2019-2020学年人教版英语必修一讲义：Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Learning a

姓名，年级：
时间：
Section ⅢLearning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1。

damage n．& vt。

损失；损害
2.sincerely adv。

真诚地;真挚地
3。

express vt。

表示;表达
n. 快车；速递
4。

reporter n. 记者
拓展词汇
5。

frighten vt。

使惊吓;吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj。

令人恐惧的
6。

congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺
7。

judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定;判断；判决→judgment n．审判；判决；裁判；判断
8。

cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle vi。

骑自行车
阅读词汇
9。

bar n．条;棒；条状物
10。

outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
11。

headline n. 报刊的大字标题
重点短语
1。

a letter of invitation 邀请信
2。

give a speech 作演讲
3.be proud of 为……而自豪
4.express thanks to sb。

表达对某人的谢意
5。

give out 放出；分发；用光；耗尽
6。

be known as 作为……而出名
重点句型
1.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed(所有的评委赞成）that it was the best one this year.
2。

as引导定语从句，意为“正如,正像……”
As you know（正如你所知道的), this is the day the quake happened。

.years ago。

3。

be doing sth. when.。

.“正在做某事这时……"
The man was sleeping downstairs when（正在楼下睡觉这时） the earthquake happened。

Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the speaking competition about？
A．The earthquake which happened in Tangshan。

B．The old Tangshan.
C．New Tangshan.
D．New China.
2．Why will the city open a new park?
A．To honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster。

B．To honour the students who have won the speaking competition。

C．To show respect to the heroes who died for the new Tangshan。

D．To show respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan。

3．When did the terrible earthquake happen in Tangshan?
A．On August 26.
B．On August 27.
C．On July 27.
D．On July 28。

4．If you are the student who has won the competition，who can you bring to the park？A．Your family.
B．Your friends.
C．Your family and teachers.
D．Your friends and family.
答案：1－4。

CADD
①congratulation［kənˌɡrætʃʊ'leɪʃn］n。

祝贺；（复数)贺词
②be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某事
③judge［dʒʌdʒ]n.裁判员；法官
vt. 断定；判断；判决
judging from/by.。

根据……判断,常作状语。

④be proud of...为……感到自豪，因……而骄傲
⑤honour vt。

尊重，尊敬
n．荣幸，光荣
⑥would like to do sth.希望做某事
⑦have sb。

do sth.让某人做某事
⑧family 在这里指“家人".
⑨sincerely[sɪn’sɪəlɪ]adv。

真诚地；真挚地
Office of the City Government
Tangshan， Hebei
China
July 5, 201______
Dear________,
Congratulations①！ We are pleased to② tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges ③，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year。

Your parents and your school should be very proud of④ you！
◆此处为all of whom引导的定语从句，修饰先行词judges。

Next month the city will open a new park to honour⑤ those who died in the terrible disaster. The park will also honour those who helped the survivors.Our office would like to⑥ have you speak⑦ to the park visitors on July 28 at 11：00 am. As you know，this is the day the quake happened ________ years ago。

◆此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；who不能省略,也不能用that替换。

◆As在此引导定语从句,指代整个主句的内容.
We invite you to bring your family⑧ and friends on that special day.
Sincerely⑨,
Zhang Sha
中国河北省唐山市政府办公室
201________年7月5日
亲爱的________：
祝贺你!我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中组演讲比赛中获胜了。

(评委会的）五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。

你的父母和你的学校应该为你感到非常骄傲！
下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些为幸存者提供过帮助的人致敬。

我们办公室希望你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者做演讲.正如你所知道的，________年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子.
在那个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你带着你的家人和朋友一起来。

张莎敬上
damage n．& vt。

损失；损害
（经典例句）This could cause serious damage to our environment.
这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。

(1）错误!对……造成损害
(2）damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视.
[链接写作］——一句多译
众所周知，吸烟会损害我们的健康。

①As we all know， smoking can do damage to our health．（damage n．)
②It is well known that smoking can damage our health．（damage vt.）
frightening adj。

令人恐惧的
（教材P28)It was a frightening night。

这是一个骇人的夜晚.
(1）frighten vt. 使惊吓;吓唬
frighten sb. into/out of （doing)sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
（2）frightened adj。

受惊的；受恐吓的
①With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless。

在这么令人恐惧的情况下没人能求助,她感到非常绝望。

②The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper。

那个人恐吓那位老太太，使她签了文件.
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The frightening news made all of them frightened to death。

（frighten）
②The news was frightening and they were all frightened．(frighten)
③The little boy was frightened（frighten） of talking with his teacher face to face。

congratulation n．祝贺；（复数）贺词
（教材P30)Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. 祝贺你！我们很高兴地告诉你,你在以新唐山为主题的高中组演讲比赛中获胜了。

（1)offer/send/express congratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事
(2)congratulate v. 祝贺，向……致贺词
congratulate sb。

on/upon sth./doing sth. 就某事向某人祝贺
①We offered him our congratulations on his passing the entrance exam。

我们祝贺他通过了入学考试。

②Let’s go and congratulate him on being accepted by Tsinghua University.
他被清华大学录取了，我们去祝贺他吧。

[链接写作]-—一句多译
我真诚地祝贺你从北京大学毕业。

①I sincerely express my congratulations to you on your graduating from Beijing University。

(congratulation)
②I sincerely congratulate you on your graduating from Beijing University。

（congratulate）
judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决
(经典例句)I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school。

我写信邀请你担任在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。

（1)judge..。

from/by.。

. 从……来判断……
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断,我认为
（2)judging by/from.。

. 根据……判断
①As the saying goes，“We should never judge a person by his looks。

”
常言道，“我们不能以貌取人。

"
②As far as I can judge, Li Ming is more reliable。

据我判断,李明更可靠.
［即学即练］—-单句语法填空
①Judging（judge） by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
②You can’t judge others by your own past.
express vt.表示；表达n．快车；速递
(经典例句)I would like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have helped me.我想对所有帮助过我的人表示诚挚的谢意。

（1）express one's thanks to 表达某人对……的感谢
express oneself 表达自己的思想
（2）expression n. 表达；表情
beyond expression 无法表达
①My parents have expressed concern about my future。

父母对我的未来表示关心.
②As a matter of fact, the beauty of Guilin is beyond expression。

实际上，桂林之美无法用言语表达.
[链接写作］--完成句子
她精通英语；她用英语表达自己的想法没有困难。

She has a good command of English and she has no difficulty in expressing herself in English.
错误!
(教材P30）As you know, this is the day the quake happened。

.。

years ago. 正如你所知道的，……年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。

（1）as you know为非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容.
(2)关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句时，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。

as意为“正如”，其后的谓语动词多是see， know， expect, say, report等.
①As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。

②As is expected，he passed the exam。

正如所预料的一样，他通过了考试.
[链接写作］——完成句子
如图所示，我们可以清楚地看出人类与沙漠之间的较量.
As is shown in the picture， we can see clearly the struggle between people and desert.
be doing sth。

when.。

正在做某事这时……
（教材P31)The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened。

这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了.
be doing sth.when.。

正在做某事这时……，when为并列连词，相当于and just at that time。

be about to do.。

when.。

正要做……这时……
had just done.。

.when。

.。

刚刚做完……这时……
①I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off.
我正在看电视,这时突然停电了。

②I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang。

我刚完成试卷，这时铃声响了。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We were about to start(start） when it began to rain.
②I was walking along the street when I heard my name called.
错误!品句填词
1．Mary’s friends came to her house to offer their congratulations on her son’s going
to Beijing University。

2．In some Chinese cities, walkers and cyclists wear masks to protect themselves against heavy smog.
3．I sincerely hope that you can realize your dream of having your own coffee house in the city.
4．He can express(表达） himself in fluent English now after four years' learning。

5．The children’s shouts frightened（使惊吓) the birds and they flew away。

6．As we all know, a good reporter（记者) should have a good nose for news。

7．He opened the newspaper, and his attention was drawn by an article with an interesting headline(大字标题）．
8．Once the damage（破坏) is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 9．A man should be judged(断定) by his deeds， not by his appearance。

10．After the electricity（电） was cut off， the lights went out.
Ⅱ选词填空
1．Five passengers including a kid were rescued from the burning car and sent to the hospital immediately。

2．On hearing the good news, my sister phoned her friend right away．
3．My respect for him was at an end when I saw him doing damage to a shared bike. 4．The city which was known for its wonderful views lay in ruins after the terrible rainstorm。

5．To their great joy， some gold coins that seemed very expensive were dug out from the ground。

6．Peter thought little of the advice given by his teacher and failed the exam as a result。

7．A stranger smiled to me as if he had known me and smiled again when he found he got the wrong person。

8．I heard that three workers were trapped in the engine room by the big fire。

9．After they put up several tents on the farm, the soldiers began to cook a meal. 10．Judging by his accent, he may be from my hometown.
Ⅲ完成句子
1．因海伦照顾他生病的母亲，史密斯先生向她表达了谢意。

Mr. Smith expressed his thanks to Helen for her looking after his sick mother.
2．正如我们所知，他是世界上赢得这一比赛的最年轻的选手。

As we know,he is the youngest winner of the competition in the world.
3．十多个孩子读了这本书，他们所有人都对它评价很高。

The book has been read by more than ten children, all of whom think highly of it. 4．当那辆车差点要撞上伯顿先生的时候，他吓得一动也不敢动。

Mr。

Burton was too frightened to move when the car nearly hit him。

5．当沙尘暴袭击我们的小镇时,就像世界走到了尽头.
When the sandstorm hit our town, it seemed as if the world was at an end.
6．灾难过后，并不是所有的人都失去了信心。

After the disaster, not all the people lost heart。

Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．It will take at least five months to repair the ship that was seriously damaged （damage） by the storm。

2．Judging（judge） from what everyone says about him， I would say he has a good chance of winning.
3．Her facial expression（express） told me she was rather concerned about whether she had the chance to join in our discussion。

4．She felt greatly honoured（honour) to have been invited to give a lecture at the meeting。

5．He drove back and sent me his congratulations(congratulate） on winning the award last night。

6．When he heard the frightening news, a frightened look came into his face.(frighten）7．Two months later our food supplies gave out．
8．The young mother, who thought little of her own life， tried her best to protect
her baby from being hurt。

9．He was doing his homework when the door bell rang.
10．Mr. Wilson didn’t believe that two thirds of his children’s spare time was(be）wasted in playing computer games。

错误!阅读理解
Wanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead.
Josh had drowned(溺亡) while sailing on a lake with his friends. The 16.year。

old didn't know how to swim, and he wasn't wearing a life jacket.
Josh was not alone in the black community。

According to USA Swimming, 70％ of African。

American children cannot swim。

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African。

American children between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)．In 2007， Butts started the Josh Project, a non­profit organization（非营利组织) that provides low。

cost swimming lessons for children in Toledo， Ohio。

The swimming lessons take place at a local high school over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10.
To date， the Josh Project has helped more than 1，000 children learn how to swim.
“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，”said Lisa Haynes， whose 14。

year。

old son, Joshua， is one of 60.plus students in the Josh Project this summer.
“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said. “And we’re thankful for that。

"
Butts is doing much more， however， than just providing swimming lessons。

“She ups the awareness（意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspired by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University. “Once these communities learn how to swim， they will pass it down, which results in future generations （代）knowing how to swim.”
Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning numbers of African.American children， and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。

1．What led to Josh’s drowning?
A．He was poor in boating skills。

B．He gave his life jacket to a friend。

C．He was never taught swimming skills。

D．He was careless when swimming in the lake。

C解析:细节理解题。

由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。

2．Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．To show children under 14 are more likely to drown。

B．To argue children should learn swimming at a very young age.
C．To show many African。

American children lack swimming skills.
D．To introduce the difference between African。

American and white children。

C解析：推理判断题。

第三段主旨句为第一句,即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见.接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70％的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。

因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。

3．What can we learn about the Josh Project?
A．It has its own swimming pools。

B．It provides lessons only in summer.
C．It serves children aged from 5 to 14.
D．Its swimming lessons take place once a week.
D解析:细节理解题.由第四段中的“The swimming les sons.。

. four Saturdays”以及最后一段中的“where the children。

.。

just once a week"可知,该组织每周六开设游泳课程，即一周一次。

4．What did Lisa Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides? A．Expensive。

B．Helpful。

C．Interesting. D．Difficult.
B解析:推理判断题.由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知,她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本
的游泳技能，她对此很感激。

因此可推断,Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。

错误!七选五
Swim Safely!
Swimming is great exercise， and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends in summer. 1。

________， so it’s important to stay safe as you do it。

Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
·2.________. Don’t swim unless there is a lifeguard at work。

If you’re on a beach near the ocean, this is especially important。

In some places fast­flowing water can move swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says “no swimming”, pay attention to it.
·Be careful when diving（跳入) into the water headfirst。

3.________。

In natural water， don’t dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. Or you could hurt your head on the bottom， causing injury or death.
·Around water, adults(成年人） should watch children at all times to make sure they are safe。

Those who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, so an adult should always be present。

If you have to rescue a child from drowning（淹死)， a few seconds can make a big difference.
·Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim。

4.________， that person can make sure you get help.
·5。

________。

The sun’s heat and the physical activity may make you sweat（出汗） more than you realize.
By following these simple rules, you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun。

Now get out there, and enjoy the water！
A．Drink a lot of water
B．That way if something goes wrong
C．But swimming can also be dangerous
D．Swim only in areas set apart for swimming
E．Make sure everyone in your family learns to swim well
F．Most pools have marked deep ends where diving is safe
G．Many children who drown in home pools were out of sight for less than five minutes
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了几条安全游泳的规则。

1．C解析：由该空后的“it’s important to stay safe as you do it”以及下文提及的几条安全游泳规则可知，此处是说游泳具有危险性,因此游泳时的安全措施格外重要。

故选C项。

2．D解析：由本段中的“unless there is a lifeguard at work”和“on a beach near the ocean”以及“In some places”可知，由于有不可控因素的发生，因此建议只在特定规划的区域才可以下水游泳。

3．F解析：F项中的“deep ends where diving is safe”与该空后的“the water is deep enough"以及本段的建议“Be careful when diving(跳入）into the water headfirst.”相呼应。

4．B解析：由该空前的“Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim。

”和该空后的“that person can make sure you get help"可知，如果有意外发生，有同行友人在，你可以得到及时救援。

故选B项。

5．A解析：A项“Drink a lot of water”与“you sweat(出汗） more than you realize"相呼应.
错误!完形填空
When my life was quickly falling out of my hands， I felt helpless. I needed to find a way out。

It all began when I moved away from Pennsylvania and could’t __1__ it was something my parents had to do. I was angry with them, which didn’t __2__ most of the time。

So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school __3__ I thought I had better things to do。

I had poor __4__ as time passed. I __5__ to drop out of school。

Seeing what I was doing， my friends __6__。

We went on a trip, not __7__ losing our education or love from our parents。

We thought it __8__ to be on our own until we ran out of money for our __9__．
Then, I got a full。

time job， which didn’t last long。

I couldn’t __10__ being told what I had to do with my work。

I rebelled（反抗) and got __11__。

Once again, I didn’t __12__. Then, I began to get in trouble and was __13__ many times by the police. __14__， I went home， trying to figure out(弄明白） my __15__．
Weeks went by while I stayed home. I wanted my life back to normal.
I decided to devote myself to my __16__ and I also got a part­time job。

I began to do well， but I knew it wouldn’t be __17__ in a day. It took me a while to live a normal high school life。

I was __18__ of doing it on my own。

I turned myself around because I knew I had a __19__ lifestyle. I needed time to __20__ myself. Here I am now，a senior， waiting for graduation。

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文.文章讲述了中学时曾经学坏的作者痛定思痛，决定痛改前非,回到正常的人生轨道上来.
1．A。

realize B．imagine
C．understand D．judge
C解析:根据下文“I was angry with them”可知，作者对父母为什么要搬家这件事一直不理解。

2．A。

last B．stop
C．improve D．help
D解析:由下文“So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school”可知，对父母生气也于事无补。

3．A。

if B．so
C．unless D．because
D解析:空格前后内容之间存在因果关系。

4．A。

grades B．memories
C．health D．taste
A解析：根据上文“planning on not going to school”及下文“to drop out of school”可知，由于经常逃学，作者成绩不好.
5．A.feared B．decided
C．hated D．begged
B解析:由上文“planning on not going to school"以及下文“We went on a trip”可知，作者决定辍学.
6．A.left B．shocked
C．followed D．appeared
C解析：从下文“We went on a trip”可知，看到作者辍学了，朋友也加入了辍学的行列。

7．A。

caring about B．talking about
C．believing in D．feeling like
A解析：根据下文“We thought it ______ to be on our own”可知，作者和朋友不再关心学业和父母的担心，跑去旅游了.
8．A。

difficult B．necessary
C．lucky D．great
D解析：根据下文“until we ran out of money”可知，直到钱花光之前作者一直觉得这种独立的感觉还不错.
9．A。

experiences B．matches
C．researches D．trips
D解析：由上文“We went on a trip"可知，作者和朋友在旅途中把钱都花光了。

10．A.stand B．avoid
C．escape D．risk
A解析：根据下文“I rebelled(反抗)”可知,作者忍受不了工作中有人告诉他应该做什么。

11．A。

caught B．fired
C．injured D．changed
B解析：根据上文“I got a full。

time job, which didn’t last long”可知，作者被解雇了.
12．A.mind B．know
C．accept D．win
A解析：从下文“Then， I began to get in trouble”可知，作者对被解雇这件事不在意,就像不在意辍学一样。

13．A。

attacked B．encouraged
C．protected D．warned
D解析：根据下文“many times by the police"及“I went home”可知，作者被警察警告过很多次。

14．A。

Hopefully B．Finally
C．Luckily D．Suddenly
B解析：由下文“I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白)”可知，被警察多次警告过后，作者最终回家。

15．A.choices B．ways
C．problems D．answers
C解析：根据下文“I wanted my life back to normal.”可知,作者待在家里想弄明白自己的问题。

16．A.training B．study
C．travelling D．business
B解析：从下文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life。

”可知，作者全身心投入到学习中。

17．A。

ready B．successful
C．perfect D．safe
C解析：根据上文“I began to do well， but I knew”可知，作者明白这个道理：一天之内不可能变完美。

18．A。

careful B．proud
C．tired D．afraid
B解析：由上文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life。

"及下文“doing it on my own"可知，作者花了一段时间努力过回以前正常的学校生活，对此感到很自豪。

19．A。

happy B．different
C．wrong D．busy
C解析:根据上文“I turned myself around”可知,作者知道自己以前的生活方式是错误的. 20．A。

find B．enjoy
C．teach D．forget
A解析：由上文“I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be ______ in a day。

”可知，作者想给自己时间找到自我。