2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：2

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点
剖析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.
Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.
At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.
1.Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?
2.This passage mainly discusses（）.
3.Tea became a popular drink in Britain（）.
4.People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because（）.
5.We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of （）.
问题1选项
A.The Britons got expensive tea from India.
B.Tea reached Britain from Holland.
C.The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.
D.It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.
问题2选项
A.the history of tea drinking in Britain
B.how tea became a popular drink in Britain
C.how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea
D.how tea-time was born
问题3选项
A.in eighteenth century
B.in sixteenth century
C.in seventeenth century
D.in the late seventeenth century
问题4选项
A.it tasted like milk
B.it tasted more pleasant
C.it became a popular drink
D.people tried to copy the way Madame de Servinge drank tea 问题5选项
A.a famous French lady
B.the ancient Chinese
C.the upper social class
D.people in Holland
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.判断推理题。

根据第一段第三句“It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. 茶叶在商店里买不到，甚至那些买得起的人也是从荷兰寄过来，只是因为这是一件时髦的珍品。

”由此可知，茶叶是从荷兰进入英国的，所以选项B正确。

2.主旨大意题。

结合全文内容可知，本文前半部分讨论了英国人对茶的引进和认识，后半部分讲到了英国人对茶的喜爱，所以总的来说，这篇文章主要是讨论了英国人喝茶的历史。

选项A最能概括全文。

3.细节事实题。

根据第三段的首句“At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. 与此同时，（欧洲）大陆上的人们越来越喜欢茶。

”这里的时间即上一段提及的17世纪，所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。

根据第三段的最后两句“Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England… 因为她是如此伟大的一位女士，她的朋友们认为他们必须模仿她做的每件事，所以他们喝茶的时候也加牛奶。

慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国……”由此可知，欧洲人之所以喝加了牛奶的茶，是模仿Madame de Servinge夫人喝茶的方式，选项D符合原文。

5.判断推理题。

题干问的是“英国人喝茶的习惯主要是受什么的影响？”根据上一题可知，英国人喝茶的习惯主要是受到一位法国夫人的影响，所以选项A正确。

2.
单选题
The salesman approached the house cautiously when he saw the vicious dog at the door.
问题1选项
A.cautious
B.deliberate
C.nervous
D.malicious
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

根据句意：当推销员看到门口有一只……狗时，他小心翼翼地走近房子。

A选项cautious“谨慎的，小心的”；B选项delib erate“故意的”；C选项nervous“紧张的”；D选项malicious“恶意的，怀恨的”。

选项D符合语境。

3.
单选题
I know you’ve got a smooth tongue, so don’t talk me（）buying it.
问题1选项
A.away
B.down
C.out
D.into
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项talk away“不断的谈”；B选项talk down“说服，驳倒”；C选项 talk out“讲出来”；D选项ta lk into“说服某人做某事”。

句意：我知道你很会说话，所以不要劝我买这个。

选项D符合语境。

4.
单选题
He（）in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed. 问题1选项
A.justified
B.witnessed
C.testified
D.identified
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。

A选项justify“证明合法，证明……是正当的”；B选项witness“目击，证明，为……作证”；C选项testify“作证，证明”；D选项identify“确定，鉴定，识别”。

四个选项都可以表示“作证，证明”，但testify in court是固定用法，表示“出庭作证”，所以选项C正确。

5.
单选题
Providing first class service is one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers. 问题1选项
A.attitudes
B.methods
C.solutions
D.thoughts
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

句意：提供头等舱服务是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。

A选项attitude“态度，看法”；B选项method“方法，条理”；C选项solution“解决方案”；D选项thought“想法”。

tactic 意为“策略，战略”，选项B代入最符合语境。

6. 翻译题
Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future—not wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of what’s already there. They want to move forward to create something new.
Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak from experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they work with.
Leaders are flexible rather than dogmatic. They believe in unity rather than conformity. And they strive to achieve consensus out of conflict.
Leadership is all about getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leader make the right things happen when they’re supposed to.
A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have in order to get. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization. For the work they do, and for their abilities, aspirations and needs, will find that respect is return. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.
【答案】成功的领导者无论在情感上还是在理智上都着眼于未来，而不是执着于过去。

他们渴望创新，积极开拓。

他们不满足于现状，他们想要前进去创造新事物。

领导者不仅提供指导也提供答案，不仅给予力量而且乐于奉献，他们说话既根据经验，也根据他们对所面临的问题和一起共事的人的理解。

领导者处事灵活而不武断。

他们相信的是团结而不是随波逐流。

他们力图在冲突中达成共识。

领导力在于让人们始终尽显其能，帮助他们最大限度地发挥自己的潜力，并激励他们朝着共同的目标而努力。

领导者在必要的时候能做出正确的决断。

一个好的领导者，一个卓有成效的领导者，是一个尊重他人的人。

要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。

一个尊重组织上各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望和需求的领导者也会得到他人的尊重。

所有这些都会激励大家共同努力。

7.
单选题
The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the（）in which they develop: for example, leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.
问题1选项
A.relationship
B.environment
C.sequence
D.arrangement
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项relationship“关系，关联”；B选项environment“环境，外界”；C选项sequence“序列，顺序，续发事件”；D选项arrangement“布置，安排”。

句意：叶片的形态和生理机能因其生长环境的不同而不同：例如，叶片对不同程度的光照和湿度表现出广泛的适应性。

选项B符合语境。

8.
单选题
They arrived at some political agreements that facilitated troop withdrawals.
问题1选项
A.established
B.maximized
C.guaranteed
D.promoted
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。

根据句意：他们达成了一些政治上的协议，这……撤军。

facilitate意为“促进，帮助，使容易”。

A选项establish“创立，建立”；B选项maximize“最大化”；C选项guarante e“保证，担保”；D选项promote“促进，提升”。

选项D与之意思最为相近，符合语境。

9. 单选题
In the film we saw last night, the hero（）his wife to death with his sword.
问题1选项
A.throat
B.thrust
C.trust
D.thread
【答案】B
【解析】考查形近异义动词辨析。

A选项throat“用嗓音说”；B选项thrust“插入，猛刺”；C选项trust“信任”；D选项thre ad“通过，穿线于”。

句意：在我们昨晚看的电影中，英雄用剑刺死了他的妻子。

选项B符合语境。

10.
单选题
The co-operative spirit that is present in such pack-hunters as wolves is largely absent from the world of the primate. Competitiveness and dominance is the order of this day. Competition in the social hierarchy is, of course, present in both groups, but it is less tempered by co-operative action in the case of monkeys and apes. Complicated, coordinated maneuvers are also unnecessary: sequences of feeding action do not need to be strung together in such a complex way. The primate can live much more from minute to minute, from hand to mouth.
Because the primate's food supply is all around it for the taking, there is little need to cover great distances. Groups of wild gorillas, the largest of the living primates, have been carefully studied and their movements traced, so that we now know that they travel on average about a third of a mile a day. Sometimes they move only a few hundred feet. Carnivores, by contrast, must frequently travel many miles on a single hunting trip. In some instances they have been known to travel over fifty miles on a hunting journey, taking several days before returning to their home base. This act of returning to a fixed home base is typical of the carnivores, but is far less common amongst the monkeys and apes. True, a group of primates will live in a reasonably clearly defined home range, but at night it will probably bed down wherever it happens to have ended up in its day's meanderings. It will get to know the general region in which it lives because it is always wandering back and forth across it, but is will tend to use the whole area in a much more haphazard way. Also, the interaction between one
troop and the next will be less defensive and less aggressive than is the case with carnivores.
A territory is, by definition, a defended area, and primates are not therefore, typically, territorial animals.
A small point, but one that is relevant here, is that carnivores have fleas but primates do not. Monkeys and apes are plagued by lice and certain other external parasites, but, contrary to popular opinion, they are completely flea less, for on every good reason. To understand this, it is necessary to examine the life-cycle of the flea. This insect lays its eggs, not on the body of its host, but amongst the detritus of its victims sleeping quarters. The eggs take three days to hatch into small, crawling maggots. These larvae do not feed on blood, but on the waste matter that has accumulated in the dirt of the den or lair. After two weeks they spin a cocoon and pupate. They remain in this dormant condition for approximately two weeks before emerging as adults, ready to hop on to a suitable host body. So for at least the first month of its life a flea is cut off from its host species. It is clear from this why a nomadic mammal, such as a monkey or ape, is not troubled by fleas. Even if a few stray fleas do happen to hop on to one and mate successfully, their eggs will be left behind as the primate group moves on, and when the pupae hatch there will be no host ‘at home' to continue the relationship.
The writer says of the social life of monkeys and apes that they（）.
1.According to the writer, gorillas（）.
2.The writer says that primates show little hostility（）.
3.Monkeys and apes are not troubled by fleas because（）.
4.It can be inferred from the passage that the co-operative spirit present in such pack-hunters as
5.wolves is largely absent from the world of the primates because（）.
问题1选项
A.are not allowed by their social code to dominate other individuals before they have competed with each other
pete during the day, but turn to a co-operative pattern when darkness falls
C.have to be on constant watch against other species that might drive them away
D.live in a very competitive society
问题2选项
A.prefer to stay near their home
B.move from place to place within a limited area
C.are followed when they travel by other animals
D.move around looking for food according to a fairly regular pattern
问题3选项
A.towards soldiers and other human beings
B.except towards animals such as lions, leopards, tigers or wildcats
C.unless their own particular area is invaded
D.towards other groups of the same species of monkey or ape
问题4选项
A.the fleas, when fully developed, are not normally where the primates are
B.they do not mind the fleas
C.the harmful type of flea rarely gets onto them
D.the fleas relationship with them is important biologically
问题5选项
A.wolves are more defensive and aggressive than primates
B.primates are more friendly than wolves
C.it is not so difficult for primates to obtain food as for wolves
D.primates are not territorial animals
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:C
【解析】1.判断推理题。

根据第二段第一句“Competition in the social hierarchy is, of co urse, present in both groups, but it is less tempered by co-operative action in the case of monkeys and apes. 当然，社会等级的竞争在两个群体中都存在，但在猴子和猿这两个群体当中，这种竞争较少因合作行为而缓和。

”而且，在上一段的最后一句中也提及“Competitiveness and dominance is the order of this day. 竞争和统治才是现如今的规则”。

由此可以推断出，它们都生活在一个竞争激烈的社会。

所以选项D正确。

2.判断推理题。

根据关键词“gorillas”定位到第三段。

第三段首句提及“因为灵长类动物的食物来源在它们周围，所以它们几乎不需要走很远的路。

”野生大猩猩是现存灵长类中最大的一种，而且下文还提及，灵长类动物会生活在一个相当明确的家庭范围内。

由此可推断，大猩猩它们会在有限的区域内从一个地方移动到另一个地方，所以选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。

根据第三段的倒数第二句“the interaction between one troop and the next will be less defensive and less aggressive than is the case with carnivores. 与食肉动物相比，一个群体和另一个群体之间的互动会降低防御性和攻击性。

”也就说，灵长类动物对其他群体中的同类，如猴子或猿类，不会表现出很大的敌意，所以选项D符合原文。

4.判断推理题。

原文最后一段提及，灵长类动物身上没有跳蚤是和跳蚤的生命周期相关。

这种昆虫并不在寄主的身体上产卵，而是在寄主睡觉的地方的碎屑中产卵。

至少在跳蚤生命的第一个月里，它是与宿主隔绝的。

后面又以猴子进行了举例，即使有几只游离的跳蚤碰巧跳到其中一只猴子身上并成功交配，它们的卵也会留在这个灵长类动物群体的身后，当蛹孵化时，没有宿主在“家里”能够继续这种关系了。

也就是说，当跳蚤发育完全后，通常已经不在灵长类动物所在的位置了，所以选项A符合原文。

5.判断推理题。

根据原文第二段的内容“社会等级的竞争在两个群体中都存在，但在猴子和猿这两个群体当中，这种竞争较少因合作行为而缓和。

复杂的、协调的动作也是不必要的：喂食动作的顺序不需要以如此复杂的方式串在一起。

这种灵长类动物可以现挣现吃，满足目前对食物的需要。

”由此可知，灵长类动物获得食物并不像狼那么困难，所以像狼这样的群体捕猎者身上所表现出的合作精神在灵长类世界中是很少见的。

选项C正确。

11.
单选题
The（）between the two playing periods of a football game is only a few minutes.
问题1选项
A.internal
B.reserve
C.interval
D.radium 【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项internal“内部”；B选项rese rve“预备，储存”；C选项interval“间隔，间距”；D选项radium“镭”。

句意：足球比赛两场比赛之间的间隔只有几分钟。

选项C符合语境。

12.
单选题
After a concert tour in Asia, England and Canada, he will（）work on a five-language opera. 问题1选项
A.confine
B.indulge
C.resume
D.undergo
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项confi ne“限制”；B选项indulge“沉溺，满足，放任”；C选项resume“重新开始，继续”；D选项undergo“经历，经受”。

句意：在结束了亚洲、英国和加拿大的巡演后，他将重新开始从事于五种语言的歌剧。

选项C符合语境。

13.
单选题
The filling station（）because there were too many others on the street.
问题1选项
A.went under
B.went through
C.fell out
D.fell through
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项go under“破产，屈服”；B选项go through“参加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fell out“争吵”；D选项fell through“未能实现”。

句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。

选项A符合语境。

14.
单选题
Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a famous clown with a strong （）.
问题1选项
A.philosophy
B.manner
C.personality
D.idealism
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定用法。

to blame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。

句意“如果你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。

”选项B符合语境。

15.
单选题
People of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business or education. 问题1选项A.different
B.distinctive
C.divorced
D.separate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

句意：……背景的人们现在飞到遥远的地方去度假、经商或接受教育。

A选项different“不同的”；B选项distinctive“独特的，与众不同的”；C选项divorced“分离的”；D选项separate“分开的，单独的”。

这里应该指的是背景不同，diverse意为“不同的”，选项A与之意思相近。