高二英语下册unit 13 The water planet.

高二英语下unit 13同步辅导学习导航教材知识归纳
重点词组和习惯用法归纳
1. be of benefit to 对…有益for the benefit of … 为了…的利益 benefit from 从…中获益
2. a range of 一排/系列 in range with 和… 并列 at close range 接近地 range from 从…的变化
3. all the way 一直/一路上
4. freezing 冰冷的 frozen 冻僵的
5. a mass of = masses of + 不/ 可数名词大量的 masses of work 大量的工作mass production 大量生产 mass communication 大众媒体
6. take advantage of 对…加以利用 gain/ have /win an advantage over = have the advantage of 胜过to one's advantage对某人有用
7. in substance 基本上/ 实质上in fact = as a matter of fact = in reality
屈服/ 呈交 give up 放弃 give out = be tired out 精疲力竭 give way to 让位于
9. be sensitive to 对…敏感
10. in motion 运动中 make a motion with one's hand 做手势
11. call in 召集/打电话 call for 要求 call forth 鼓起 call off 取消 call on sb to do sth 号召某人干某事 call up 回忆起
12. a variety of = various 种类繁多的/大量的
14. that is = that is to say 也就是说
15. break down 毁掉/分解/坏掉 break out 爆发 break up 拆散 16. be available to 为…所获得 the source of life 生命之源
17. be measured in 以…衡量 take measures 采取措施 in a / some measure 某些程度/几分measure one's height 量身高 measure the time / speed 计时make… to one's measure 按照某人尺寸做….
18. take advantage of 利用 gain / win / have an advantage over = have the advantage of 胜过
19. meet with accidents / difficulty / opposition 遭遇 / 经历
20. provide for = support 支持 / 供养 provided / providing that = on condition that = if 假使
21. 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词 / all the other + 复数名词 / 不定代词anything , anyone + else
22. have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 作乐 be full of fun 极有趣 make fun of = laugh at 嘲笑 It is great fun doing sth 干…很有乐趣
23. contribute to = make a contribution to 对…产生贡献/促进
contribute to = lead to = result in = bring about 导致 25. change one's mind 改变主意 change seats with sb 与某人换位置 I have no small change about 零钱 Let's go to a restaurant for a change. 更换 / 换口味 change into 变成change over to 转变成changeable 易变的 / 不稳定的
urn sth upside down把…倒过来
benefit from 从…中获益某物从…一直排到…
range …from …to …=range between…and … “…在…和…之间变化”
break down 分解，打破，破坏
at room temperature 在室温下
freezing point 冰点，零度
thus1=in this manner/way; so 这样，象这样2=hence, consequently 因而，因此mix sth and sth 把…和…混合起来
mix with 和…相混
mix sth with sth 用…来搅拌…
mix up 搅和，拌和
take advantage of =make use of 利用
be absorbed in 专心于
give off=release 放出，释放
call in sb=send for sb 派人去请
have fun on the beach 在海滩上嬉戏/玩耍
be sensitive to sth 对…敏感
compared to = compared with 和…比较起来（作状语）
词组短语归纳
词汇讲解，词组扩展： absorb v.
1 吸收
Use the cbth to absorb the ink. 用布吸干墨水。

She is a good student and absorbed new ideas quickly. 她是一个好学生，吸收新思想很快。

2 常用被动，be absorbed in全神贯注于；专心致志
His business absorbed him. / He is absorbed in his business. 他专心处理业务。

fabsorbing = very interesting 非常吸引人的；引人入胜的
absorbed (人精神集中的
absorbent 能吸收水分等的
1. benefit vi. 受益 n. 益处
1 benefit from / by sth. = receive benefit from 受益于；得益
Who will benefit from the old man's death? 那位老人死后谁将是受益人?
He hasn't benefited from the experience. 他虽有体验却无长进。

2 benefit vt. 使受益；有利于；有益于 = do good to, to be useful to
Such foolish behaviour will not benefit your case. 这种愚蠢的行为不会对你的情况有利。

3 n. 优越条件；利益；好处，相当于“pmfit, advantage, good effect”，通常与以下例句中所示的动词及介词连用。

She had the benefit of a good education. 她受过良好的教育，这是她的优越之处。

It is of great benefit to everyone. 这对于每个人都有极大的好处。

Because of illness, she didn't get much benefit from her stay abroad. 她呆在国外因病而没得到多大的收获。

【考点1】benefit 的用法
▲搭配：
① benefit from 从……中受益
② for the benefit of 为了某人的利益
▲句型：
① be of (great / much benefit to...= be (very beneficial to 对……有利／有益
②benefit sb / sth 使……获益
【考例1】The book is of ____ benefit ____ us.
A. great; for
B. much; for
C. very; beneficial
D. great; to
[考查目标]考查搭配与运用。

[答案与解析]D be of (great / much beneit to...=be (very beneficial to 表示“对……有利／有益”。

13. demand v. & n. 要求，需要
1 n. 要求，需要
It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 有求必应是不可能的。

Teachers are in great demand in this area. 在这个地区很需要教师。

2 v. 要求，需要
I demand that John (should go there at once. 我要约翰马上去那儿。

This work demands your patience. 这项工作需要你的耐心。

【考点3】demand 的用法
▲搭配：
① supply and demand 供需
② refuse / reject one's demand(s 拒绝某人的要求
③ satisfy / meet / fulfill one's demand(s 满足某人的要求
④ demand a reasonable (an immediate explanation / answer 要求合理(立即解释／答复
⑤ make strict demands on sb in sth 严格要求某人= be strict with sb in sth
▲ 句型：
① sb demand to do sth 要求做某事
② sb demand that主语 + (should do sth 要求某人做某事
③ sb demand of sb to do sth = demand one's doing sth 要求某人做某事
④ make the demand that主语 + (should do sth 要求某人做某事
⑤ sb. demand sth of / from sb (不容否定地向某人要求某事／某物
⑥ sth demand sth 需要
⑦ sb / sth be in great / high demand (in sp.(某地急需……
⑧ There is much / a great / no demand for sb / sth (in sp. 某地急需／不需要……
▲辨析：demand ；require
两词均意为“需要，需求”，但demand 指大胆地、权威性地要求对方或自己认为有权利向某人提供某物或提出做某事·其后不接动名词，可接名词或不定式，被要求人小直接作demand 的宾语。

require 指因有需要或有权要求某物或做某事。

含有权威性和公正性的语气。

【require 指根据事物内在原因提出的要求。

demand ，require 后接宾语从句时．都要用虚拟语气。

】▲ 友情提示：
(1 禁止使用demand sb to do sth 结构。

(2“某地急需…”还可表达为
① sth be in great need in sp.
② sb / sp. be in great need of sth
③ sp. is short of sth 紧缺……
【考例3l She ____ us to go there at once.
A. demanded
B. hoped
C. required
D. refused
[考查目标] 动词的常见结构及用法。

[答案与解析]C demand 和hope ，refuse 都只能直接接to 如作宾语，而不接sb to do sth结构。

【考点9】discuss 的用法
▲ 构词：discussion 讨论；议论；辩论；论述；商议
▲ 搭配：
① discuss sth in groups 分组讨论某事
② (be under discussion (作表语或后置定语= (be being discussed ……(正在讨论巾
③ take part in a discussion (on sth参加(某事的讨论
▲句型：
① discuss sth (with sb (和某人讨论某事
② discuss (with sb wh- + to do sth / wh- + clause / how sth should be done
③ discuss doing sth 讨论干某事
④ Discussion(s be going on among sb about sth 某人就某事展开了讨论
⑤ sth come up for discussion 某事(被提出讨论
⑥ have / hold a (+形容词 discussion about / on / over sth (with sb (和某人如何讨论有关某事常见形容词有heated (热烈，hot (热烈，stormy (激烈的，further (进一步，friendly (友好，long (长时间，much (多，brief (简短的，full (充分的；have another discussion about / on sth 再次讨论有关某事
▲友情提示：discuss 是及物动词，后面不能再跟about ，但用名词discussion 表达讨论某事时，则必须跟about 或on.
【考例9】After the meeting，you should ____ about the topic of the subject with the famous scientist.
A. discuss
B. quarrel
C. debate
D. fight
[考查目标] 考查动词的词义与辨析。

[答案与解析]A discuss 表示“讨论”；quarrel 表示“争吵”；debate 表示“争辩”；fight 表示“打斗”。

【考点10】end 的用法
▲ 构词：
① ending n. 结尾；结局
② endless adj. 无穷尽的；无休止的
③ endlessly adv. 无穷尽地；无休止地
▲ 搭配：
① at the end (of 在……最后；在……尽头
② end up 结束；终结；告终
③ end up with 以……告终
④ end in success / failure 以成功／失败而告终
⑤ put an end to sth (=end sth 结束……
⑥ sth come to an end (= sth end ……结束了
⑦ sth draw to an end 接近尾声
⑧ bring sth to an end 使……结束
⑨ call for / demand an end to sth 要求结束……
⑩ in the end 最后；终于
⑩ at the end 最后
⑩ at the end of + (时间段或地点名词在……末尾
⑩ by the end of 到……为止(强调时间的段
⑩ at the other end of... 在……的那一头
⑩ at either end of 在……(两者的任一头
⑩ fight to the end 战斗到底
▲ 句型：
① by the end of + 过去时间(主语 + had + pp.; by the end of + 将来时间(主语 + will have + pp. ② sth end (up with...；sb end up...with... 以……结束
③ sth end (= sth be over... ……结束了 end sth 结束
▲辨析：complete ；end ；finish
该组词均有“完成，结束，终止”之意。

但end 为普通用词，指一种活动因达到目的而自然结束或因某一原因突然终止，可以用来作业、演讲、争论、旅行、战争或生命等的结束、终止。

还可用作名词。

finish 为常用词，指完成一件事或一个动作，强调圆满地结束已着手的事情，可与名词、动名词搭配，但不能与不定式搭配。

complete 正式用语。

与finish 基本同义。

着重指完成预定的任务．多用来指完成整个计划、工程系统。

一个作家可以说 complete 或 finish (写完他的小说，而一个读者只能说 finish (读完一本小说。

complete 可以表示使某事物完善，补足缺少的部分，使之成为一个整体。

而 finish 则不能。

例如： He ended his letter with good wishes to the family. 他以向全家问好结束他的信。

He has finished writing a speech. 他写好了一篇发言稿。

He completed the whole job in two days. 他用两天时间做完了全部工作。

【考例10】(2003上海春招 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ ln Beijing.
A. would be completed
B. was being completed
C. has been completed
D. had been completed
[考查目标] 考查时态的具体运用。

[答案与解析]D By the end of last year 暗示要使用过去完成时态
课文要点解析：
Section I 课前准备、听力、口语 1. Practise making suggestions and expressing opinions. 练习提出建议并发表观点。

(p. 17 Goals 2
▲ practise vt. 练习
practise 后面的动词一般要用-ing 形式。

类似practise 这种接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词还有：finish, enjoy, mind, give up, can't help, suggest, keep等。

如：① I practise playing the piano every day. 我每天练习弹钢琴。

② She had finished writing the letter when I went in. 我进去时她已写完信了。

③He enjoys skating very much. 他非常喜欢溜冰。

④ Do you mind closing the window? 请你把窗户关上好吗? ⑤ Mary couldn't help laughing at Tom's joke. 对于Tom 的玩笑，Mary 忍不住笑了。

拓展：practice n. in practice实际上put sth. into practice将…付诸实施 2. Fill one glass with fresh water and another glass with salt water. 在一个玻璃杯里装满淡水另一个玻璃杯里装满盐水。

( p.17 Warming up No.4
▲ fill 的用法 (1 使满；填满 He filled the bath with water. 他把浴缸装满水。

(2 占有(地位，任(职位 The position of the principal is not yet filled. 校长的职位还空着。

(3 供应(需求① His answer did not fill our need. 他的回答无法满足我们的要求。

② Fill in your telephone number. 请填写你的电话号码。

③ The room was filled with laughter. 房间里充满了笑声。

④ I have filled up the bottle. 我把瓶子装满了。

▲拓展：fill in填写(事项，表格等 fill...with...把……装满 be filled with = be full of 充满 fill up 装满；填写(= fill in 3. What can we do to protect the water on our planet? 我们能做些什么来保护我们这个星球上的水呢？(p.17 倒数第1行
▲protect保护，防御常与介词against (from连用，译为“保护……免遭”。

① He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴着太阳镜以挡强烈的阳光。

② The heavy rain kept us from going out. 大雨使我们无法出去。

▲注意：stop (prevent…from doing中from 可省去；keep…from doing中from 不可省。

▲拓展：keep…from...阻止(妨碍…做…= stop… (from…= prevent … from ... 4. Who tells the story in the poem?谁讲了这首诗里的故事？ ( p.18 Part 1 No. 1
▲tell的重要句型归纳
(1 tell + n.(人 + n. = tell + n. + to + n. (人 Did you tell your parents the news? =Did you tell the news to your parents? 你把这消息告诉你父母了吗?
(2 tell + n. (人 + (that／wh... ① He told me(thathe would be back in an hour. 他告诉我，一个小时内他就回来。

② He told her what had happened. 他告诉她发生了什么事。

(3 tell + n. (人 + of (about He told me of (about his worries.他告诉我他的烦恼。

▲ 拓展：
tell + n. + from + n. 辨别……和…… all told总共
Don't tell me! 不至于吧! I (can tell you. 的确，真的
There is no telling. 不得而知；很难说。

to tell the truth 老实说
① It's sometimes hard to tell one twin from the other. 双胞胎有时很难分辨。

②
All told, there were 350 people killed in the plane crash. 那次坠机事件中总共有350人丧生。

③Don't tell me you are going back to your hometown. 你不至于要回到你的故乡吧。

④It's a wonderful invention, I (can tell you. 那的确是个了不起的发明。

⑤There is no telling where he is. 无法知道他到底在哪里。

5. Work with your partner and see whether you can come up with a good, scary story… 跟你的同伴一同看看是否
能想出一个好的，引起惊慌的故事… (p.18 Liste ning Part 2 No. 4 come up with的用法
▲come up with在本单元中作“提出”“想出”解。

如：① The young engineer came up with a new design. 那个年轻工程师提出一种新的设计方案。

②The magazine recently came up with some advice on smoking.该杂志最近就吸烟问题提出一些忠告。

③ You've come up with a good idea. 你想出的主意好极了。

④ Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world's food supply. 科学家们必须找出增加全世界食品供应的新方法。

▲ come up with 有“拿出…” “筹措钱”之意。

如：① If Waths can come up with $15 million, we'll go to London. 如果瓦茨能够拿出一千五百万美元，我们就去伦敦。

② You have no choice but t0 come up with ￡18, 000.你别无选择，必须拿出一万八千英镑。

▲ come up with亦可作“赶上”解。

如：① Let's hurry up so that we may come up with them. 咱们快些走，以便赶上他们。

② We shall have to work hard so as to come up with the other firm. 我们得努力工作才能赶上另一家商行。

6. Who benefits from using water in this way.以这种方法用水谁受益了? (p. 18 Speaking 第5 点▲ benefit的用法
(1 n. 利益；益处 I get a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language. 从学习外语中我得到许多益处。

▲ 注意：以下两个短语：be of benefit to对……有裨益；for the benefit of为了……(的利益。

① That experience was of great benefit to me. 那个经验对我很有益处。

②We must make efforts to take exercise for the benefit of our health. 为了健康我们必须努力锻炼身体。

(2 vi. 有益于① Such foolish behaviour will not benefit your ease. 这样愚蠢的行为将无益于你的案子。

② I benefited enormously from my father's advice. 我从父亲的忠告中获益良多。

【注】benefit 可作为及物动词用，意为“有益于”。

如：①The trade agreement will greatly benefit the developing countries.贸易会谈将大大的有益于发展中国家。

②The new railway will benefit the district. 这条新铁路将会给这个地区带来好处。

③The long rest benefited her. 长期休息对她有好处。

▲ benefit from ／by 的用法: benefit from ／by 意为“从……中得益”“得益于……”。

如：① We can all benefit from his knowledge. 我们均可得益于他的知识。

② You benefit from what he told you in the letter. 你会从他的信中受益。

Section II 阅读 7. 99% percent of the living space on earth is in the oceans. 地球上百分之九十九的生存空间是在海洋里。

(p.19 第一段第2－3行
▲百分数作主语时，即percent 后有数词时，应注意两点：一是percent 不能用复数形式；二是谓语动
词的单复数。

如果percent of后的名词为单数，谓语动词用单数；其后的名词为复数，谓语动词则用复数。

如：① About 70 percent of the surface of the earth is water.地球表面大约百分之七十是水。

② Eight percent of the students are absent today.今天有百分之八的学生缺席。

【注】percent 可作为副词用，在句中作状语。

如：①I notice you don't say that you're a hundred percent convinced yourself. 我注意到你没有让你自己完全信服。

②
Prices have risen 5. 5 percent in the past year. 过去一年物价上涨了5.5%。

③ I think
it's ninety percent probable. 我想有百分之九十的可能性。

【注】percent 也可作形容词用，在句中充当定语。

如： I paid him six percent interest.我付给他百分之六的利息。

【注】percentage 意为“百分比”，多与of 连用。

如果连用的名词是复数，后面的动词就用复数形式，否则用单数形式。

如：① What percentage of babies die of this disease every year? 每年婴儿死于这种疾病的百分率是多少? ② What percentage 0f his income is paid in income tax? 他的收入有多大比例用来交所得税? 8. Marine life is incredibly rich and varied. 海洋生物极其丰富多样。

(p.19 第一段第3行▲varied
是由动词vary 变化而来的过去分词，在句中作定语或表语。

如：① The menu is varied and cheap. 菜单上的菜花样很多也很便宜。

② They made varied efforts to bring about a peaceful solution of the problems. 他们做了种种努力来和平解决这些问题。

③ They are rich in content and varied in style. 它们内容丰富、风格多样。

④ He had had varied training and had held many offices.他受过多种训练并担任过多种职务。

▲动词vary 意为“有差异”“有变化”时，是不及物动词。

如：① Courses vary according to the needs of the students. 课程根据学生的需要而不同。

②People vary very much in their ideas. 人与人的想法差别是很大的。

③ The answers given by different people vary greatly.不同人作出的回答，差别非常大。

▲vary可作及物动词，意思是“使……有变化”“变换”。

如：①You should vary your diet. 你的饮食应经常变换花样。

② She varies her dress as fashion changes. 她的衣着随潮流而变化。

【注】vary 充当及物动词时，可用现在分词作定语。

如：varying prices 不断变化的价格。

9. There are about five million species in the oceans and we have yet to learn much about them. 海洋里大约有500万种生物有关这些种群的情况，我们还有许多东西要了解。

(p.19第一段第4行
1 species
▲ species 意为“种”“类”。

单复数同形，主要指生物学上有相同特征的动植物品种、种类。

如：① The agri- cultural extort has developed a productive species of rice.这个农业专家培育出一种高产水稻品种。

② Pandas are an endangered species. 熊猫是一种濒临灭绝的动物。

③ Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not adapt to a changing environment.有一些动物已经灭绝了，因为它们不能适应环境的变化。

【注】species 可用来表示“人类”。

如：① The use of nuclear weapons is a horrible threat to the species. 核武器的使用对人类是一个严重的威胁。

② The protection of our environment will benefit the human species.保护环境有益于全人类。

【注】 species在口语中表示“种类”，相当于a kind ，a type ，a sort 。

如：①Various species of business advertise- ments on the television sometimes make TV programs rather dull. 电视上五花八门的商业广告有时使电视节目十分乏味。

②A strange species of car attracted the attention of people. 一种形状奇特的轿车引起了人们的注意。

【注】英语中还有specie 这个词，不要把它误认为是species 的单数，这是两个完全不同的词。

specie 意为“硬币”。

2 yet在肯定句中的意思和用法。

▲yet一般用于否定句和疑问句，意为“还”“已经”。

如：① I don't want to go away yet.我现在还不想离开。

② The moon had not yet risen.月亮还没有升起。

③ I wonder if she's started yet.
不知她开始了没有。

▲在个别情况下yet 也可用在肯定句中，意为“还”“又”。

如：① It was too early yet to tell anything. 现在要说什么还为时过早。

② I have a few more pages to read yet. 我还有几页书要看。

③ Much yet remains to be done. 还有很多事等着去做。

▲yet可用来表示将来还可能发生某事，意为“迟早”“终归”。

如：① The plan may yet succeed. 这个计划还可能成功。

②It will be colder yet before spring comes.
春天到来之前还可能更冷一些。

③ The thief will be caught yet.小偷迟早会被抓住的。

▲yet可作连词用，意为“但是”“然而”。

如：①Jane said she Was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now. 简说她病了，但我刚才还看到她在街上。

② I gave him all he asked for，yet he is still not satisfied. 我给了他所要的一切，但是他仍然不满意。

▲yet也可以和and 连用，表示“但是”。

如：He's plea- sant enough, and yet I don't like him. 他够招人喜欢的，但我不喜欢他。

【注】still ，already 和yet 都有“还”“仍然”之意，但是有差别。

still 暗示对某事件持续时间比预料的长而感到惊讶。

如：The coffee is still hot. (咖啡还是热的。

already用于表达对某事物发生时间比预料的时间早而感到惊讶。

如：The coffee is cold already．(咖啡已经凉了。

yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中，在正式语体中有时可代替still 。

如：I have still／yet to hear the truth. (我仍然未被告知真相。

10. Life in the ocean ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like sharks and whales. 海洋里的生物中从微小的浮游生物到巨大的动物如鲨鱼和鲸鱼都有。

(p.19 第一段第5－6行▲range在本单元中作不及物动词用，意为“在一定范围、幅度内变动”。

range 的此种用法无进行时态，常与介词from…to…或between 连用。

如：①Sentences today range from 5 or 6 words to 70, with the majority not far from 20. 现在的句子长度从五、六个词到七十个词不等。

不过大多数句子的长度在二十个字左右。

② His interests ranged from chess to surfing. 他的爱好从下棋到冲浪，无所不有。

③Their ages ranged from 25 to 50. 他们的年龄在二十五岁到五十岁之间。

④ The temperature ranges between 0℃and 30℃. 气温在摄氏零度到30度之间。

* range后接介词over 时表示“漫游…” “涉及”“包括”。

如：①We ranged over the hills and valleys. 我们在山上和山谷中漫游。

② Our conversation ranged over many topics. 我们的谈话涉及许多话题。

【注】range 作“漫游”解释时，可作为及物动词用。

如：He spent the summer ranging the countryside. 他在乡间漫游，度过了夏天。

▲ all the way 意为“一直”“始终”，也可以用the whole way 。

如：① There being no bus, he had to walk all the way home. 没有公共汽车，他不得不一直步行到家。

② I'll support him all the way whatever happens. 不管发生什么事，我将始终支持他。

③ The dog has been with me all the way. 这条狗一直跟着我。

▲ up to此处是与from 连用的。

up to单独使用时有“直到”“至多”之意。

如：① It could be up to two years before the project is completed. 可能需要两年时间这项
工程才能完成。

② She was here up to a few minutes ago. 她直到数分钟前还在这里。

③ Our minibus can hold up to eight people. 我们的小车能容纳8人。

④ Up to now
I've never met him. 一直到现在，我还没见过他。

【注】up to有很多意思，常见的还有“忙于…”“由……决定、负责”。

如：① What have you been up to all day while I've been busy? 我整天忙着的时候你在干什么? ②Go and see what these girls are up to.去看看这些女孩子在干什么。

③ It's up to you whether you decide t0 take the job. 要不要这份工作由你自己决定。

④ It's up to you to break the news to him. 该由你把这消息告诉他。

【注】up to 还可作“及得上”“可以与……相比较”解。

如：① This new book of Green's isn't up to his last. 格林的这本书不如上一本好。

② He is not up to his father as a scholar. 作为学者他不如他父亲。

11. What makes the ocean such a great place to live? 究竟是什么东西使海洋成为如此优越的生活
场所呢？(p.19 第一段倒数第2－1行▲ make的用法归纳
(1 make + n. + n. 使…① In 1849, Marx went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work. 1849年马克思到了英国，把伦敦作为从事革命工作的基地。

② We made him monitor. 我们选他当班长。

▲ 注意：当表示独一无二的职位名词作宾补时，例如：president ，
chairman ，manager 等，名词前不加冠词。

(2 make + n. + adj. 使…They've made their hometown rich. 他们已使家乡富有了。

(3 make + n. + do sth. 使某人做某事 The boss made him work 10 hours a day. 老
板让他每天工作10小时。

▲ 注意：此句型若变成被动语态，后面的动词前要加“to”，构成“be made to do sth.”。

He was made to work 10 hours a day．他被迫一天工作10小时。

(4 make + n. + 过去分词She couldn't make herself heard. 别人听不到她的话。

12. Water is actually quite simple, but the way the water molecule is formed gives water its unique properties. 水实际上很简单，但是水分子组成的方式赋予它独特的特性。

(p.19 Chemical Structure 第2－3行
▲way在此处表示“方式”，其后的定语从句的关系代词that 或in which 均可省去。

如：① That's the way I look at it. 这就是我对此的看法。

② I don't like the way you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你那样嘲笑她。

③ People like the way he wrote. 人们喜欢
他写作的方式。

④ The way you are doing it is completely crazy. 你这么个干法，简直是疯了。

【注】way 后面除了跟省去关系代词的定语从句外，还可以跟不定式或动名词，两者之间没有重要的区别。

如：①He had no way to communicate with them. 他没有办法和他们取得联系。

② There is only one way of doing this properly. 只有一种办法能把这事办好。

③ What's the way to address her? 应以怎样的方式称呼她? ④ I have no way of finding out whether they are competent. 我没办法弄清楚他们是否胜任。

【注】在in…way作状语时，in 也可以省掉。

如：① They both answered the same way. 他们都以同样的方式回答。

② I'm going to do it my way. 我要按我自己的办法去做。

③ You can't do it this way. 你不能这样做。

▲unique意为“独特的”“独一无二的”。

如：① She was a woman of unique talent and determination. 她是个具有无与伦比的才能和决心的女人。

②The stamp is unique; there are no others like it.这邮票是独一无二的，再也没有像这样的了。

③ The area has its own unique language. 这个地区只有一种自己的语言。

④ As a writer he has his own unique style.作为作家他有其独特的风格。

⑤ The young author wrote a unique book about life with city. 那位青年作家写了一本独特的关于这座城市生活的书。

13. The water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. 水分子由
二个氢原子和一个氧原子构成。

(p.19 Chemical Structure 第3－4行
▲ make up of常用被动式，意为“由……所组成”。

如：① The train was made up
of 15 coaches. 这列火车有15节车厢。

② All living matter is made up of cells. 一切有生命的东西都由细胞组成。

③ Paper, for instance, is made up of transparent fibers.例
如纸就是由透明纤维构成的。

④ New England is made up of six states. 新英格兰包括6个州。

▲make up 可作“弥补…”“赔偿”“补足”解。

如：① We'll do all we can to make up the economic losses. 我们要尽一切力量弥补这些经济损失。

② This will make up for what he lacked in book knowledge. 这就可以补足他所缺少的书本知识。

③ The new teacher made up for his inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson. 这位新教师每节课都认真准备，以此弥补自己的经验不足。

▲make up 亦可作“编选”“虚构”解。

如：①These dances were made up by the students themselves. 这些舞蹈都是学生们自己编排的。

② She made up an excuse to explain her absence. 她编了一套理由来
解释自己为什么缺席。

③ He asked each of us to make up a dialogue. 他让我们每人编一段对话。

▲make up还有“和解”“言归于好”之意。

如：① She told us about their quarrels and how they made up. 她给我们讲到了他们的争吵以及他们怎样又和好。

②When a quarrel has once been made up, the best thing is to forget it. 一场争吵和解后，最好是把它忘掉。

③They advised him to make things up with his wife. 他们劝他和妻子言归于好。

▲make up亦有“做成”“铺好”之意。

如：① Then they made them up into tablets.然后他们把它们制成了药。

② They made up their beds immediately after getting up.他们一起身就把床铺好。

14. Because water is polar，it can break down or dissolve both solids and gases. 因为水是带正电的，所以它能分解固体和气体。

(p.19 Chemical Structure 第6行
▲break down是个常用词组，我们在高二上册同步讲解中已作过解释，但此处break down作“分解”解。

如：① Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体里的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。

② The figures on living expenses must be broken down into food, shelter, education, medical bills and so on. 生活消费的数字必须细分为食物类、住房类、教育类、医疗费类等等。

③ After many years, rocks broke down into dirt. 岩石经年累月之后分化成尘土。

▲break down还有很多解释，常见的有“(身体垮了”“(计划失败” “(精神支持不住了”。

如：① His health broke down because he had strained himself too much in his work. 他因工作劳累过度而把身体搞垮了。

② Marc broke down tearfully when she was told the death of her husband.玛丽听到他丈夫的死时痛哭流涕。

③ Their plan has broken down.他们的计划失败了。

▲break down可作“(机器等坏了”解。

如：① Then the car I was in broke down. 那时我乘坐的汽车坏了。

②When the pumps broke down, they would repair them for us. 水泵坏了，他们就帮我们修。

③ The washing machine seems to have broken down again. 洗衣机好像又坏了。