现在分词作状语 文档

Unit4 grammar ----the –ing form as the adverbial 导学案Studying aims: consolidate the –ing form as the adverbial
Studying important and difficult points: 现在分词作状语的类型及现在分词作状语的注意事项
Studying method：discussion and explanation
现在分词作状语时，分词动作与主语之间常构成主谓关系，说明谓语动作发生的原因、方式、时间、条件、结果、伴随等方面的情况。

如：
In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, A the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (2009福建)
A. marking
B. marked
C. having marked
D. being marked
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____B____ all four people on board. (2009上海)
A. killed
B. killing
C. kills
D. to kill
【重点归纳】
现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。

如：
Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my study. (误)
Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my study. (正)
1. 现在分词的时态
现在分词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分；现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。

如：
___C___ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (2008福建)
A. Waiting
B. To wait
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
2. 现在分词的语态
现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)表示某被动动作正在进行；现在分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前。

如：
_____D___ many times, he finally understood it. （2009四川）
A. Told
B. Telling
C. Having told
D. Having been told
3. 现在分词的否定式
现在分词的否定形式是由not 加现在分词构成的。

如：
__C____ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (2008浙江)
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
4. v-ing形式与状语从句的转换
v-ing形式作状语在句法功能上相当于一个状语从句。

如：
Having lived in Britain for years, he acted as our guide during our stay in London.
= Since he had lived in Britain for years, he acted as our guide during our stay in London. Working hard with a strong will, you can also make a difference.
= If you work hard with a strong will, you can also make a difference.
(1)“连词+ v-ing形式”作状语
while, when, before, although, unless等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，通常要保留原连词，形成“连词+ 现在分词”结构。

如：Although we have nothing to do h ere, we can’t leave here.
= Although having nothing to do here, we can’t leave here.
(2) 若作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。

如：
The meeting being over (= When the meeting was over), we all drove home.
Time permitting (= If time permits), I will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
注意：状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，要去掉原连词。

如：
When his homework had been finished, he went home.
= When his homework having been finished, he went home. (×)
= His homework having been finished, he went home. (√)
(3)“on / upon + v-ing形式”作状语。

如：
On arriving at the party, she found all the people gone.
= When she arrived at the party, she found all the people gone.
(4)“副词+ v-ing形式”作状语。

如：
My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
【难点点拨】
1. 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别
现在分词在句中也可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语，但所不同的是现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。

也可以用现在分词的完成式，则表示动作的完成。

过去分词作状语时，它表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。

现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。

如：
_____D____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西)
A. Giving
B. Having given
C. To give
D. Given
_____A______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (2008北京)
A. Seeing
B. To see
C. See
D. Seen
2. v-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别
v-ing形式作结果状语表示意料之中的结果，而不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的情况。

比较：
The child fell, striking his head against the door.
She went home only to find her house broken into.
He hurried to the booking office only ____B_________ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西)
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
3. 悬垂分词状语
分词短语一般要与句子主语保持一致，但有一些固定的分词短语却不必与其逻辑主语保持一致。

常见的此类短语有：generally speaking一般地说；strictly speaking严格地说；frankly speaking坦率地说；judging from / by由……判断出。

如：
Generally speaking, women live longer than men.
Judging from the look of the sky, we’ll have a rain this evening.
现在分词练习题
一．单句改错
1．To be ill ,shi didn’t go to school today.
2.Seen nobody at home ,I decided to come again later .
3.Not known her telephone number ,I couldn’t ring her up
4.Turn to the right ,you will find the place you want.
二．用所给词的正确形式填空
1．It seemed that he avoinded -----(get) too close her .
2．Reading is --------,but speaking the language is also a kind of------.(learn)
3. The news that the chinese team won the gold medal was very -------(encourage)
4.It is clear that your ------english will be grately improved if you can practise -----whenever
you can .(speak)
5.I saw them----------(whisper) to each other ;obviously they do not want to be heard by others.
6 I counted the people -----(enter )the theatre, and there were 54
7 of them .
7.The man with sunglasses -----------(stand )next to the car is a detective .
8.--------(be ) ill ,he did not take part in the sports meeting.
9.--------(drive ) his car around is his main hobby.
10.-------- (know) she had got injured ,he hurried to the hospital to see her.
三．句型转换
1．A:after we cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden.
B:------ --------the rooms we began toweed the garden.
.2 A;because he was ill,he could not go to school.
B;-----------------,he could not go to school.
3.A:Working diligently,you will certainly succeed
B: ----------------- work diligently ,you will certainly succeed.
4 . A:My car was caught in a traffic jam,which caused the delay.
B:My car was caught in a traffic jam ,-------------- the delay.
5. A : we travelled by train and visited a number of cities.
B:---------------- by train ,we visited a number of cities
6. A:while you are crossing the street ,you must be careful.
B: while -----------------, you must be careful.
四．单项填空
1．Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage ---------the girl and took her away ,---------into the woods.
A:seizing ;disappeared B:seized; disappeared
C: seizing :disappearing D; seized; disappearing
2.with time--------by ,our scool become more and more beautiful.
A: to pass B:past C: passed D; Passing
3.there was a terrible noise -------------the sudden burst of light.
A:followed B:following C: to be followed D; being followed
4.----------------the earth to be flat ,many feared that columbus would fall off the edge.
A: Having believed B:Believing
C: Believed D; Being believed
5.---------------a reply ,he decided to write again.
A: Not receving B: Receving not C: Not having received D; Having not received
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