2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：38

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Though she isn't British by birth, she is a British citizen by （） of her marriage to an Englishman.
问题1选项
A.virtue
B.merit
C.approach
D.relation
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。

by virtue of为固定搭配,意为"由于,凭借"。

句意：虽然她不是英国人, 但由于她嫁给了英国人, 所以她是英国公民。

2.
单选题
Up until the age of 18, I read very little. I （1 ） myself to what was necessary for a secondary-school （2 ） . I was always busy either playing soccer or falling in love. Then came the day when, as a young columnist, my main （3 ） was to reaD.And I got to like it. My head spun! An unknown passion took （4 ） of me. What happened? For me, it was the （5 ） of a new state of being in love. I began to take possession of books and to annotate them. （6 ）
I would tell them, in an only slightly （7 ） way, how much I liked them or didn't. Today,
25 years later, I （8 ） through my books from those days and it's magic, finding myself face to face with the young man I once was. Sometimes I （9 ） him. Other times I find him （10 ） . Certain remarks seem （11 ） to me now. Others make me happy. I was right about that, I sometimes say to myself. Twenty-five years later I find the （12 ） trace of my thoughts, my （13 ） of that time. That's why I never lend out my books. I give （14 ） the ones of which I have two （15 ） and the ones I've never reaD.But the ones I've （16 ） up cannot （17 ） : they have become my journals, my （18 ） . To let someone read them would be （19 ） myself up to scrutiny. I would be allowing others to break into me like a （20 ） breaks into a house.
问题1选项
A.contributed
B.defined
C.limited
D.controlled
问题2选项
A.paper
B.diploma
C.permit
D.qualification
问题3选项
A.interest
B.assignment
C.responsibility
D.right
问题4选项
A.advantage
B.hold
C.charge
D.obsession
问题5选项
A.intrusion
B.attack
C.invasion
D.raid
问题6选项
A.Really
B.But
C.Thus
D.Besides
问题7选项
A.distorted
B.twisted
C.contorted
D.zigzagged 问题8选项A.thumb
B.scan
C.finger
D.turn
问题9选项
A.enjoy
B.understand
C.receive
D.identify
问题10选项
A.promising
B.eloquent
C.credible
D.hopeless
问题11选项
A.interesting
B.exact
C.stupid
D.desperate
问题12选项
A.live
B.alive
C.living
D.lively
问题13选项
A.sensibilities
B.sentiments
C.senses
D.sensitivities
问题14选项
A.out
B.away
C.up
D.in
问题15选项
A.editions
B.versions
C.copies
D.volumes
问题16选项
A.marked
B.drawn
C.written
D.signed
问题17选项
A.spread
B.circle
C.circulate
D.cycle
问题18选项
A.acknowledgements
B.recognitions
C.admissions
D.confessions
问题19选项
A.giving
B.turning
C.opening
D.revealing
问题20选项
A.guest
B.liar
C.robber
D.burglar
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:A
第6题:C
第7题:C
第8题:A
第9题:B
第10题:D
第11题:C
第12题:C
第13题:A
第14题:B
第15题:C
第16题:A
第17题:C
第18题:D
第19题:C
第20题:D
【解析】1.根据上下文, 前文提到"我"很少读书,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的书,由此推测作者将自己限制在有限的学习内容当中。

2.名词词义辨析。

paper"论文"; diploma"毕业证"; permit"允许"; qualification"资格"。

根据句意,仅仅读一些为了得到中学文凭而必须读的书。

故答案为B。

3.名词词义辨析。

作为一名专栏作家, 我的主要职责是阅读。

4.take advantage of sb."利用"; take hold of sh."抓住,吸引"; take charge of sb."控制"; take obsession of sb."困扰"。

根据句意, 一股莫名的激情吸引了我。

选项B符合句意。

5.intrusion"闯入"; attack"袭击"; invasion"侵略";raid"袭击,查抄"。

根据句意,能与love搭配的动词只能是 intrusion,爱情是闯入进来的。

选项A正确。

6.逻辑关系。

根据上下文的联系, 可知这里应该为因果关系。

选项C正确。

7.distorted歪曲的, 曲解的, 一般指说的话或做的事被曲解; twisted扭曲的,别扭的; contorted扭曲的; zigzagged呈之字形的。

twisted和 contorted都有"扭曲的"意思, twisted主要指身体的扭曲, contorted表达较为抽象, 这里指不直白的, 即委婉的表达方式。

所以选项C更符合原文。

8.thumb through the book为固定搭配, 意为"迅速翻阅一本书"。

9.从下文可知, 这里的him指曾经的自己。

选项只有 understand符合文章上下文语意及逻辑关系。

10.根据原文, 曾经的他不爱阅读,在现在的"我"看来,应该是 hopeless的。

故答案为D。

11.根据下文Others make me happy. 可以推断出, 前后句子形成对比关系。

因此填空处应该填写与happy意义相对的词汇,选项C stupid符合要求。

12.同根词辨析。

live"活的;生动的";alive只能做表语,不可做定语; living"鲜活的,生动的"; lively"活泼的,有生气的"。

选项中,能与trace搭配的形容词只有living合适。

句意：25年后, 我找到了我思想的鲜活痕迹。

选项C正确。

13.sensibility"感觉,感情"; sentiment"多愁善感,情绪";sense"感觉,知觉理智"; sensitivity"敏感性"。

根据句意, 填空处应填入与 thoughts意义相近的词。

选项A更适合。

14.动词介词搭配。

此处所选的介词应与give构成一个词组,并与lend out(借出)同义。

give out"用尽,耗尽"; give away"捐献,赠送"; give up"放弃"; give in"屈服"。

选项B正确。

15.名词词义辨析。

根据句意, 若有两本同样的书, 或是从未阅读过的书, 他会捐献出去。

"两本同样的"应用 two copies; two editions和 two versions是"两版",指内容不同;two volumes泛指"两册",不强调内容是否相同。

选项C符合原文。

16.前文讲到作者喜欢在自己的书上记录心得体会,这里也指那些被他注解过的书,动词选mark与介词up 搭配,意为"给……做记号"。

17.根据原文, 这里指作者做了笔记的书不愿将它流传出去。

spread一般指看不见的东西进行传播, 所以选项C正确。

18.acknowledgement"了解,认识"; recognition"认识"; admission"承认,认可"; confession"自白, 忏悔"。

根据上文可知, 每次当作者翻开那些被做了注释的书, 就好像遇到了以前的自己, 说明这些书对作者来说就像是自己的自白, 选项D符合原文。

19.根据句意：这些做过笔记的书本,若是被别人读了,就好像把自己赤裸裸地暴露在外了似的。

选项C正确。

20.break into(入室抢劫)的"强盗"是 burglar。

选项D正确。

3.
单选题
The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A.D.250 and continued to （） for hundreds of years.
问题1选项
A.thrive
B.flourish
C.prevail
D.popularize
【答案】B
【解析】动词词义辨析。

thrive繁荣, 兴旺, 主要指生长得健壮;flourish繁荣, 兴旺, 指健康地成长发展或处于发展的高峰;prevail盛行, 战胜;popularize普及, 推广。

句意：玛雅文明大约在公元250年达到了其最伟大的发展时期, 并持续繁荣了数百年。

所以选项B更合适。

4.
单选题
By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.
Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.
There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite program of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects or their work. The "tough-minded" school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of "freedom". Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to "self-expression" or "personality development". Our society insists on regular habits, time keeping and punctuality and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.
1.The most widespread problem on applying oneself to study is that of （）.
2.According to the passage, there are many students who （） .
3.Those workers with strict views on work （） .
4.In Paragraph 4 "as the fit takes them" means （） .
5.A suitable title for this passage might be （） .
问题1选项
A.the failure to keep a routine of methodical and intensive work
B.changing from one subject to another
C.unwillingness to follow a systematic plan
D.applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined
问题2选项
A.do not like being commanded to study according to a weekly timetable
B.are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetable
C.refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military discipline
D.shrink from the self-discipline required for working to a weekly plan
问题3选项
A.are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinct
B.reject the idea that good work is second nature to man
C.do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspiration
D.despise the idea that work can be done well only when free from external pressure and prompted by internal stimulus
问题4选项
A.when they have the energy
B.when they are in the mood
C.when they find conditions suitable
D.when they feel fit
问题5选项
A.Attitudes to Study
B.Study Plans
C.Study and Self-discipline
D.The Difficulties of Studying.
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节判断题。

根据第一段的第一句"By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work."到目前为止, 学习中最常见的困难就是未能进行定期的集中学习。

选项A符合原文。

2.细节判断题。

根据第三段的第一句"There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of
a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite program of work."有许多人不喜欢按照每周的时间表进行自我约束, 不喜欢被一个明确的工作计划所束缚。

选项A符合原文。

3.细节判断题。

根据倒数第二段的最后一句"The "tough-minded" school of workers ... under the influence of inspiration.""意志坚强"的工人学派通常非常鄙视那种认为好的工作只能在灵感的影响下自发完成的想法。

选项D只是换了另一种表达方法, 与原文表达一致, 所以正确。

4.同义辨析题。

结合第一段的的最后一句"as the mood takes them"可知fit指的是"when they are in the mood", 所以选项B正确。

5.主旨大意题。

结合全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述的是学习和自律之间的关系, 选项C更能概括全文。

5.
单选题
Most of the civil servants involved in the affair have been successfully （） and sentenced. 问题1选项
A.prosecuted
B.propagated
C.persecuted
D.precipitated
【答案】A
【解析】prosecute"起诉,告发"; propagate"传播,传送;繁殖"; persecute"迫害,困扰"; precipitate"使沉淀;促成"。

句意：大部分涉案公务员已被成功检控和判刑。

选项A符合句意。

6.
单选题
Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and （） by the same federal laws. 问题1选项
A.conform
B.abide
C.sustain
ply
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配题。

abide by指"遵守..."; conform"遵守,符合", 一般与to和with搭配; sustain"承受;维持"; comply"遵从，服从"，一般与with搭配。

句意：加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人说同一种语言, 并且遵守同样的联邦法律。

选项B正确。

7.
单选题
To take revenge of the defeat last year, each player was making his （） to win the match. Even their fans were cheering for them.
问题1选项
A.setback
B.endeavor
C.remnant
D.distinction
【答案】B
【解析】名词辨析题。

setback挫败，退步；endeavor努力，尝试；remnant剩余；distinction区别，差别。

句意：为了弥补去年的失败，每个运动员都在努力赢得比赛。

甚至他们的球迷也在为他们欢呼。

选项B符合句意。

8.
单选题
In protest, blacks and （） whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were served.
问题1选项
A.sensible
B.indifferent
C.influential
D.sympathetic
【答案】D
【解析】形容词辨析题。

sensible"明智的, 合情理的";indifferent"不关心的, 冷淡的, 中立的"; influential"有影响的, 有权势的";sympathetic"同情的，赞同的"。

句意：在抗议活动中, 黑人和那些支持抗议行为的白人坐在餐馆的柜台上, 拒绝离开，直到他们得到服务。

选项D符合句意。

9.
单选题
Now that the excitement of celebrating has had a chance to （） , it's time to turn the Olympic ideal into reality.
问题1选项
A.cut off
B.carry away
C.turn off
D.wear off
【答案】D
【解析】动词词组辨析。

cut off"切断,中断"; carry away"运走;失去自制力";turn of"关闭"; wear off"逐渐减少,逐渐消失"。

句意:既然庆祝的激情已经开始逐渐消失, 那么是时候把奥林匹克理想变成现实了。

10.
单选题
Helen Keller's work gave comfort and encouragement to other handicapped people who （） might have led a hopeless life.
问题1选项
A.therefore
B.thus
C.or
D.otherwise
【答案】D
【解析】考查逻辑关系。

句意：海伦•凯勒的工作是给其他残疾人以安慰和鼓励, 否则他们可能会过着绝望的生活。

前后构成转折关系,选项D正确。

11.
单选题
The value of the industrial（）dropped from about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion.
问题1选项
A.outcome
B.outlook
C.output
D.outset
【答案】C
【解析】常用搭配。

industrial output指"工业产量", 为常用搭配。

句意：工业产值从700亿美元下降到310多亿美元。

选项C正确。

12.
单选题
Some travelers believe carriers intentionally ground half-filled flights to cut cost, only to fill up later planes. Mysterious cancellations just rub people the wrong way. One passenger complained that an American Airlines gate agent told him he didn't have the foggiest idea why a flight had been cancelleD.Wary of lost bags and long waits at check-in and luggage carousel, many passengers try to lug as much carry-on baggage as they can, slowing boarding and increasing the stress on other passengers. Stephanie Mehas, a passenger, said, "Always pack two properly sized carryons," she says, "but many people come banging down the aisle with multiple bags, expecting to jam them all in the overhead bin." This can be dangerous. Falling carry-on bags annually injure thousands of passengers.
As to the present situation, veteran airline observer Robert Poole contends that legislation and industry promises"are stopgaps". Greater regulation will do nothing to spur innovation, and, he notes, between 1998 and 2010, air travel in America will have expended 40 percent to one billion annual passengers, overwhelming our ready strained infrastructure. Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend.The ultimate solution, says Poole, is to complete the" unfinished revolution" that began in 1978 with government deregulation of airline routes and fares. Poole believes that the antiquated, overly bureaucratic air-traffic-control system could be privatized, following the successful model of Nav Canada, which uses high-tech equipment and modern administrative procedure. Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets. More of these airports will relieve the pressure on the big airports, but put pressure on the carriers to improve.
1.The sentence ".. didn't have the foggiest idea" in Line 3 means （） .
2.Too much hand baggage can cause some problems EXCEPT （） .
3.In Poole's view, which of the following will do for a change?
4.Besides privatization, Poole also puts forward another solution, that is（）
5.Which of the following best fits for the title?
问题1选项
A.he didn't know
B.he knew, but couldn't say
C.be vaguely knew
D.he was not in a position to know试题分析
问题2选项
A.safety problems on board the plane
B.more time in boarding
C.pressure on other passengers
D.disorder on the plane
问题3选项
A.Legislation.
B.Industry commitment.
C.Regulation.
D.Expansion of the present system.
问题4选项
A.more use of jets
B.less restriction on routes and fares
C.the adoption of high-tech equipment
D.establishment of secondary airports
问题5选项
A.The Airlines Are in Trouble
B.The Inefficiency of the Airlines
C.Problems and Solutions for the Airlines
D.The System of the Airlines Should Change
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.细节推斷题。

foggiest的原形是foggy, 意为"模糊的"。

这句话的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一点都不知道的意思。

选项A正确。

2.细节判断题。

根据第一段的内容可知, 行李过多会导致登机速度更慢, 也增加了其他乘客的压力。

放在行李架上也会有掉落的风险从而伤到其他人, 所以选项A, B, C均正确, 只有选项D未提及。

3.细节推断题。

根据题干关键词Poole定位到第二段。

根据第三句"Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend."他预计, 除非该系统得到扩展, 否则客户服务将继续全面下滑。

选项D符合原文。

4.细节推断题。

根据第二段的倒数第二句"Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets."。

另一项在海外表现出巨大前景的创新是小型私人机场, 它们使用新型节油飞机提供点对点服务。

选项A正确。

5.主旨大义题。

本文讲述了航天系统所岀现的问题及其解决策略。

选项C符合文章主旨。

13.
单选题
Both sides at the conflict have agreed temporarily to （） hostilities.
问题1选项
A.suspend
B.reconcile
promise
D.negotiate
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

Suspend"延缓,推迟"; reconcile"使一致,使和解";compromise"妥协,和解"; negotiate"谈判,交涉"。

句意：冲突双方已同意暂时停止敌对行动。

选项A符合句意。

14.
单选题
In a supermarket, all commodities are open to customers who can select what they need （） . 问题1选项
A.with their ease
B.at their ease
C.at their easiness
D.with their easiness
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。

at one' s ease是固定短语,意为"没有拘束的"。

句意：在超市里, 所有的商品都对顾客开放, 顾客可以自由选择他们需要的东西。

15.
单选题
Some people feel there is a great deal of （） between religion and science.
问题1选项
bat
B.fight
C.conflict
D.battle
【答案】C
【解析】combat"战斗,搏斗";fight"打架,战斗"; conflict"冲突,争执"; battle"斗争,作战"。

句意：有些人认为宗教和科学之间有很多冲突。

选项C符合句意。