七、语序

语序
词序—adj.排序、adv.排序，即定语、状语在句中的位置
句序—倒装、省略
（一）a dj.排序
前置：单个adj.作定语
后置：①单个adj.修饰不定代词或adv.作定语时
②短语或从句作定语时
前置定语排列顺序：限定词+数词+描绘性adj.+名词定语+被修饰词限定词顺序—前位限定词(all/both/half)+
中位限定词(冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词) 数词：基数词或序数词（二者不能并存）
描绘性adj.顺序：性状质量+长短大小+新旧冷暖+颜色+国别
名词定语顺序：材料+动名词+名词
（二）a dv.位置
1 确定的时间或地点adv.—句末或句首
2 程度adv.---所修饰的词之前（enough除外）
I know him quite well.
He didn’t work hard enough.
3 方式adv.---置于v.前或后
He read the newspaper quickly.
He quickly shook his head.
He can honestly say that we have done our best.
4 疑问adv. ---句首
连接adv.或关系adv.—句子、从句或短语的开头
5 不定时间adv.—句首或句中
Eventually the girl stopped crying.
Then we came back.
6 频率adv.---助动词/情态动词之后，实义动词之前
She can always come on time.
I have never done such a thing.
He has sometimes been coming late.
7 因果adv.&修饰句子的adv.---句首、句中、句末
Therefore, it is necessary for you to accept their invitation.
Their products, therefore, cannot satisfy our need.
They can’t understand the English language, anyway.
8如果句中有两类或更多的副词并用时，先后顺序按“程度副词—方式副词—地点副词—时间副词”排列。

She worked very hard here yesterday.
We saw her distinctly there last week.
9如果句中有两个或两个以上的时间或地点副词时，先后顺序按由小到大排列。

The girl was born on Dec. 10, 1970, in Auckland, New Zealand. （三）语序
自然（正常）语序：S. + V. + …
倒装语序：
按作用分①语法结构倒装—疑问句、there be句型、so/nor/neither
句型、省if虚拟句、让步状语从句、祝
愿句、引语中“某人说”
②修辞倒装—强调、平衡句子结构、衔接紧密
按形式分①部分倒装—助动词、情态动词提到主语前，实义动词原形
留在主语后
②完全倒装—谓语动词全部提到主语前
1 here, there, then, now位于句首，且主语不是代词，动词多为be, come, go, fall, lie, stand…(全部倒装)
Here comes the bus.
2 否定意义的词或短语提到句首---部分倒装
never, seldom, little, few, hardly/ scarcely/ rarely…when…, not until…, not only…but also…(连接并列主语时不倒装)，no sooner…than…, under no circumstance, by no means, in no way, at no time, in no way, in no case, on no accounts, no + n. …
3 only引导状语提到句首时—部分倒装
4 表示方位、方向的状语提到句首(主语不是代词)—全部倒装
Out ran Tom.
5 作地点状语的介词短语提到句首[谓语v.多为（半）系动词]
—全部倒装
Along the both banks of the river are old buildings that can tell the
history of the city.
Before us lay a stretch of grassland.
6系表结构中强调表语提到句首—全部倒装
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
7 其它情况：often, many a…提到句首---部分倒装
To such an extent did he go on with his empty speech that some of us began to doze.。