《中国传统文化》英文版本 5.四书.ppt

《论语》
——为人之道
The Analects
▪ The Confucian Analects or The Analects is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples. It was complied in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples made according to the answers the Master gave to their questions.
▪ The Four Books refers to: ▪ The Great Learning ▪ The Doctrine of the Mean ▪ The Analects (of Confucius), or Confucian
Analects ▪ The Works of Mencius.
国人不可不知的5句《论语》经典
▪ 5.“子贡问政”。子曰：“足兵、足食、民 信之矣” 。
▪ “自古皆有死，民无信不立”。（论语颜渊 篇）
《中庸》
——处世之道
Doctrine of the mean
▪ By the mean, Confucius meant that all things connected with man should strike the proper, and shouldn’t go beyond or fall short of it.
The DLeabharlann ctrine of the Mean
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
万天致天和天中谓发谓喜
物地中下也下也之而之怒
育位和之者之者和皆中哀
焉焉，达，大，。中；乐
。， 道 本
节之
也也
，未
。；
发
，
中庸之道
▪ 阐旧邦以辅新命； ▪ 极高明而道中庸。 ——冯友兰
The Analects
▪ Benevolence embodies the ethical system of Confucius. “The benevolent love others.” Benevolence is in fact the moral codes regarding self-cultivation and interpersonal relationship. It, in the eyes of Confucius, is the noblest character and moral state embracing and commanding all virtues. Benevolence, in the book of Analects by Confucius, includes modesty, leniency, faithfulness, resourcefulness, kindness, bravery, wisdom, and honesty with slowness of speech, loyalty, tolerance, studiousness, etc.
中庸之道
▪ 1.或曰：“以德抱怨何如？”(论语.宪问篇) ▪ 子曰：“何以报德？” “以直报怨，以德报
德”。 ▪ 2.子贡问：“师与商也孰贤？”子曰：“师
也过，商也不及。”曰：“ 然则师愈与？” 子曰：“过犹不及。” (论语.先进篇) ▪ 3.子游曰：“事君数，斯辱矣；朋友数，斯 疏矣。”（论语.里仁篇）
国人不可不知的5句《论语》经典
▪ 3. 仲弓问仁。子曰：“出门如见大宾，使民 如承大祭。己所不欲，勿施于人。在邦无怨， 在家无怨。”仲弓曰：“雍虽不敏，请事斯 语矣。” (卷六 颜渊第十二)
国人不可不知的5句《论语》经典
▪ 4.有子曰：“礼之用，和为贵。先王之道斯 为美，小大由之。有所不行，知和而和，不 以 礼节之，亦不可行也。” (卷一 学而第 一)
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
The Great Learning
在在在大 止亲明学 于民明之 至，德道 善 ，，
。
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
与为为为为
国人人人人
人父子臣君
交，，，，
—— ·
，止止止止 止于于于于
大
《 传 第
于 信 。
慈 ；
孝 ；
敬 ；
仁 ；
学
三
章
》
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
The Great Learning
The Great Learning
▪ The authorship of the book is not clear. It is assumed that it is the work of, one of Confucius’ disciples, or that the disciple got it from Confucius. That is why Zhu Xi regarded, in a short commentary called Daxue Zhangjv, the first part of the book as the Canon, and the rest of the book explaining the canon as Commentaries, which are further divided into 10 parts.
How to learn the Four Books?
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ——
以次以次以次以“
求读观读定读定先
古《其《其《其读
人中发孟根论规《
微庸越子本语模大
朱妙》；》；》；学
熹处， ， ， 》
”
，
。
《大学》
——治学之道
The Great Learning
▪ The Great Learning is in fact an essay in The Book of Rites. It is about the cultivation of one’s moral character and the wisdoms of governing a country during the “daxue” (or great learning or higher education) period of ancient China.
国人不可不知的5句《论语》经典
▪ 1.子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自 远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君 子 乎？” (卷一 学而第一 )
国人不可不知的5句《论语》经典
▪ 2. 司马牛忧曰：“人皆有兄弟，我独亡。” 子夏曰：“商闻之矣：死生有命，富贵在天。 君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼。四海之内， 皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也？” (卷六 颜渊第十二 )
致欲欲欲欲欲先古 知诚正修齐治治之 在其其其其其其欲 格意心身家国国明 物者者者者者；明 。，，，，， 德
先先先先先 于 致诚正修齐 天 其其其其其 下 知意心身家 者 ；；；；； ，
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
The Great Learning
国家身心意知物 治齐修正诚至格 而而而而而而而 后后后后后后后 天国家身心意知 下治齐修正诚至 平，，，，，， 。
The Doctrine of the Mean
▪ The Doctrine of the Mean is another essay in The Book of Rites. It is about the Confucian philosophy of life. According to the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty, while The Great Learning is a gateway to perfect virtue, The Doctrine of the Mean teaches the ways of the world. The Mean, a typical Confucian concept, is composed of two Chinese characters. Zhong means neither too many nor too few, neither too much nor too little; and yong means neither outstanding nor common.
The Four Books
The Four Books
▪ The Four Books and The Five Classics were the canonical works of the Confucian culture in the feudal society in ancient China.