初三科学探究英语阅读理解25题

初三科学探究英语阅读理解25题
**Reading Passage**
The phenomenon of refraction is very interesting in physics. When light travels from one medium to another, for example, from air to water, it changes its direction. This is because the speed of light is different in different media. In air, light travels very fast, but in water, it slows down. This change in speed causes the light to bend. You can see this easily when you put a straw in a glass of water. The part of the straw under the water seems to be in a different position compared to the part above the water. Another example is a rainbow. Rainbows are formed when sunlight is refracted, reflected, and dispersed in water droplets in the air. Each color of the rainbow has a different wavelength, and they are refracted at slightly different angles, which is why we can see all the colors separately.
1. What causes light to refract?
A. The different colors of light
B. The change in the medium
C. The shape of the object
D. The amount of water
Answer: B. 解析：文章提到当光从一种介质传播到另一种介质时会发生折射，是介质的改变导致光折射，所以选B。

2. According to the passage, where can we easily observe the refraction of light?
A. When looking at the sun
B. When putting a straw in water
C. When seeing a cloud
D. When touching a mirror
Answer: B. 解析：文章明确指出当把吸管放入水中时能很容易看到光的折射现象，所以选B。

3. Which of the following is an example of refraction mentioned in the passage?
A. A star in the sky
B. A rainbow
C. A thunderstorm
D. A snowflake
Answer: B. 解析：文章提到彩虹是光折射、反射和色散的例子，所以选B。

4. What happens to the speed of light when it travels from air to water?
A. It becomes faster
B. It stays the same
C. It disappears
D. It slows down
Answer: D. 解析：文中说光在空气中传播速度快，在水中会变慢，所以选D。

5. How are the different colors of a rainbow formed?
A. By different amounts of light
B. By different shapes of water droplets
C. By being refracted at different angles
D. By different types of clouds
Answer: C. 解析：文章指出彩虹的不同颜色是因为它们被折射的角度略有不同，所以选C。

6. In the passage, which medium does light travel faster in?
A. Water
B. Air
C. Glass
D. Plastic
Answer: B. 解析：文章提到光在空气中传播速度很快，在水中会变慢，所以光在空气中传播更快，选B。

7. What is the main factor related to the refraction of light?
A. The time of day
B. The temperature
C. The difference in media
D. The height above sea level
Answer: C. 解析：文章重点强调光在不同介质中速度不同从而导致折射，所以选C。

8. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Light always travels in a straight line
B. Refraction only happens in water
C. The straw in water looks the same as outside the water
D. Different colors of light have different wavelengths
Answer: D. 解析：文章提到彩虹中不同颜色有不同波长，所以选D，A选项光在折射时不总是直线传播，B选项折射不仅发生在水中，C选项吸管在水中和在水外看起来不同。

9. What causes the straw in water to seem in a different position?
A. Reflection
B. Dispersion
C. Refraction
D. Absorption
Answer: C. 解析：是折射现象导致吸管在水中看起来位置不同，所以选C。

10. According to the passage, what is related to the formation of a rainbow?
A. Only refraction
B. Refraction, reflection and dispersion
C. Only reflection
D. Only dispersion
Answer: B. 解析：文章明确说彩虹是由光的折射、反射和色散共同作用形成的，所以选B。

11. In a biology experiment, the plants in group A grew much taller
than those in group B. The only difference between the two groups was that group A received more sunlight. What can you infer from this?
A. Sunlight has no effect on plant growth
B. Plants grow better in the dark
C. Adequate sunlight is important for plant growth
D. Water is more important than sunlight for plants
答案：C。

解析：文章提到A组植物比B组植物长得高，唯一区别是A组接受更多阳光，所以可推断出充足阳光对植物生长很重要。

12. Scientists were conducting an experiment on the effect of temperature on the hatching of eggs. They found that at a temperature of 30 degrees Celsius, most of the eggs hatched successfully, while at 20 degrees Celsius, only a few eggs hatched. What might be the next step in their research?
A. Stop the experiment immediately
B. Try the experiment at an even lower temperature
C. Repeat the experiment at 30 degrees Celsius to confirm the result
D. Increase the temperature to 40 degrees Celsius to see the effect
答案：D。

解析：因为前面实验得出30摄氏度时孵化情况较好，20摄氏度时较差，接下来可能会提高温度到40摄氏度来看效果。

13. A chemical experiment showed that when substance X was added to substance Y, a new substance Z was formed and a lot of heat was released. What can be inferred about the reaction between X and Y?
A. It is a very slow reaction
B. It is an endothermic reaction
C. It is an exothermic reaction
D. It is a reaction that does not need any energy
答案：C。

解析：因为反应中产生新物质并且释放大量热量，所以这是一个放热反应。

14. In a scientific exploration, researchers found that a certain type of bacteria could survive in a very acidic environment. What can be predicted about this bacteria?
A. It cannot survive in other environments
B. It has special mechanisms to adapt to acidity
C. It will die soon in the acidic environment
D. It is a very common bacteria
答案：B。

解析：能在非常酸性环境中生存，可推断出它有特殊机制来适应酸性环境。

15. An experiment was carried out to study the movement of ants. It was observed that the ants always followed a straight line when they were looking for food. What could be the reason?
A. They like walking in a straight line
B. They are following a smell or some kind of signal
C. They are just randomly walking
D. They are following the wind direction
答案：B。

解析：蚂蚁找食物时总走直线，可能是在跟随气味或某种信号。

16. Scientists were testing the influence of music on the growth of plants. They played different types of music to different groups of plants. After a while, they found that the plants exposed to classical music grew better. What can be inferred from this?
A. Plants like all types of music
B. Classical music has a positive effect on plant growth
C. Music has no real effect on plants
D. Only loud music can affect plants
答案：B。

解析：因为听古典音乐的植物长得更好，所以可推断古典音乐对植物生长有积极影响。

17. In a genetic experiment, some fruit flies with a certain gene mutation had a different eye color. If the researchers want to find out if this gene mutation also affects the flies' flying ability, what should they do?
A. Just observe the eye color of the flies
B. Ignore the gene mutation
C. Test the flying ability of the flies with and without the gene mutation
D. Change the eye color of the flies
答案：C。

解析：要知道基因变异是否影响飞行能力，就应该测试有和没有基因变异的果蝇的飞行能力。

18. A group of students were doing an experiment on the solubility of salt in water. They found that when they heated the water, more salt could be dissolved. What can be predicted if they cool the water?
A. More salt will be dissolved
B. The same amount of salt will be dissolved
C. Less salt will be dissolved
D. The salt will turn into a gas
答案：C。

解析：加热水时能溶解更多盐，那么冷却时溶解的盐会变少。

19. In a scientific study on the behavior of animals in winter, it was noticed that some small animals stored a large amount of food in their nests. What can be inferred about these animals?
A. They are very greedy
B. They are preparing for the winter when food may be scarce
C. They don't know how to find food in winter
D. They are just
**Reading Passage for Questions 21 - 25**
The theory of plate tectonics is one of the most significant scientific concepts in the field of geology. It explains how the Earth's lithosphere, which is made up of a series of large and small plates, moves and interacts over time. These plates are constantly in motion, albeit very slowly. They can move apart, collide, or slide past one another. When plates move apart,
magma rises from the mantle to create new oceanic crust, as seen in the mid - ocean ridges. Plate collisions can result in the formation of mountains, like the Himalayas, which were formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. The movement of these plates also causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Scientists have been able to study and confirm this theory through various means, such as analyzing the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes around the world, as well as studying the magnetic patterns in the ocean floor.
21. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. To introduce the formation of the Himalayas
B. To explain the concept of plate tectonics
C. To discuss the causes of volcanic eruptions
D. To analyze the magnetic patterns in the ocean floor
Answer: B. 解析：文章主要围绕板块构造理论展开，阐述了板块的构成、运动方式以及这些运动带来的结果，如山脉形成、地震和火山爆发等，所以主旨是解释板块构造的概念。

22. Which option best sums up the central thought of the passage?
A. The study methods of plate tectonics
B. The different types of plate movements
C. The overall theory of plate tectonics
D. The effects of plate collisions on mountains
Answer: C. 解析：文章整体是在讲述板块构造的理论，包括板块
的构成、运动以及相关影响，A选项只提到研究方法，B选项只是理论中的一部分，D选项也只是板块运动影响的一个方面，C选项最能概括中心思想。

23. The passage mainly focuses on _.
A. how magma creates new oceanic crust
B. the significance of the theory of plate tectonics
C. the relationship between earthquakes and volcanoes
D. the movement of the Indian and Eurasian plates
Answer: B. 解析：文章开篇提到板块构造理论是地质学中最重要的概念之一，后面阐述了这个理论的内容，重点在于强调这个理论的重要性，A、C、D选项都是理论中的具体内容，并非主旨。

24. What is the core idea presented in this passage?
A. The slow movement of Earth's lithosphere plates
B. Plate tectonics theory and its related phenomena
C. The formation of mountains through plate collisions
D. The study of earthquakes and volcanoes
Answer: B. 解析：文章介绍了板块构造理论以及板块运动带来的诸如山脉形成、地震和火山爆发等相关现象，A选项只是板块运动的一个特点，C选项是板块运动产生的一种结果，D选项是研究板块构造理论的一个方面，B选项最能体现核心思想。

25. Which of the following best represents the main theme of the passage?
A. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
B. Plate tectonics: an overview
C. The creation of oceanic crust
D. The collision of plates
Answer: B. 解析：文章整体是对板块构造理论的一个概述，包括板块的构成、运动及其产生的多种结果，A、C、D选项都只是板块构造理论中的部分内容，B选项能很好地代表文章的主题。