Unit1Grammar课件21-22学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册
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1. We have lived here __s_in_c_e__ 1990. 3. The boy has had a bad cold _s_in_c_elast night.
3. I have waited _f_o_r_ two hours. 4. Sally has been away from London _si_n_c_elast Saturday.
--Oh, I haven’t finished it
.
A. yet; already
B. already; yet
C. already; already
D. yet; yet
标志词
②ever曾经 never从未
Have you ever seen the film? I have never seen it.
--Have you --No, I have A. already; never C. never; already
travelled by car? travelled in a car. B. ever; yet D. ever; never
This is the most interesting (interesting) film I have ever seen.
Yes, she has; No, she hasn’t.
They have lived here for 2 years.
They have not lived here for 2 years.
Have they lived here for 2 years?
Yes, they have; No, they haven’t.
• have/has + done★ • 句型的转换依靠助动词（have、has)来完成。
句型
单数人称
复数人称
肯定
否定
一般疑问 句
回答
Lily has lived here for 2 years.
Lily has not lived here for 2 years.
Has Lily lived here for 2 years?
标志词
④before之前，以前
I have met (meet) her before. I met (meet) her ten days ago. before是现在完成时标志词，ago是一般过去时标志词。
--
you
the film before?
--Yes, I
it just a few days ago.
7. send s_e_n_t_s_ent
8. watchw_a_t_c_h_e_d_watched
9. say s_a_i_d__s_aid
10. grow _g_r_e_w__grown
11. hit _h_it__h_it
12. enjoy e_n_j_o_y_e_d_enjoyed
句型转换 has not=hasn’t have not=haven’t
标志词
⑨表示次数 once，twice，three times…以及how many times的提问。
I have read the book “treasure land” several times.
How many times have you seen (see) the movie?
用for和since完成句子
句型转换
• 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 Lily has lived here for 2 years. How long has Lily lived here? Lily has lived here since 2 years ago. How long has Lily lived here?
A. Have; watched; saw
B. Did; watch; saw
C. Have; watch; have watched
D. Did; watch; have watched
标志词
⑤in/over/during the past few years 在过去的一段时间内
I have taught （teach）English in the past ten years.
bicyccloesmspinlectee Mthoensdenayte. nces below 4. We _hu_as_vi_ne_gn_t_oh_te_spe_e_rne_s(ennottpseeref)eecat ctehnosteh. er
for yHeaerlsp. them complete the 5. My psaernetnentsc_ehs_a._v(_Pe_n1_4o_)t__c_o_m_e_ (not come)
we/you/they have
he’s she’s it’s lily’s
we’ve you’ve they’ve
She’s lived
Байду номын сангаас
She’s a nice girl.
here for 2 years.
It’s been a long It’s crying.
time.
标志词
①already已经 yet还，仍，(已经)
• I had a big meal. • I have already had a big meal.
基本结构
主语+ 助动词（have/has)+过去分词（done) …
帮助动词构成时态 的词叫做助动词
现在分词：V-ing（进行时） 一般过去式：V-ed（过去式） 过去分词：done（完成时）
stop-stopped-stopped plan-planned-planned
cry-cried-cried
carry-carried-carried
• 不规则变化★
过去分词的变化规则
• 不规则变化★
AAA型
cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt
★朗读培养语感+反复默写巩固+在习题中不断巩固
过去分词的变化规则
• 不规则变化★ P122-P123 不规则动词表 10个一组，完成打卡
A Mr. Wu wants the students to practise using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below. (P 14)
5. Our school has changed a lot _s_i_n_c_e the new building was built. 6. Tommy has had this motorcycle __fo_r_ three years. 7. My parents have been married _fo__r 20 years. 8. My parents have been marrieds_in__ce 20 years ago.
--I have already seen the film. Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food. (Hobo has no food to eat.) • 过去发生的动作延续到现在，并且有可能延续到将来； I have lived here since I was born. She has learned English for ten years. • 谈论截至目前为止，动作发生的次数。 I have seen the film twice. She has already read the book many times.
do/does/did have/has
have+done have+n
过去分词的变化规则
• 规则变化
---同一般过去式(V-ed)规则一致。
---直去双改
reach-reached-reached finish-finished-finished
change-changed-changed move-moved-moved
So far, I have lived
(live) here for ten years.
标志词
⑧ since/for 表示一段时间,以及对一段时间提问的how long I have lived (live) here since I was born. I have lived (live) here since 1994. I have lived (live) here since ten years ago. I have lived (live) here for ten years. How long have you lived (live) here? since后跟的是过去的1.时间点;2.表时间点的从句；3.一段 时间+ago，since从句用一般过去时，for后是一段时间。 I have lived here since I have been born.
already用于肯定句；yet疑问句、否定句 I have already seen the film. Have you seen the film yet ? I haven’t seen it yet .
--I have
finished the report, how about you?
1. borrow b_o_r_r_o_w__ed borrowed2. hope _h_o_p_e_d_ hoped
3. make m__a_d_e_m_ ade
4. get _g_o_t _g_o_t_
5. plan p__la_n_n_e_d__planned 6. cryc_r_ie_d_cried
标志词
③just 刚才，刚刚
Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
I have just seen the film Gone with the wind.
Lucy bought (buy) a purse just now.
just现在完成时标志词，just now一般过去时标志词。
AAB型
beat-beat-beaten
ABB型
have-had-had catch-caught-caught think-thought-thought
ABA型
come-came-come become-became-become
ABC型
fly-flew-flown go-went-gone
be-was/were-been
对for/since（表示一段时间）提问，都用How long.
句型转换
• 主语 + have/has 缩写形式 ★
I have you have
I’ve
she’s + done: she has shyeo’us’ve+ adj/n/doing: she is
he/she/it/lily has
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense
• 含义 • 基本结构 ---★动词过去分词的变化规则 • 句型转换 • 标志词 • 特殊考点
含义
• 过去发生的动作，对现在有影响；
--Do you want to see the film" leap”?
I taught
（teach）English in the past.
in the past few years是现在完成时标志词，in the past 是一般过去时标志词。
标志词
⑥recently 最近 I have changed (change) my job recently.
标志词
⑦ so far; up to now; until now; till now.到现在为止
1. They _h_a_v_e_f_in__is_h_e_d_ (finish) their homework already.
2. John _h_a_s__ never _v_i_si_t_ed__ (visit) China. 3. Mr LBi _hM_a_rs_._rW_ep_u_a_air_sek_ds_t(hrepsatuird)eonvtesrtoten
3. I have waited _f_o_r_ two hours. 4. Sally has been away from London _si_n_c_elast Saturday.
--Oh, I haven’t finished it
.
A. yet; already
B. already; yet
C. already; already
D. yet; yet
标志词
②ever曾经 never从未
Have you ever seen the film? I have never seen it.
--Have you --No, I have A. already; never C. never; already
travelled by car? travelled in a car. B. ever; yet D. ever; never
This is the most interesting (interesting) film I have ever seen.
Yes, she has; No, she hasn’t.
They have lived here for 2 years.
They have not lived here for 2 years.
Have they lived here for 2 years?
Yes, they have; No, they haven’t.
• have/has + done★ • 句型的转换依靠助动词（have、has)来完成。
句型
单数人称
复数人称
肯定
否定
一般疑问 句
回答
Lily has lived here for 2 years.
Lily has not lived here for 2 years.
Has Lily lived here for 2 years?
标志词
④before之前，以前
I have met (meet) her before. I met (meet) her ten days ago. before是现在完成时标志词，ago是一般过去时标志词。
--
you
the film before?
--Yes, I
it just a few days ago.
7. send s_e_n_t_s_ent
8. watchw_a_t_c_h_e_d_watched
9. say s_a_i_d__s_aid
10. grow _g_r_e_w__grown
11. hit _h_it__h_it
12. enjoy e_n_j_o_y_e_d_enjoyed
句型转换 has not=hasn’t have not=haven’t
标志词
⑨表示次数 once，twice，three times…以及how many times的提问。
I have read the book “treasure land” several times.
How many times have you seen (see) the movie?
用for和since完成句子
句型转换
• 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 Lily has lived here for 2 years. How long has Lily lived here? Lily has lived here since 2 years ago. How long has Lily lived here?
A. Have; watched; saw
B. Did; watch; saw
C. Have; watch; have watched
D. Did; watch; have watched
标志词
⑤in/over/during the past few years 在过去的一段时间内
I have taught （teach）English in the past ten years.
bicyccloesmspinlectee Mthoensdenayte. nces below 4. We _hu_as_vi_ne_gn_t_oh_te_spe_e_rne_s(ennottpseeref)eecat ctehnosteh. er
for yHeaerlsp. them complete the 5. My psaernetnentsc_ehs_a._v(_Pe_n1_4o_)t__c_o_m_e_ (not come)
we/you/they have
he’s she’s it’s lily’s
we’ve you’ve they’ve
She’s lived
Байду номын сангаас
She’s a nice girl.
here for 2 years.
It’s been a long It’s crying.
time.
标志词
①already已经 yet还，仍，(已经)
• I had a big meal. • I have already had a big meal.
基本结构
主语+ 助动词（have/has)+过去分词（done) …
帮助动词构成时态 的词叫做助动词
现在分词：V-ing（进行时） 一般过去式：V-ed（过去式） 过去分词：done（完成时）
stop-stopped-stopped plan-planned-planned
cry-cried-cried
carry-carried-carried
• 不规则变化★
过去分词的变化规则
• 不规则变化★
AAA型
cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt
★朗读培养语感+反复默写巩固+在习题中不断巩固
过去分词的变化规则
• 不规则变化★ P122-P123 不规则动词表 10个一组，完成打卡
A Mr. Wu wants the students to practise using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below. (P 14)
5. Our school has changed a lot _s_i_n_c_e the new building was built. 6. Tommy has had this motorcycle __fo_r_ three years. 7. My parents have been married _fo__r 20 years. 8. My parents have been marrieds_in__ce 20 years ago.
--I have already seen the film. Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food. (Hobo has no food to eat.) • 过去发生的动作延续到现在，并且有可能延续到将来； I have lived here since I was born. She has learned English for ten years. • 谈论截至目前为止，动作发生的次数。 I have seen the film twice. She has already read the book many times.
do/does/did have/has
have+done have+n
过去分词的变化规则
• 规则变化
---同一般过去式(V-ed)规则一致。
---直去双改
reach-reached-reached finish-finished-finished
change-changed-changed move-moved-moved
So far, I have lived
(live) here for ten years.
标志词
⑧ since/for 表示一段时间,以及对一段时间提问的how long I have lived (live) here since I was born. I have lived (live) here since 1994. I have lived (live) here since ten years ago. I have lived (live) here for ten years. How long have you lived (live) here? since后跟的是过去的1.时间点;2.表时间点的从句；3.一段 时间+ago，since从句用一般过去时，for后是一段时间。 I have lived here since I have been born.
already用于肯定句；yet疑问句、否定句 I have already seen the film. Have you seen the film yet ? I haven’t seen it yet .
--I have
finished the report, how about you?
1. borrow b_o_r_r_o_w__ed borrowed2. hope _h_o_p_e_d_ hoped
3. make m__a_d_e_m_ ade
4. get _g_o_t _g_o_t_
5. plan p__la_n_n_e_d__planned 6. cryc_r_ie_d_cried
标志词
③just 刚才，刚刚
Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
I have just seen the film Gone with the wind.
Lucy bought (buy) a purse just now.
just现在完成时标志词，just now一般过去时标志词。
AAB型
beat-beat-beaten
ABB型
have-had-had catch-caught-caught think-thought-thought
ABA型
come-came-come become-became-become
ABC型
fly-flew-flown go-went-gone
be-was/were-been
对for/since（表示一段时间）提问，都用How long.
句型转换
• 主语 + have/has 缩写形式 ★
I have you have
I’ve
she’s + done: she has shyeo’us’ve+ adj/n/doing: she is
he/she/it/lily has
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense
• 含义 • 基本结构 ---★动词过去分词的变化规则 • 句型转换 • 标志词 • 特殊考点
含义
• 过去发生的动作，对现在有影响；
--Do you want to see the film" leap”?
I taught
（teach）English in the past.
in the past few years是现在完成时标志词，in the past 是一般过去时标志词。
标志词
⑥recently 最近 I have changed (change) my job recently.
标志词
⑦ so far; up to now; until now; till now.到现在为止
1. They _h_a_v_e_f_in__is_h_e_d_ (finish) their homework already.
2. John _h_a_s__ never _v_i_si_t_ed__ (visit) China. 3. Mr LBi _hM_a_rs_._rW_ep_u_a_air_sek_ds_t(hrepsatuird)eonvtesrtoten