2020考研英语一真题与解析可编辑

2021年研究生入学统一考试试题〔英语一〕
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions：
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonetheless havegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions;theSundayroast.__1__acoldwinter'sday, fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedourhealth.That
this__3__shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure__4__todamageourhealth.
TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has__5__apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalled acrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked__6__hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould__7__ crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly__8__toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidenceto supportsuchalarmistadvice?__9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice, thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.
Scientistssaythecompoundis"__11__tobecarcinogenic"buthavenohardscientificproof.__12__the precautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis__13__tofollowtheFSAadvice.__14__,itwasrumoredthat smokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea__15__.
Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe__16__uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables, withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?__17__,theFSAsaysitisnottelling peopletocutoutroastfoods__18__,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their__19__riskscoming acrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust__20__withnoonelistening.
1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till
2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence
3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern
4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed
5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled
6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by
7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid
8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially
9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While
10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]inconclusive[D]negative
11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow
12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto
13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate
14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall
15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern
16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used
17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]ingeneral
18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully
19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition
20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup
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SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour answersontheANSWERSHEET.〔40points〕
Text1
AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK "townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwas heldbyHullin2021andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthe successofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin220mofinvestm￡entandanavalancheofarts,outnottobe confinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcesto puttogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannual event,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthe muchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990and Liverpoolin2021.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverof
self-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowsthat willfollow-villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofa placelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereally successfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringin
high-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere; theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresa remarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community. groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainly beseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatit remainstoday.
A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustain itshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould___.
A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain
B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns
C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns
D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas______..
A.asensiblecompromise
B.aself-deceivingattempt
C.aneye-catchingbonus
D.aninaccessibletarget
23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit______
A.endeavortomaintainitsimage
B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople
C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence
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Dmitstoitslong-termgrowth
24.“Glasgow〞ismentionedinParagraph3topresent______
A.acontrastingcase
B.asupportingexample
C.abackgroundstory
D.arelatedtopic
25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
A.Skeptical
B.Objective
C.Favorable
D.Critical
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjoumalsinwhichtopublishtheir research,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedwork ofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionof scientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthis century,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmargins approaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis. TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,made profitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan￡210min2021toenable researcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespite increasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobal photocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2021,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticle publishedsince2021 .ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselves legallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatit worksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithas beenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms: eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscan makeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothe demandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparing anarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothof subscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts〞hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insome waysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreein exchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inboth
cases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause________
[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.
[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.
[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.
[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.
27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave________
[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.
[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.
[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.
[D]financedresearchersgenerously.
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28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[C]Concerned
[D]Encouraged.
29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms________
[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.
[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.
[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.
[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.
30.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsthescientificpublishingmodel?
[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.
[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.
[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.
D]Thefewfeedonthemany.
Text3
Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.But alltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoes littletohelpaveragepeople.
ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTempore PatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.
HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percent female.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposing governmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percent ofboardseatsforwomenby2022.
ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifomia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststateto requiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmitted thatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.
TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan "important"policyinterest,BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryof priordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equal protection".
Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynot currentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?
Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference. AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2021and2021 theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobal corporationsincreasedby54percent.
Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadto lessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwide corporategenderquota.
WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboard membershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa“goldesnkirt "phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.
Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpolicies arelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.
31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills________
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[A]helplittletoreducegenderbias.
[B]poseathreattothestategovernment.
[C]raisewomen'spositioninpolitics.
[D]greatlybroadencareeroptions.
32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?
[A]Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.
[B]ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt,
[C]ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.
[D]Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.
33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate____
[A]theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.
[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.
[C]thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.
[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.
34.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto____
[A]theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole.
[B]theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.
[C]theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.
[D]thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement.
35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?
[A]Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.
[B]Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.
[C]Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.
[D]Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.
Text4
LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxon largemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesinclude everythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuser data,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservces.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshave referredtothisasa“GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,
Apple,FacebookandAmazon-inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.
ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupport forthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificant controversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminates againstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.
TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservices taxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabet soupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia's MAAL(multinationalantiavoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew. Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplated digitalservicestaxes.
Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalson incomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonot grantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepup withthecurrenteconomy.
Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment
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(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2021onaninternational
solution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservices taxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.
France`splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingthe internationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeof differenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.
36.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto_____
[A]regulatedigitalservicesplatforms.
[B]protectFrenchcompanies'interests.
[C]imposealevyontechmultinationals.
[D]curbtheinfluenceofadvertising.
37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax_____
[A]maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance.
[B]isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad.
[C]aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions.
[D]willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance.
38.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat_____
[A]redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured.
[B]thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading.
[C]techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented.
[D]allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights.
39.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork_____
[A]isbeingresistedbyUScompanies.
[B]needstobereadjustedimmediately.
[C]isfacedwithuncertainprospects.
[D]needstoininvolvemorecountries.
40.Whichofthefollowingmightbethe.besttitleforthistext?
[A]FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions
[B]FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax
[C]FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals
[D]FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy
PartB
Directions:
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableone fromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof thegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
[A]Eyefixactionsarebrief
[B]Toomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude
[C]Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal
[D]Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact
[E]Biologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated
[F]Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers
[G]Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.
Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.
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Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidatetumstowardtheircompetitorduringadebate andmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:
41.________________
Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.This mutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseina pleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom, "Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesby psychologistMonicaMoore.
42.________
NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrom mentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalso foundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact. Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvanced methodsofbrainscanning.
43.________
Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernment concludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituationWhileeye contactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it'smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominance OFintimidationinadversarialsituations.Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeep'in mindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentset ofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.
44.________
Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.These pausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportant pointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledand perceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.
45.________
Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousness andanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcher JariHietanenandcolleagues.Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentre ofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer-"Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfor negativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersforshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelings whenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.
PartCTranslation
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslation shouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points) FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodern worldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholic Churchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.Renaissanceideashadspreadthroughout Europewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamore logicaldisposition.46.With〔thegapbetween〕thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbythe Renaissance,thegapbetweenthemedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexplored intellectualterritories.
-7-
DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalilei demonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.47.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersat thetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthe centreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolved notaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuch atheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuch hereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.Galileowas excommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportofthe heliocentricprinciple.
48.DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtostrong-armthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,more explanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmade,andataratethatthepeople-includingtheChurch -couldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwas born.
TheChurch'slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.This veryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.49.As manytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld.TheRenaissance wasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.
The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismand thequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.50.Such actionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatin
phrase'sapereaude'or'daretoknow',afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessayAnAnswertotheQuestion:What isEnlightenment?Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,which theybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.
SectionIVWriting
PartA
51.Directions:
TheStudentUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinformtheinternationalstudentsanupcoming singingcontest.Writeanoticeinabout100words.
WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotuseyournameinthenotice.
PartB
52:Directions:
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould:
1)Describethepicturebriefly;
2)Interprettheimpliedmeaning,and
3)Giveyourcomments
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1年
研
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入学统一考试试题〔英语一〕解析 SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions ： Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe ANSWERSHEET.(10points) 今年完
形填空的难度较前两
年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文要对文章内容 有全面和精准的把握才能做好。

主要内容讲的是虽然烤肉之类的食品是会对X X 带来危害，我们健 康方面的危言耸听也不可过度恐慌。

属于比拟生活的话题。

下面我们一起来看一下解析。

1.【答案】COn 【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。

Onacoldwinter'sday 意思是在一个寒冷冬日。

介词on 后加具体的某 一天；in 后加一段时间，例如inwinter ，in2002；toward 表方向，不与时间搭配；till 意思是直到，例如 tilltomorrow ，tillnextweek ，与句意不符。

故正确答案为on 。

2.【答案】Amatch 【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。

文章的首段首句提到：即使家庭成员不太可能下来一， 但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一：星期日烤肉。

Onacoldwinter'sday, fewculinarypleasurescan__2__it.在一个寒冷的冬日，很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。

match 匹配。

express 表达。

satisfy 满足，满意；确信；符合。

influence 影响。

3.【答案】Benjoyment 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。

上文说到星期日烤肉是一
项
开心的
活动。

后
文
Y
然而正如现在报道的那样，为这种3会导致另一种有罪的快乐4损害我们的健 康。

enjoyment 乐趣与上文pleasures 和下文anotherpleasures 互为关联信息。

patience 耐心，耐性。

surprise 惊喜。

concern 关心。

4.【答案】Dguaranteed 【解析】此处考察非谓语动词做后置定语的用法。

空格所在句指出：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4损害我们的XX 。

guaranteed 有保证的，一定的，填入空格处意为：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的 快乐，肯定会损害我们的XX 。

intensified 增强，加剧；privileged 享有特权，专用，特许；compelled 强迫。

5.【答案】Aissued 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has__5__apublicwarning...食品标准管 理局一项公开的警告...issued 发表，发布，发出；received 接收，接到；ignored 无视，忽略；canceled 取消。

issuedapublicwarning 发出一项公开的警告符合文意。

6.【答案】Bat 【解析】此处考察介词辨析。

insomefoodscooked__6__hightemperatures.under 在...下面；for 为了；因 为；对于；by 在⋯旁边;通过;由于;经过。

7.【答案】Davoid 【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。

7空句首thismean 代词this 指代上文高温炙烤的食物里会有化学复 合物有害人体身体XX 。

所以下文提出建议人们应该7炸土豆，不吃薄皮披萨并且...7空同时也与 -10-
reject构成语义并列的关系，故avoid正确。

forget忘记；regret懊悔；finish完成。

8.【答案】Apartially
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。

...andonly__8__toasttheirbread.8空前文说到建议人们不吃
炸土豆，薄皮披萨或者只是8烤面包。

partially局部地，偶尔地；regularly有规律地；easily容
易地；initially最初地。

故A选项正确。

9.【答案】DWhile
【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系+逻辑连接词辨析。

__9__studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancause neurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno__10__evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.9研究说明丙
烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但是没有10证据说明它会导致人类患癌症。

前后句为转折/比照/让步的
逻辑关系，应选择while表示虽然，尽管。

Unless除非，表条件的逻辑关系；Since因为，表因果逻辑；
If如果，表条件的逻辑关系。

10.【答案】Cconclusive
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。

9研究说明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但是没有10
证据说明它会导致人类患癌症。

conclusive决定性的;令人信服的;确凿的
secondary第二的，中等的;间接的;external外面的，外部的;外表上的;外用的;外国的;negative消极的，否认的。

11.【答案】Clikely
【解析】此处考察固定搭配。

belikelyto可能。

insufficient缺乏的，不够的；bound捆绑的，束缚的，有义务的；slow缓慢的。

12.【答案】AOnthebasisof
【解析】此处考察短语辨析+上下文逻辑。

__12__theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis __13__tofollowtheFSAadvice.12预防性原那么，可以说遵循FSA的建议是13。

Onthebasisof
以...为根底，根据，按照；Atthecostof以...为代价；Inadditionto除...之外；Incontrastto与之相对，相反。

13.【答案】Badvisable
【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。

根据预防性原那么，可以说遵循FSA的建议是13。

interesting有趣的；advisable明智的，可取的；urgent急迫的；fortunate幸运的，幸运的。

14.【答案】DAfterall
【解析】考察逻辑关系。

原文中上一句说“基于“预防原那么〞，可以认为最好遵循FSA的建议〞。

本句说“在有证据证明吸烟与癌症之间的联系之前，吸烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。

结合选项分析，As
usual像往常一样，Inparticular尤其，特别，Bydefinition根据定义，Afterall毕竟，只有Afterall符合文意。

15.【答案】Cconnection
【解析】此题考察动宾搭配，结合语境和句子成分理解，这里的名词放在prove“证明〞后面，整体处在不定式中做主语补足语说明主语evidence，这里“证据〞应该是证明出来〔吸烟和肺癌〕有联系的，应选择connection。

Resemblance相似，combination结合，pattern模式，均不符合。

16.【答案】Bserved
-11-
【
解析】
此
题考察主谓
搭配
，
此处为
态，apieceofboiledbeef 构成实际上的“动宾关系〞，
句意“毫无疑问，一片煮熟的牛肉总能在周日和一些蒸蔬菜一起__16__〞。

这里servedup 表示“上菜，端 上〞正和文意。

而其他选项made 制作，saved 节省，used 使用，均不符合。

17.【答案】ATobefair
【解析】此题考察主谓搭配，上一句说“但是生命值得过下去吗？〞本句话说，“英FSA 表示，它并没有 告诉人们....不吃烘焙食品〞，可见后文并没有对上文进展举例〔f orinstance 〕或总结〔Tobebrief 〕或表 示经常发生的事情〔ingeneral 〕，故，应该选择顺承关系的Tobefair 。

18.【答案】Bentirely 【解析】此处考察副词的修饰关系。

本句话句意为“英FSA 表示，它并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品 __18__〞。

结合各选项分析：reluctantly 不情愿地，entirely 完全地，gradually 逐渐地，carefully 小心谨 慎地，能跟前面的否认词not 照应使用表示一种局部否认的，只能是entirely 才适宜，not...entirely 表示 “并未完全...。

〞
19.【答案】Ccampaign
【解析】此题考察主谓搭配。

根据原文语境“然而，他们〔FSA 〕的...有风险给人一种‘劝诱式’保姆的感
觉〞，答案campaign 表示“〔开展的〕运动，活动〞放在这里最适宜。

promise 承诺，experience 经历或
经历，competition 竞争，均不能表达本文中F SA 所做行为的代称。

20.【答案】Dendup
【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“持续不断的XX 威胁__20__却没有人在听。

〞这里想强调太多的
的对XX 的恐慌的最终结果，只有“完毕，以...告终〞这个含义最符合，所以选择endup ，而followup
跟踪，坚持完成，pickup 捡起，拾起，偶然学到，openup 翻开，开发，均不符合文义。

Section ⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour
answersontheANSWERSHEET.〔40points 〕
Text1
21CincreasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain ’stowns
这道题是细节题。

题干问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城〞这一奖项可能会怎样可以定位在第一段第
三句：“CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,⋯⋯〞“赫尔之冠〞的成功
并不局限于城市，它为赫尔带来了2.2亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。

英国的城镇，确实没有被阻止申
请，但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。

有人认为，“文化之城〞奖可以成为
一项年度活动，吸引资金并创造就业时机。

所以能看出答案是C.增强英国城镇的经济实力。

22Baself-deceivingattempt
该题是推断题,题干问:根据第二段，这一提议或许会被一些人认为是⋯⋯.。

可以定位在第二段第一句
“Somemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthat ⋯⋯〞“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一
个嘘声，因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了⋯⋯〞能看出来有些人是持反面
态度的。

很多人不认识boo ，但是也能从后面的onthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverof
self-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselffor,在绝望地为英国退欧后的世界重塑形象之际，英国即
-12-
将
消失
在一场无
休止的
自我庆
之中.接
下来
几个反问
句，能
看
出来
是一种
自我欺
骗
，所以 选择B 。

23Dcommitstoitslong-termgrowth
该题也是细节题,题干问:作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要它⋯⋯可以定位到第三段第三句，这 些头衔真正成功的持有者，是那些除了为酒店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之 外，还做了很多事情的人。

它们转变了当地居民的愿望;他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的 一面。

所以能看出只要他把致力于乡村的长期开展中，这个头衔就会是成功的。

24A.acontrastingcase 这题是写作目的题，题干说：第3段提到格拉斯哥是为了展现什么。

可以定位到第三段倒数第一句。

可以看到前面有明显的BUT ，知道和前面的意思成相反。

“这个问题很难解决，需要高度的远见卓识，
也需要城市当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。

但这是可以做到的:格拉斯哥作为欧洲 文化之都的一年，可以被看作是一系列复杂的因素之一，这些因素把这座城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧 的力量，直到今天。

〞 25Dfavourable
这题是作者态度题，问作者对于这个建议的态度。

第一段是提出该建议。

第二段是一些人认为这个建议 有点吹嘘。

而只有最后一段能看出作者对此建议的态度，“一个‘文化之城’不仅仅是艺术之城，而且 要尊重一个城市的特色——帮助维持它的商业街，支持当地的设施，最重要的是赞美它的人民，并将其 转化为行动。

〞所以能看出是积极赞成的态度。

Text2 26细节题D itscontentacquisitioncostnothing 根据题干中关键词a licencetoprintmoneybecause,定位到第一段第二句，其他科学家也免费进展同行评 议的专门工作，因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。

正确选项D ，acquisition 原词，forfree 替换选项中的，costnothing. 27细节
题A thrivedmainlyonuniversitieslibraries 根据题干关键
词E lsevier 定位到第三段第一句话，TheDutchgiantElsevier,....madeprofitsofmorethan 490mlastyear.whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan210min2021,该公司去年利润超过4.9亿英镑
然而仅英国大学在2021年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑。

正确选项A 主要依靠大学图书馆为定位句的同
意表达
28态度题Bconcerned
根据题干中关键
词S ci-Hub 的成功定位到第四段第二句，ThesuccessofSci-Hub,....havethemselves legallyaccessedshowsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothat itworksforallparticipants 这说明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进展改造，以便为所 有参与者效劳.可见作者对于Sci-Hub 的成功采取否认态度，正确选项Bconcerned 担忧，担忧。

Arelieved 宽慰的，Cpuzzled 困惑的属错误选项，Dencouraged 鼓励的，正反混淆
29推断题Aallowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney
根据题干关键
词o penaccess 定位到第四段，最后一句...sothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbefore..., 合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利，A 选项为同义替换。

Brenderpublishingmucheasierforscientists
使发表对科学家来说容易得多.Creducethecostofpublicationsubstantiality 降低出版本钱D.free
universitiesfromfinancialburdens 使大学摆脱财政负担
30细节
题D thefewfeedonthemany 根据题干关键
词s cientificpublishingmodel 定位到最后一段第五句，labourisprovidedplacesfreein exchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.劳。