【精品整理】2020年高考英语之高频考点解密十五 阅读理解之词义猜测题

解密15 阅读理解之词义猜测题
考点详解
词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。

【命题趋势】
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。

2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。

3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。

用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

【设问形式】
1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.
2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the au thor means that ______.
3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂can be replaced by ＂______＂.
4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.
5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?
6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph pro bably means that _____.
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

一、相似法：
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。

在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。

统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。

二、对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。

对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。

在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。

利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。

表示对比的信号词有yet, but, while, though, however, otherwise, on the one hand...on the other hand, for one thing...for another thing, instead of等。

…A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.…
74. What does the u nderlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。

Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble 相近。

答案为C。

三、释义法：
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。

释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。

常见的词有：mean, that is, in other words, for example, for instance, such as...
“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing nu mber of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?
A. Growing interest in organic food.
B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food.
D. Higher prices of organic food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。

答案为A。

四、语境推断法：
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。

1．根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。

表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。

表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。

例如：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word ＂hassle＂(paragraph 1) probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。

2．根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。

表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。

例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。

由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是＂健谈的＂。

3．根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。

例如：I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
The word ＂presumptuous＂in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to ＂__________ ＂.
A．full of respect
B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience
D．too shy and quiet
根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。

对应的理解题答案为：B。

Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。

4．根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。

例如：William Shakespeare said. ＂The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.＂
The underlined word ＂mingled＂in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled 的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。

Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is ＂yes＂, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.
根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。

（2019·江苏卷）In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before:he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of
Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon.
B. Digital camera.
C. Big photograph.
D. Bird's view.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。

讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。

根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。

一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。

故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。

五、构词推断法：
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。

掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。

如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。

1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational 的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。

2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish
fishing village on England's most southerly point．
后缀-ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized 的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。

3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。

它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。

We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.
根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。

…Baker concludes that p eople do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”…
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph m ost probably means ________________.
A. value
B. result
C. performance
D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。

动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。

再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。

检测训练
题组一真题在线
Passage 1(2019﹒浙江卷，B)
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do fo r you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some da ys you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
25. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.
26. Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A. To do a test on people’s morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。

短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。

这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。

24. C 【解析】词义猜测题。

由第一段“But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up
with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。

所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的money with no strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。

故B选项正确。

25. B 【解析】推理判断题。

由第二段““People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）
backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说：“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。

”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。

所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。

故B选项正确。

26. D 【解析】细节理解题。

由倒数第二段“While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign,
Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy”可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。

所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。

故D选项正确。

Passage 2(2019·江苏卷，B)
In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before, he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he
was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？
A. Its complicated geographical features.
B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C. The mysterious history of the park.
D. The exact location of the volcano.
59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes.
B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes.
D. The heights of volcanoes.
60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon.
B. Digital camera.
C. Big photograph.
D. Bird's view.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。

讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

58. D 【解析】细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano
anywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。

故选D。

59. A 【解析】主旨大意题。

本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积
形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。

60. C 【解析】词义猜测题。

根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new
high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。

一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。

故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。

Passage 3（2019﹒新课标全国卷III，B）
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks.
B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion.
B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models.
D. They do business all over the world.
26. What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from
B. looking down on
C. working with
D. competing against
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。

文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。

中国成了世界时尚的风向标。

24. B 【解析】细节理解题。

答案定位在第三段The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there
is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。

）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。

25. A 【解析】细节理解题。

答案定位在第四段Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion
campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。

）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。

26. D 【解析】词义猜测题。

下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说并在设计和销售
上击败他们。

由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz,
Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和Mare Jacobs竞争。

taking on意思是“竞争”，故选D。

27. D 【解析】主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western
creations.以及最后一段If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。

），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。

题组二名校模拟
Passage 1
At seventy-three, Marcia Pollock’s father was a man of great independence and pride. The kids called him “Poppy”, a name that everybody used.
Poppy lived in his old neighborhood and he had a part-time job at a local pharmacy（药房）. After Marcia’s mother died, Poppy firmly refused Marcia and Jack’s invit ation to come and live with them. He was stubborn about not crowding their little house, about not becoming a burden.
In fact, he was always helpful. The kids loved him because he listened to them and because he always brought them something. He also brought special gifts to Marcia and Jack, never arriving empty-handed.
And so it was with shock and bewilderment（迷惑）that Marcia went to see Poppy in the hospital that summer after he had fallen down in the street. The doctor said that Poppy had been living on coffee and doughnuts. Later that day, the pharmacist told Marcia, “He has practically no money at all—just the government cheque and what little he makes here. Yet I myself saw him spend most of his last cheque on your little boy’s bicycle.”
She became stern with Poppy.“You’re foolish, Poppy,” she said. “I have my pride,” Poppy answered. “False pride,” she hurle d（斥责）back at him.
During autumn, Poppy didn’t come around as often as he had in the past, but when he did, he would still arrive with little gifts in hand. Then, just before the holidays, Poppy told Marcia that he couldn’t visit them on Christmas Day because he would watch the store, but Marcia knew the shop was not open on Christmas.
She felt worried and called Poppy, telling him that he was one of them and that they all loved him.
Half an hour before the turkey went on the table on Christmas, Poppy came. The kids rushed to him and gave him more hugs and kisses than he had ever had before. Poppy held out his arms to Marcia, and his hands were empty — yet never had they been more filled.
1. Which is Poppy’s reason for not living with his daughter?
A. He had a part-time job.
B. He was stubborn sometimes.
C. He liked living independently.
D. He didn’t want to become a burden to her .
2. Why was Marcia pu zzled after hearing the doctor’s words?
A. She didn’t know who had knocked Poppy down.
B. She thought Poppy had enough money for living.
C. She wondered how to take care of him later.
D. She thought the doctor didn’t know his living condition.
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “stern” in paragraph 5?
A. patient
B. angry
C. respectful
D. afraid.
4. Why does the author say that Poppy’s hands were filled at last?
A. Poppy learned that he was loved.
B. Poppy had brought enough gifts before.
C. Poppy still held his independence and pride.
D. Poppy had found reasons for Marcia’s rudeness.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲了Marcia的母亲去世后，Poppy坚决拒绝女儿Marcia 和女婿Jack的邀请，不和他们住在一起。

他固执地不去挤他们的小房子，不想成为他们的负担。

每次Poppy去看望女儿一家，都会给他们带礼物。

所以，Marcia一直认为自己的父亲有足够的钱生活。

一次意外发生，当医生告诉Marcia，他的父亲根本没有钱的时候，Marcia很困惑，没有钱还给孩子们买礼物。

于是，Marcia和父亲吵了一架。

后来，在圣诞节时，Marcia邀请父亲来家里，并且告诉他，他是他们中的一员，他们都爱他。

这次Poppy终于空手来了，放下了他所谓的“骄傲”。

1. D 【解析】细节理解题。

答案定位在第二段After Marcia’s mother died, Poppy firmly refused Marcia
and Jack’s invitation to come and live wit h them. He was stubborn about not crowding their little house, about not becoming a burden.（Marcia的母亲去世后，Poppy坚决拒绝Marcia和Jack
的邀请，不和他们住在一起。

他固执地不去挤他们的小房子，不想成为他们的负担。

）由此可知，Poppy不和他女儿住在一起的原因是他不想成为她的负担，故选D。

2. B 【解析】推理判断题。

根据第三段In fact, he was always helpful. The kids loved him because he
listened to them and because he always brought them something. He also brought special gifts to Marcia and Jack, never arriving empty-handed.（事实上，他总是乐于助人。

孩子们爱他，因为他听他们说话，因为他总是给他们带来一些东西。

他还给Marcia和Jack带来了特别的礼物，从来没有空手而来。

）和第四段The doctor said that Poppy had been living on coffee and
doughnuts. Later that day, the pharmacist told Marcia, “He has practically no money at all—just
the government cheque and what little he makes here. Yet I myself saw him spend most of his last cheque on you r little boy’s bicycle.”（医生说Poppy一直靠咖啡和甜甜圈生活。

那天晚些时候，药剂师告诉Marcia，“他实际上什么钱也没有——只有一张政府支票和他在这里挣的一点点钱。

可是我亲眼看见他把最后一张支票的大部分都花在你儿子的自行车上了。

”）Marcia的父亲一直给他们买礼物，所以Marcia认为自己的父亲有足够的钱生活。

当医生告诉Marcia，他的父亲根本没有钱的时候，Marcia很困惑，故选B。

3. B 【解析】词义猜测题。

下文“You’re foolish, Poppy,” she said. “I have my pride,” Poppy answered.
“False pride,” she hurled（斥责）back at him.意思是“你真傻，Poppy”她说。

“我有我的骄傲，”
Poppy回答。

“错误的骄傲，”她狠狠地回击他。

由此可知She became stern with Poppy.意思是她对Poppy很生气。

“stern”意思是生气的，A. patient有耐心的；B. angry生气的；C.
respectful尊敬的；D. afraid.害怕的，故选B。

4. A 【解析】推理判断题。

答案定位在最后一段She felt worried and called Poppy, telling him that he
was one of them and that they all loved him.（她很担心，给Poppy打了电话，告诉他，他是他们中的一员，他们都爱他。

）由此推断出，作者说Poppy的手最后被填满了是因为Poppy知道他被家人爱着，故选A。

Passage 2
Benjamin Franklin clearly knew how to get things done. After scanning the long list of Benjamin Franklin’s achievements, one can only come to one conclusion that the American man probably never had a wasted day in his life. When he was 84 years old, he became a successful author, printer, politician, postmaster, inventor, musician, and diplomat.
There's much we can learn from Benjarin Frankin's work habits and opinions on life that can increase。