2024年初中英语语法一轮复习之引导词that用法归纳
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2024届初中英语语法一轮复习之引导词that用法归纳that引导的宾语从句知识点
1.that引导的宾语从句在非正式场合that可以省略,当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
2.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
3.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
4.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
5.许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
引导宾语从句that的省略问题
名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中:
I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
I know (that) he will be in time. 我知道他会赶得上的。
I knew (that) he would be in time. 我当时知道他会赶得上的。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
在某些动词 (如answer, imply) 之后则一般需要用that。
如:He answered that he was from Austria. 他说他是奥地利人。
She answered that she preferred to eat alone. 她回答说她愿意独自吃。
I don’t wish to imply that you are wrong. 我无意暗示你错了。
The newspapers have implied that they are having an affair. 报纸报道暗指他们有染。
在较长的句子里,特别在“that从句”与动词隔开时,that一般不可省略。
如:
The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that f could have the money without delay. 那个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车,并说我会立即收到款。
how与what用法区别
1. 两者均可用来引出感叹句,how用于修饰形容词、副词或动词,而 what 用于修饰名词。
2. 在询问看法时,以下两句型同义,注意搭配的动词不同.
3. 在询问天气时,以下两类句型同义,但句型结构不同.
4. 询问某人或事物的暂时现象通常用 how;询问某人或事物的持久特征通常用 what……like。
5. 询问某人的健康情况时用 how, 询问某人职业时用 what。
6. 表示“如何(说)”,用 how 和 what 均可,但搭配不同。
7. 在询问“长短”“宽窄”“高低”“多少”等意义时,以下两类句型同义,用 what 比用 what 更正式。
8. 有个别情况,两者都可用,结构一样,含义一样。
how与what的某些用法区别。
What is the price of the TV set?
How much is the TV set?
这台电视机多少钱?
What’s the weather like today?
How is the weather today?
今天天气怎么样?
What do you think of the film?
How do you like the film?
你认为这部电影怎么要?
What about having a picnic tomorrow?
How about having a picnic tomorrow?
明天去野餐怎么样
that与who的用法区别
1. 两者均可指人,有时可互换(包括当先行词为all, anyone, someone等,同时也包括先行词受the only等的修饰时):All that [who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
Anyone who [that] is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。
It is impolite to turn your back on someone who [that] is speaking to you. 人家跟你说话,你把背朝人是不礼貌的。
2. 但是在下列情况,通常要用that:
①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时:
I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。
②当先行词是who时(为避免重复):
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?
③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略):
Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前
那个样子了。
3. 但是在下列情况,通常要用who:
当先行词为 those 且指人时,英语习惯上要用 who 来引导定语从句。
如:
Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。
Those who couldn’t walk were carried on stretchers. 那些不能走的人都用担架抬着。
It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
The plan was supported by those who wished to listen to more good English. 这计划受到想多听好英语的人的支持。
Let us spend a few moments in silence so that / in order that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom. 让我们默哀片刻,以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。
注:偶尔也可见到在who 之后用 that 引导定语从句的用例,但相当少见。
如:
The danger is that people who pay their bills on time will be lumped in with those that don’t. 危险的是那些及时付账的人将会同那些不及时付账的人混在一起。
在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom)和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:
一、用who (whom)而不用that的情形
(1)当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Those who want to go there e here please。
那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
(2)当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none,all(指人)时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Anyone who is against us is our enemy。
任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。
如:My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas。
我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
(4)当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?
(5)在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。
如:There are students in our class who / whom you have met。
我们班有些学生你见过。
(6)当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。
如:The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university。
刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。
(7)先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。
如:The man who came here yesterday said he would e again in a few days。
昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1)当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。
如:Who is woman that you talked with just now?刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁?
(2)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
如:The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong。
在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。
(3)当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little,few, much, all, very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
如:He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher。
他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生
(4) the same as 与 the same that
the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物;the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物,即:同一事物。
如:She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago。
她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。
(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago。
她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。
(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)。