2020-2021学年北京市广安中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年北京市广安中学高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Last summer, Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work inMinneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window and shouted. “Hey. I’m driving around giving free haircuts. Do you want one right now?” The man laughed, then paused. “Actually,” he said, “I was really hoping to get a haircut.” Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately. After the work was done, the man looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he said.
Up to now, Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts around the city to people with little influence, and she is strongly aware of the power of her cleanup job.
As a teen, she suffered from a severe disease, causing her hair to get thinned, so her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she says. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own barbershop so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology (美容术) school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own.
“Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely peoplelooked,” she said. “I thought maybe I’d go around and ask if people want free haircuts. I can’t fix their problems, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.”
It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” said Steller. “You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.”
1. How does the writer begin the passage?
A. By making a comparison.
B. By giving a reason.
C. By raising a question.
D. By describing a scene.
2. What made Stellar start the Red Chair Project?
A. Her mother’s love for her.
B. Her interest in cosmetology.
C. Her care for those in need.
D. Her wish to fight severe diseases.
3. What did Stellar expect from the project?
A. To spread kindness.
B. To solve social problems.
C. To deal with relationships.
D. To make people look smarter.
B
Blood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored by freezing for up to six weeks. “Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs. But also, in places where freezing may not be available, that can also be a challenge. It’s difficult to have blood available when needed.”
“Thedisruptionsto regular blood donations due to COVID-19 have put stress on the blood supply, and the pandemic emphasizes the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.” UniversityofLouisvillebioengineer Jonathan Kopechek said.
Kopechek’s team has developeda method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated state at room temperature. They turned to an unusual preservative: a sugar called trehalose（海藻糖）, which is a common ingredient in donuts... to help make them look fresh even when they mightbe months old, and you wouldn’t know the difference.
The researchers chose trehalose because, in nature, it’s made by hardy animals like tardigrades and sea monkeys—aka brine shrimp—famous for their ability to survive dehydration.
So these animals can dry out completely for a long period of time and then be rehydrated and resume normal function. First, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. They used ultrasound（超声波）to drill temporary holes in the cell membranes—which let some trehalose get in. And they need to have sufficient levels of trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. And then we can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal.
“The technique could be ready for clinical test in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters. Maybe medicine bag on the Red Planet will include dried red blood cells.” Kopechek said.
4. Why do people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs?
A. Because blood donations aren’t popular.
B. Because the blood needs can’t be met.
C. Because blood storage by freezing has time limit.
D. Because blood freezing is a challenge in many places.
5. What does the underlined word “disruptions” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. pause
B. damage
C. end
D. distribution
6. According to the research of Kopechek’s team, what can we learn about?
A. Blood can be preserved in a dehydrated state by freezing.
B. Trehalose is only made by hardy animals like tardigrades.
C. Trehalose can help make donuts look fresh for a long time.
D. The technique of blood dehydration has been applied in clinical test.
7. How did trehalose get into blood cell?
A. By the process of dehydration and rehydration.
B. By being dried and made into a power.
C. By rehydrating the blood returning back to normal.
D. By the temporary holes drilled by ultrasound.
C
Contrary to the long-held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition, new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result.
The research, led by Dr Rocio, studied adult and seedling (幼苗)plants in the ecological desert in the south-east of Spain. Dr Rocio said, “If you're a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill, for example-and you’re lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant, your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own. What we have found, which was surprising, is an established large plant, called a ‘nurse’, protects a seedling; it also produces more flowers than the same plants of similar large size growing on their own.”
Other benefits of nurse-seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment. For example, vegetation areas with nurse plants with more flowers might be able to attract higher numbers of pollinators(传粉者)in an area, in turn supporting insect and soil life and even provide a greater range of different fruit types for birds and other animals.
“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性),” Dr Rocio said. “The more biodiversean area, the greater number of species of plants, insect life, mammals and birds, and the better the chances of long-term healthy functioning of the environment and ecosystems. ” This system is win-win for adult and seedling plants in unfavorable environments.
The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments. Most home gardeners and farmers plan to ensure their soil and conditions are the best they can be for plant growth, but the
findings might be of value to those who garden in bare places.
8. What is a common understanding of plants?
A. They can help each other.
B. They can survive ill conditions.
C. They compete with each other.
D. They grow well on their own.
9. What will happen to seedling plants if they grow under adult plants?
A. They will produce more flowers.
B. They will die owing to competition.
C. They will make adult plants larger.
D. They will get support from adult plants.
10. What is the effect of the nurse-seedling partnership?
A. It leads to unfavorable environments.
B. It produces long-term healthy chances.
C. It attracts higher and larger pollinators.
D It provides a more variety of plant types.
11. Who will benefit from the new research?
A. People studying organic farming.
B. People protecting plants on sand hills.
C. People wanting to change biodiversity.
D. People keeping more animals on the farm.
D
One day when I was 5, my mother criticized me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. In my angry motion to open the screen door (纱门) with my foot, I kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no regret, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.
Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have criticized my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for it. But my parents never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, a crack in the defense against unwanted insects.
For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would remind me of my mistake from time to time. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. I would wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying
insectentered our home, making life more terrible for us all. My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhaps could not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Aboveall, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.
12. When the author damaged the door, his parents _______.
A. scolded him for what he had done
B. left the door unrepaired
C. told him how expensive it was
D. gave him a spanking
13. How did the author feel every time he saw the damaged door?
A. He felt ashamed of his uncontrolled anger at that time.
B. He found that his family members no longer liked him.
C. He found it destroyed the happy atmosphere at his home.
D. He felt he had to work hard to make up for (弥补) the damage.
14. The experience may cause the author _______.
A. to hide his anger away from others
B. not to go against his parents’ will
C. to have a better control of himself
D. not to make mistakes in the future
15. What of the following is the main idea of this passage?
A. Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior.
B. Parents shouldn’t educate their children.
C. What is the best way to become a more patient person?
D. Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Eating together as a family is a rare thing these days. ___16___.Once I start my own family, I’ll definitely do anything possible to establish a tradition of eating together as a family. Here’s why.
___17___
When you eat together as a family each day, your children will learn to respect both parents. They know you two are busy, but still find time to share meals with them.
Learn good table manners
When you have small kids, eating together as a family is an easy way to show and teach them good table manners, of course, if yours are good. ___18___,how to be on time so that other family members don’t starve, and how to behave at the table. You want to be proud of your grown-up kids, don’t you?
Create wonderful memories
___19___.They will know how important it is to eat together as a family, and will definitely teach their kids to do the same. Your family tradition of sharing meals together as a family will pass down from generation to generation.
There are many benefits of eating together as a family that many of us didn’t even think about. Teach your children to appreciate family time and food, and show them how to behave well at the table. ___20___.
A.Respect both Mom and Dad
B.Your children will learn when it’s best to eat
C.They will thank you down the road
D.Parents are always busy and kids have their own plans
E.When you eat together, you do eat those healthy meals too
F.When your children grow up, they will never forget those funny and precious family mealtimes
G.It’s an excellent opportunity to become a family unit and improve your relationship with kids
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项It’s fortunate for children to have siblings (兄弟姐妹) accompanying them. And the kids would be luckier to have a brother as____21____as Christian Hamerter. The 1l-year-old boy, attended a father-daughter dance with his 7-year-old sister Skylar after finding Skylar was____22____by their dad.
In the days leading up to the____23____in March, it was all Skylar was____24____for, talking about it all day. On the other hand, her mom Trelysia felt more and more____25____. At this time of year, their father is always fully____26____in official duties. He didn’t attend last year’s dance due to a conference,___27___having made a promise. Then, she was right to be worried. On the big day,____28____, their father was sent abroad for business. “It was____29____that he failed to go there for a second year. Skylar____30____because she had her heart set on going.” Trelysia wrote in a____31____. “I felt so bad and also cried uncontrollably.”
That’s when Christian____32____! The big brother wanted his sister to feel loved and special. And he picked out a suit and gold tie, a perfect____33____for Skylar’s gold dress. “The action filled me with____34____,” the
mother wrote, “for I just know that I’m____35____a kind man—and an amazing father one day. He has____36____that he can be.” Skylar had a great time with Christian there without her dad’s____37____. Even better, now she knows her brother would always come to her____38____.
The post warmed hearts of the people it____39____and picked up more than 110,000 reactions____40____the sweet gesture.
21. A. enthusiastic B. generous C. considerate D. intelligent
22. A. left behind B. misunderstood C. set apart D. cheated
23. A. result B. event C. opportunity D. scene
24. A. concerned B. competent C. ready D. eager
25. A. anxiety B. curiosity C. satisfaction D. confusion
26. A. caught B. skilled C. occupied D. disappointed
27. A. since B. as C. without D. despite
28. A. worse still B. as usual C. sure enough D. for example
29. A. unexpected B. uncertain C. unquestioned D. unlikely
30. A. complained B. wept C. argued D. apologized
31. A. magazine B. diary C. book D. post
32. A. moved on B. stepped forward C. took off D. backed away
33. A. substitute B. match C. symbol D. demand
34. A. relief B. appreciation C. pride D. confidence
35. A. seeking B. changing C. affecting D. raising
36. A. proved B. promised C. agreed D. explained
37. A. wish B. practice C. assistance D. company
38. A. rescue B. notice C. knowledge D. defence
39. A. united B. reached C. convinced D. informed
40. A. evaluating B. instructing C. praising D. recording
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
China is a big old country,____41.____has a history of more than five thousand years. We are proud of___42.___(it) culture and part of the culture even influences the world____43.____(great), for example, the thought of Confucius(孔子). As Chinese economy develops very fast and plays____44.____important role in the
world. More and more___45.___(foreign) learn Mandarin(普通话) in Confucius institutions. The Chinese traditional culture can____46.____(test) by the time. It unites the whole nation____47.____no matter what kind of disaster comes, we will fight together for the country’s future. Today, many young people lose faith in traditional culture and they are crazy about the western culture. They follow the western fashion,____48.____(think) we are the old style. But some day, they____49.____(realize) they are wrong______50.______(ignore) traditional culture.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，句中最多有两处。

每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺处加一个漏字符合（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Editor,
I'm writing to tell you about a food poisoning accident. Several days ago, my neighbor ate a bag of food buying from the market．After the meal, they had stomachaches and our faces turned pale.Fortunate, one of their friends found the accident and immediately called a ambulance, which carried them quickly to a hospital．After several hours' treatment they finally escaped with death．As some illegal businessmen only interested in making profits to become rich quickly, they seldom care about the necessary safe measures．Nor do they care about which happens to consumers．They shall be charged by law．Meanwhile, I do hope the whole society can realize the important of food safety and begin taking action together to make sure food is safe.
Li Hua 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你和朋友决定本周日去城市郊区钓鱼。

请你写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Tom参加，内容包括：
1.发出邀请及理由；
2.准备及约定见面时间、地点等。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好。

Dear Tom,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B
12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. D 17. A 18. B 19. F 20. G
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D 32.
B 33. B 34.
C 35.
D 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C
41. which
42. its 43. greatly
44. an 45. foreigners
46. be tested
47. and 48. thinking
49. will realize
50. to ignore
51.(1).neighbor→neighbors (2).buying→bought (3).our→their (4).Fortunate→Fortunately (5).a→an (6).删除with (7).only前加are (8).safe→safety (9).which→what (10).important→importance
52.略。