译林牛津版必修4Unit 2 Sporting events Grammar and usage (共61张PPT)

Obligation: You must fasten your seat belts. (strong) You should pay attention. (weak) You ought to pay attention. Certainty: It may rain. How could I forget an important thing like that? He can’t / couldn’t have known the result. Permission: All passengers may now board. We can board now.
be able to 能用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。 was / were able to 设法做成某事 相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.
Can/could和be able to
1) can的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话者的推测、事物的可能性: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中，can可以表示请求或允许： eg. Can I sit here?
3) be able to 的用法： A. 表示能力时，比can更正式。 B. be able to 可用于不同的时态，也可用 于另一个情态动词之后。 I’m sorry I haven’t been able to play tennis with you recently. Wang Gang might be able to win the chess game. can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已 经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中，表示 不相信、怀疑等态度。 They can't have gone out because the light is still on.
Fill in the blanks. 1. At the ancient Olympics, by tradition the athletes were all men and they _______ had to compete wearing no clothes. 2. I am sure the whole of China ______ must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medals. 3. Today, both male and female athletes can take part. from around the world _____ can find advertisements 4. Nowadays, we _____ almost wherever we go.
go Ready?
5. …, so shouldn’t ________ you buy the very freshest food? 6. We ______ must not fall for this kind of trick! 7. We ______ must all use our intelligence and not to be a slave to them! 8. In fact, we ____________________ would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. might be better there and 9. The weather ______ might be able to get a taxi. you ______ 10. She _______ could feel her heart beating with fear.
什么是情态动词？(modal verbs) 情态动词表示说话人的某种 感情或语气，对某一动作 或状态的某种态度。 表示“需要、可以、 必须、应当”等。
Note 1
functions of Modal verbs
能力 职责 确定 许可
Note 2
ability obligation certainty permission
情态动词 对将来 对现在
对过去
否定的 推测 can’t/ couldn’t
疑问的 推测 can/could
+ V.
+ V. / + be + have done doing + V. / + + have done be doing
+ V.
1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。
表示能力: can, couFra bibliotekd, be able to
1. At the ancient Olympics, by tradition the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes. 2. I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medals. 3. Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part. 4. Nowadays, we can find advertisements almost wherever we go. (Unit 1)
a person who is a member of a particular country and who has rights because of being born there or because of being given rights, or a person who lives in a particular town or city citizen n. 公民；居民 a piece of underwear worn under a shirt, etc. next to the skin; a special piece of clothing that covers the upper part of the body vest n. 背心，汗衫；坎肩
Make requests: Can you help me with my training? Make suggestions: Shall we do some exercise this morning? Make offers: I’ll wash your sports jacket. Shall I get a ticket for you? Give advice: You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming.
5. …, so shouldn’t you buy the very freshest food? (Unit 1) 6. We must not fall for this kind of trick! (Unit 1) 7. We must all use our intelligence and not to be a slave to them! (Unit 1) 8. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. (Module 3) 9. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi. (Module 3) 10. She could feel her heart beating with fear. (Module 3)
a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles, roads, etc.; a vehicle or method of travel; the activity or business of carrying goods from one place to another using lorries/trucks, trains, etc. transport n. 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输 to take goods or people from one place to another vt. 运输，运送
To learn the general meanings and functions of modal verbs To learn how to use several common modal verbs
To learn the differences of the three pairs of modal verbs on page 30
表示许可: may / might, can / could
might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑 问句。 can, may 表达的语言比较随便。 在以could, might 表示征询对方意见 或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may。
2) could的主要用法是：
A. could是can的过去式，表示与过去
有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldn’t be a doctor. B. could可以代替can表示请求，但语 气较can客气、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?
make requests 提出要求 make 给出建议 suggestions make 提供帮助 offers give 提出忠告 advice
Words like can, will, may, must, and a few others are called modals. Modal verbs help other verbs express a meaning or an idea. Some common uses of the modals are these: Ability: He can speak English now. He couldn’t speak English a year ago. I’m not able to come to the game on Friday.
表示推测——情态动词的重要用法
情态动词 对将来 肯定的 推测 must 对现在 对过去
+ V. 常见 + V. / + + have done must be be doing
可能的 + V. / + + have + V. be doing done 推测 may/might 可以用not表示“可能不”
clothes worn next to the skin, under other underwear clothes n. 内衣 a covered metal or plastic container with a handle and a shaped opening for pouring, used for boiling water kettle n. （烧水用的）壶，水壶 used after an order or suggestion to show what the result will be if you do not follow that order or suggestion adv. 否则，不然 otherwise