since强调的是某一段的时间的起点（“从……”），而until表示的是一段时间的终点（“到……”）。

一、由until或till）构成的介词短语或引起的从句在句中作状语时，如果是肯定句，句子的谓语动词或主句中的谓语动词一般是延续性的；在否定句或含有否定意义的句子中，句子的谓语动词或主句中的谓语动词，既可是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的。

肯定句侧重动作延续的时间，否定句说明动作开始的时间。

例如：
They thought their bodies would be well kept in these until they would come back to life.
He and the other doctors did not leave until the operation was over.
They are not going back to work until they get it.
He doesn’t sit down until the other person takes his seat.
And then they went on with their work at the empty loons until late into the night.
No more work was done on it until the People’s Republic of China was founded.
二、对含有“not…until…”结构的句子进行强调时，须用it is(was)not until…that…。

例如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. It was not until I saw Margaret the next morning,however,that I felt happy.
with作介词的意思有用…、随着、支持、和…在一起等。

1.与…(在)一起，带着
Come with me.跟我一起来吧。

I went on holiday with my friend.我跟我朋友一起去度假。

Do you want to walk home with me?你愿意和我一道走回家吗
2.(表带有或拥有)有…的，持有，随身带着
I have no money with me.我没有带钱。

He is a man with a hot temper.他是一个脾气暴躁的人。

We bought a house with a garden.我们买了一座带花园的房子。

China is a very large country with a long history.中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。

3.(表方式、手段或工具)以，用
He caught the ball with his left hand.他用左手接球。

She wrote the letter with a pencil.她用铅笔写那封信。

4.(表材料或内容)以，用
Fill the glass with wine.把杯子装满酒。

The road is paved with stones.这条路用石头铺砌。

5.(表状态)在…的情况下，…地
He can read French with ease.他能轻易地读法文。

I finished my homework though with difficulty.虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。

6.(表让步)尽管，虽然
With all his money,he is unhappy.尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。

With all his efforts,he lost the match.虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。

7.(表条件)若是，如果
With your permission,I’ll go.如蒙你同意我就去。

8.(表原因或理由)因为，由于
He is tired with work.他工作做累了。

At the news we all jumped with joy.听到这消息我们都高兴得跳了起来。

9.(表时间)当…的时候，在…之后
With that remark,he left.他说了那话就离开了。

With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened.天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。

10.(表同时或随同)与…一起，随着
The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day.那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。

11.(表伴随或附带情况)同时
I slept with the window open.我开着窗户睡觉。

Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴巴食物说话。

12.赞成，同意
I am with you there.在那点上我同你意见一致。

13.由…照看，交…管理，把…放在某处
I left a message for you with your secretary.我给你留了个信儿交给你的秘书了。

The keys are with reception.钥匙放在接待处。

14.(表连同或包含)连用，包含
The meal with wine came to￡8each.那顿饭连酒每人8英镑。

With preparation and marking a teacher works12hours a day.一位老师连备课带批改作业每天工作12小时。

15.(表对象或关系)对，关于，就…而言，对…来说
He is pleased with his new house.他对他的新房子很满意。

The teacher was very angry with him.老师对他很生气。

It’s the same with us students.我们学生也是这样。

16.(表对立或敌对)跟，以…为对手
The dog was fighting with the cat.狗在同猫打架。

He’s always arguing with his brother.他老是跟他弟弟争论。

17.(在祈使句中与副词连用)
Away with him!带他走！
Off with your clothes!脱掉衣服！
Down with your money!交出钱来！。