新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案

第一单元
Cloze
What genuine friendship? Some classical views may help us understand the notion of friendship more clearly. Aristotle distinguishes genuine friendships from two other forms: one based on mutual utility and the other on pleasure. While the ground for the latter two forms of friendship is closely related to material benefits, short-term interests or age, genuine friendship occurs only between those who are similar in their goodness. Cicero, question as to their honor, purity, equity and liberality. Whether or not one possesses any superiority over the other, both must regard themselves as equals of the other and try their best to preserve the friendship. Moreover, true friends are bound together, as a friend is said to be a mirror in which you may perceive and know yourself. When virtuous friends are bonded together by a commitment to the good, they can recognize each other’s moral excellence and fulfill their self-improvement.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
1. 以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的。

(ground; break up)
The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not easy for the friendship grounded on common / shared interest to break up.
2.孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来。

(distinguish between; violence)
Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer games.
3.当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物，要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的。

(sensible)
There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know / keep track of everything.
4.诸如背弃朋友 (betrayal to friends) 这类事并不受法律制约，所以才有了我们称作的“道德法庭”。

(regulate)
Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call / is called "the court of morality".
5. 有人把今天的文化描述为“快餐文化”。

无论做什么事，人们只是追求用最短时间达到最大的满足。

(describe as; pursue)
Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be / are doing, people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time.
6. 常言说，天下没有免费的午餐。

如果你想要什么，就得去挣。

(as the saying goes)
As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn / work for it. Writing.
1. Bob and I became brother-like friends in our childhood. We played, dined and discussed our ambitions together. Once grown up, he started for the West to make his fortune while I became a policeman in New Y ork. Before his departure, we had dinner together and we agreed that we would meet at the same place exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. Then came the day we were supposed to meet. I was on my beat then. Walking up to the appointed place which had been turned into a hardware store, I saw a man standing there with an unlighted cigar in his mouth. Before I could speak, he told me that he was waiting for a friend by the name of Jimmy Wells. When he struck a match to light his cigar, I saw a pale face with keen eyes and a scar. I recognized him immediately. It was Bob, and it was also the face of the man wanted by the Chicago Police. For a moment I felt like telling him to escape right away. After all, we had been friends for so many years and he had traveled all the way to see me! But then my sense of duty told me the right thing to do. I said good-bye to him and continued my patrol, his last words still ringing in my ear: “I’ll wait for half an hour. Jimmy will keep his promise if he’s alive…” I then sent for a plain clothes man and had Bob arrested.
2.An Important Friend in My Life
Li Qiang, one of my classmates, is fun to be with. He is always wearing a broad smile as if life is forever "sunshine and butterflies". One day, I revealed to him my worries and anxieties: I, an ordinary-looking girl, was 177 centimeters tall, even taller than any of the boys in my class. I thought no boy would like to date me. Besides, I was very poor at my academic courses. He suggested that I should learn to be myself and then he introduced me to a fashion show team of the university. Encouraged, I decided to change myself. After a 3-month training program on weekends, I could perform beautifully as a model, and surprisingly, I could concentrate on the required academic courses as well. The applauses I won at each fashion show and the scholarship I earned proved that being myself was terrific. Since then, my life has changed a lot. Thus, Li Qiang became an important friend of st semester, we began to help young people who suffer pressures from physical defects, academic failures or financial problems. We set up a Confidence Club. Those who come to us for help find our work definitely beneficial. Our friendship has led me into a sparkling, rewarding life.
第二单元
Increasing you word power 3
1. 我们人手不足。

We are short of hands.
2. 我手中还有些钱。

I still have some money in hand.
3. 请帮忙提一下这只箱子。

Give me a hand with this box, please.
4. 我经常把字典放在手边。

I often keep a dictionary at hand.
5. 那些足球迷失去控制了。

The football fans were out of hand.
6.把铅笔分发给班上每个学生。

Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.
7. 这枚戒指是我奶奶传给我的。

This ring was handed down to me by my grandmother.
8.时间到了，请把试卷交上来。

Time’s up. Please hand in your test papers.
9.请把这本杂志传给你的室友看。

Please hand on the magazine to your roommates.
10.对不起，我恐怕帮不了你。

我是生手。

I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m a green hand.
Cloze
Today young people tend to jump on the bandwagon of love with so much haste that they fail to realize the essence of true love. Given the current state of affairs, we need to consider more closely the nature of the love. True love has to be distinguished from the pleasures of the flesh. True love means a meeting of minds and it takes time to blossom. People who are in true love focus more on inner charm than on physical beauty, more on intimacy than on closeness, more on emotion than on passion, more on sharing than on acquiring. As true love happens once in a lifetime, they have in their minds the ideals of the relationship. They share mutual respect, admiration and plenty of romance, so their relationship is lasting and meaningful.
Preserving true love requires effort, however. Y ou should gift your object of affection your time, company, support and friendship; you should give yourself and your beloved time and space to forge a life-long bond; and you should honor your commitments. In short, you should devote yourself to your love. Y our devotion to love will, in return, bring you an overwhelming joy.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
1. 无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。

(maximum; minimum)
_ In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum.
2.我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。

(build on; sincerity）
I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.
3.我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病。

(in vain)
We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease.
4.情人节（V alentine’s•Day）是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。

(affection)
V alentine’s Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect day to express love to the object of your / one’s affection.
5. 在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的 (simultaneous)。

(era; via) In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous.
6. 爱情需要时间，因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。

(grow used to; forge)
Love takes time, for it is not forged until you have grown used to the other’s company and learned to appreciate the other.
Writing
1. Male-female relations are indispensable to adults all through their lives. But different generations handle them differently. Our parents’ generation lived in an era of constraints, restraints, respect, admiration, and plenty of romance. They kept a distance from people of the opposite gender in order to preserve the holiness of love and relationships. My generation, on the other hand, began with countless crushes for the opposite sex just because of their superficial charm. Harmless as it was, the love was as brief as soap bubbles. As we grew up, we came to the stage of developing real relationships, believing that love demanded a lot of give and not so much of take.By comparison, the younger generation is more open-minded and less restricted in handling the matter of love and relationships. They jump on the bandwagon of love with so much haste that it is difficult for them to distinguish between physical attraction and mental compatibilities. In short, the younger generation focuses more on physical beauty, closeness and passion, and they tend to seek what they want from the relationships. The other two generations give priority to inner charm, intimacy, emotion and sharing in dealingwith relationships.
2.What Do Girl Students Look for in Love and Life?
In order to know about girl students’ opinion about love and life, a survey with girl students was conducted in 2005 in two universities —Chongqing University of Technology and Business and East China Normal University. The survey sought answers to two questions: What do you look for first in a boyfriend? What’s the most important thing for a happy life?About one third of the students chose personality as the top factor in choosing a boyfriend, followed by 27 percent focusing on abilities. Next came common interests and goals, favoured by 17 percent, with only 14 percent of students claiming
appearance to be uppermost in their minds. Fewer still, 11 percent, rated economic status as the first consideration.As to their views about a happy life, nearly seventy percent of the girls attached the greatest importance to marriage and family. “Career” was given top priority by just under 20 percent, while even fewer, around 9 percent, believed that money was the key to a happy life.
Based on the survey, we may conclude that nowadays, girl students generally hold a rational attitude towards love and life. Admittedly, the improved material conditions of life explain why girls take economic status and money rather lightly. But contrary to the popular view that girls are more concerned about self-development in the workplace and social status, they still regard upon marriage and family life as central to a happy life.
第三单元
Cloze
It is our natural desire to be happy. Throughout human history, people as a whole have been going after happiness. However, the pursuit of happiness is often accompanied with dissatisfaction and frustration. This is in part due to our different understanding of happiness. In effect, our sense of happiness is derived from our definition of happiness.Some believe that happiness can be purchased with wealth. From this point of view , the better off one becomes, the happier one gets. Therefore, to be happy, they take pains to get rich. But wealth does not necessarily lead to happiness. Others believe that happiness has something to do with status——a system of ranking. Thus, one’s happiness is built upon his favorable comparison with others. But since society cannot raise its position relative to itself, unhappiness is thus inevitable. So it can be said that both views serve more as the barrier to true happiness than as the guide. To seek true happiness, we must change our inner attitude and strive for the common good of all human being.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
1. 千百年来哲学家们费尽心机从各自的角度阐述何为幸福。

(take pains; point of view)
For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate / explain / interpret the meaning of happiness from their own points of view.
2.刚上大学时，突然发现自己得处理所有日常事物，直到那时自己才觉得在父母身边生活真是幸福。

(leave … with …)
When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to deal with by myself. It was not until then did I realize that living with my parents was truly a happy experience.
3.你不要总是和别人攀比，否则你可能会陷于忧郁之中，因为毕竟有许多人比你强。

(comparison; depression)
Y ou shouldn’t always make comparison with others; otherwise, you may be trapped in / fall into depression, for there are always many others who are better than you.
4.今天人们生活比以前富裕多了，闲暇时间也多了，奇怪的是人们反而觉得生活乏味了。

(better off; leisure)
Today people are much better off and enjoy more leisure. Strangely enough, they find life boring / dull. 5.事实上，人生是漫长而缺少兴奋的。

如果期待每天都如戏剧般精彩必定会遭遇失望。

(in effect; inevitable)
Life, in effect, is long but short of excitement. Y ou are sure to suffer from inevitable disappointment if you expect everyday life to be as exciting as a drama.
6.过于顺利的生活可能具有破坏性，因为人们没有机会学会怎样应对挫折。

这能部分解释年轻人居高不下的自杀率。

(destructive; in part)
A life that is too easy / smooth may also be destructive because it offers no opportunity for one to learn
how to deal with / handle failures / frustrations / setbacks. That / This in part explains / accounts for the high rates of suicide among young people.
Writing
1. Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone
No one wo uld doubt the truth that man’s existence relies essentially on material things. We need them
to get fed, clothed and sheltered. Once we are living near the breadline, we’ll feel frustrated and miserable.
However, our contentment does not merely lie in material things. This is especially the case in modern times. The fast-developing economy has noticeably improved our lives and fulfilled most of our material needs. Then there comes the need of spiritual satisfaction, which is derived from good health, close friends, a loving spouse, well-raised children, a home built on love, a clear conscience, a worthy goal and
an enjoyable job. While material things may lose their charm over time, spiritual satisfaction will bring us lasting happiness.
Therefore, to live a happy life, we should focus more on those things that meet our spiritual demands. After all, when our need for bread is met, happiness will not come unless we feel spiritually satisfied.
2. I Really Made It
I will never forget the awful feeling in my first Oral English class at college. I tried hard to listen to every word the teacher spoke, but what she was saying made no sense to me. Bitterly, I admitted that I was so poor at listening and speaking in English.I wept several times, cursing my middle school for failing to provide adequate listening and speaking practice. But finally I calmed down because the familiar words rang in my ears: There must be a way out. I had a rather solid foundation of English vocabulary and grammar. What was left for me to do was to increase my listening input and speaking output. I made it a rule that every morning I would do reading aloud by the campus lake for 40 minutes, and every evening I would stay in the language lab, listening to English for at least an hour.
Then at the end of the second year came my happiest moment: I got the Scholarship for Academic Excellence. I wore a broad smile when the president granted me the award. I then came to realize that happiness can only be gained through hard work.
第四单元
Cloze
AIDS is a terrible disease .It poses a threat to all the human beings without caring whether you are black
or white ,male or female ,gay or straight ,young or old .But what is at risk now is not just the people infected with the disease .Human civilization itself is being threatened .This is because the whole society tolerates both ignorance of prejudice and HIV or AIDS．Once diagnosed(被诊断）as HIV-positive,the victims are isolated or treated as outcasts.They are believed to have contracted something evil or to have entered some alien state of being .As a result ,these poor people have to shelter the flickering candle of life from the cold wind of rejection by their family members .When they die of the disease ,their families dare not whisper the word AIDS.They just grieve silently .Thus,our prejudice and silence have helped the disease along.Now HIV marches firmly towards AIDS in more than a million American homes,littering
its pathway with the bodies of the young . To guard against the disease effectively .we must take this issue seriously . People should be educated to bring those negative attitudes to an end.We should not see AIDS as something evil and the patients as aliens .Instead ,we should concern ourselves with the prevention of the disease and render strong support to the patients with more compassion .Only in this way can we have a better chance of winning the war against AIDS.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
1.他们带着生病的父亲远赴北京，希望能治好他的心脏病。

(in the hope of)
They took their sick father on a long journey to Beijing in the hope of finding a cure for /in the hope of curing his heart disease / problem.
2. 普及艾滋病知识的活动需要继续开展，这个阶段的重点放在这种病的传播途径。

(carry on; contract)
The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, and for / at this stage the emphasis is put on the way (how) the disease is contracted.
3.权力如果运用得当则百姓安居乐业，运用不当则殃及百姓日常生计。

(render)
If power is properly applied / used / exercised, the lives of the common people will be rendered happy. If not, their daily life will be placed under threat.
4.政府使用核武器来防御恐怖袭击算是正当行为吗？(justifiably; guard against)
Could a government justifiably use nuclear weapons to guard against terrorist attacks?
5.由于缺乏对这种病的了解，许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。

(owing to; ignorance) Owing to ignorance of the disease, many people still believe hat HIV victims deserve what they suffer.
6. 新发布的关于改善农村医疗系统的报告让我们相信农村地区缺医少药的时代终将结束。

(issue; bring sth. to an end)
The newly issued report on improving the medical system in rural areas leads us to believe that the era is to be brought to an end when such areas are always short of doctors and medicines.
Writing
1. AIDS Across the Earth
AIDS has killed and is threatening to kill millions all across the earth. Several million infections are reported by WHO each year. The virus does not care whether you are black or white, male or female, young or old. It will attack you as long as you are a human. Today, AIDS has become the leading killer of young adults and is turning the children whose parents suffer the disease into orphans. It is no exaggeration to say that we live under the shadow of AIDS.
There are several possible causes for such a situation: unsafe sexual intercourse; sharing or reusing contaminated needles; transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products; an infected person’s pregnancy, giving birth and breastfeeding, etc. Unfortunately, our ignorance, prejudice and silence have carried the situation to a desperate extreme. Patients are isolated or treated as outcasts b y their families and their communities.
AIDS victims feel ashamed to be identified as such and try hard to hide their disease. For this reason, they cannot get immediate medical treatment. Our harmful attitudes towards the disease and its victims have actually placed more people at risk.
In our fight against this deadly disease, we should educate people on how to avoid being infected with the disease and how to lead a healthy and secure life and, more importantly, how to treat AIDS patients properly. Only in this way can we really bring AIDS under control.
2. Why Do the Y oung Adults Kill Themselves?
Y oung adults are in the prime of their lives and are supposed to pursue their dreams and enjoy themselves. Y et it was reported in the Guardian that suicide is the main cause of death among young adults in China. Why have so many young people ended their lives?
Three factors are thought to account for the high suicide rate: increasing stress, loneliness and a lack of medical support for depression. The most pressing one, I think, is stress. Take my college life for example. From the first day I entered the university, I have been living under pressure. I used to worry that I could not quite fit into the campus life; I also feared that I might not catch up with my classmates in my studies
or could not live up to my parents’ expectations. Now I am deeply concerned about whether I can find a desirable job after graduation. Endless pressures give rise to stress. Loneliness is another problem. Many young people find they just feel helpless when they are suffering intolerable sadness or frustration.
Suicide is a great tragedy, especially for the young. If we can find ways to relieve them of their stress and offer timely help, we may save many young lives.
第五单元
Cloze
Mankind hopes for a better world to live in. To this end ,man has to confront the inevitable conflicts that the future holds in store Since education plays an indispensable role in managing those conflicts ,the following four pillars of education are proposed .learning to live together calls for an understanding of others and the awareness of the diversity,similarities and interdependence of all people so that people can implement joint projects . In accordance with the global changes brought about by scientific progress ,the emphasis in learning to know should be put on combining a broad general education and the opportunity to study a small number of subjects in depth.Associated with the issue of occupational training ,learning to do aims to equip .People to cope with various situations and work in teams .The fouth is learning to be ,which focuses on the complete development of one's potential when he goes after an independent ,critical way of thinking and judgment . Given the co nvenient access to knowledge in the information era ,everyone longs for a way to get the most out of their own specific educational environment .These four interrelated pillars can help us make the best out of education and attain our future ideals.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
1培养正确的感情是极其必要的，因为它可为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础（indispensable;lay the foundations for)
Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that / because it lays the foundations for the successes of one’s future work and studies.
2.中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。

（cry out for；to this end）
West China is crying out for talented people for its development. To this end, the government has laid down / made favorable policies, calling for more college graduates to go and work there.
3.你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢？我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。

（turn one's back on)
How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century.
4.网虫们（web addicts)很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。

（draw
a distinction between ;virtual)
Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world.
5.生活在城市的人常常有这样的幻想
Urban / City residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case.
Writing
1. The Significance of Lifelong Education
Decades ago, due to the low standard of living in China, only a small percentage o f the nation's population could receive college education. Once given the opportunity, one would surely secure a well-paid and much-respected job, which he or she would probably do for a lifetime. Therefore, to secure a college degree used to be the ultimate goal of a person's education.
Today, however, we are living in what is called a "knowledge society", where creative ideas and innovations are generated at a fantastic speed. One must constantly renew one's knowledge and upgrade one's skills so as to meet the needs of the changing world. Moreover, at the stage of general education, it is pointless for a person to attempt to know everything. When one isrequired to settle down to be a specialist in a specific field, one has to make an in-depth study of the subject one is supposed to know. In this sense, general education can provide students with only a passport to lifelong education. As Robert Maynard Hutchins once said, the object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives.
In my opinion, life in modern society is not only a process of "learning to live" but also a process of "living to learn". The slogan "Live and Learn" can best reflect the concept of lifelong education.
2. Should Family Schooling Exist?
Meng Mu Tang, a private school in Shanghai, is modeled after the educational system of ancient Chinese home schools, which favored rote memorization and recitation of classic works. But the local education authorities in Shanghai have declared it illegal according to a report in 21st Century. Should family schooling exist? What role should it play?
In my opinion, family schooling should be permitted to play a positive role in the current educational system in China. Every family should be free to choose the form of education that best suits their children's interests and natural gifts. Although the existing education system in China has remarkably improved, it does not fit each child perfectly. Since family schooling provides a means to develop a person's talents and unique interest, Meng Mu Tang, as a private school geared to a specific group of children, should not be banned in haste. In view of the current dynamic, quality-minded educational reforms in China, we should permit family schooling to enrich and diversify our educational system.
On the other hand, home schooling should adapt itself to the modern world. To prepare children for the future, it should equip them with knowledge and innovative power so that they can cope with the development of the modern world. While tapping children's innate talents on an individual basis, family schooling should never neglect their all-round development. Meng Mu Tang may not be a perfect private school, but we should let it live and have a try so that family schooling may eventually become an indispensable component of our formal education.。