专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷184(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷184(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.7. (3) Medical infertility is part of the problem, not just in rich countries, where couples put off having children until it is rather late, but also in poor countries, where health care is worse. By one global estimate, at least 48m couples have been trying for a child for the past five years but have not succeeded, up from 42m in 1990. But the main reason for the shortfall, according to our poll, is money. From Brooklyn to Beijing, the cost of housing and education is so high that many young people say they cannot afford as many children as they want. (4) Malthusians (马尔萨斯人口控制论者) will rejoice. The population is growing fast enough already, they will argue. Besides, can’t infertile couples just adopt children? In fact, population growth today largely reflects longer lives and will eventually go into reverse. It is not clear that there are too many people; and it is callous to ask couples who might want children to forgo that joy simply because some of their neighbours would prefer a less populous planet. And adoption, though admirable, is neither the sole responsibility of the childless nor a perfect substitute for procreation. (5) The pain of having no or fewer children than you desire is often extreme. It can cause depression and in poor countries can be a social catastrophe. Couples impoverish themselves pursuing ineffective treatments; wornen who are thought to be barren are divorced, ostracised or worse. Last month a childless Kenyan tailor was charged with attempted murder, having allegedly attacked his wife with a machete. (6) In wealthy countries, where maternity wards are quiet partly because the young are so economically insecure, governments can help by doing things they should be doing anyway: liberalising labour markets that shut the young out of jobs, relaxing planning rules to make housing cheaper and promoting child-friendly policies in the workplace. Across the world, education is important, both to warn women about how fertility declines with age and, especially in Africa, about preventable infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea. (7) Most important, however, is medical innovation. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) (试管婴儿) has become better over the years but is still horribly expensive. Some couples remortgage their homes in the hope of conceiving. Research into more frugal technology is staggeringly rare, given the demand for it. Would lower, cheaper doses of ivf drugs work as well for some people? No one knows. Will a shoe-box-sized IVF laboratory developed in America work reliably? Trials are only now under way. (8) More money for research would help, as it generally does. But perhaps not as much as more attention. Governments and aid agencies have turned family planning into a wholly one-sided campaign, dedicated to minimising teenage pregnancies and unwanted births; it has come to mean family restriction. Instead, family planning ought to mean helping people to have as many, or as few, children as they want.
8．Global birth rate shrinking indicates all the following facts EXCEPT______.
A．women have gained more self-control
B．people have faith in their children’s survival
C．there will be less dependant-burden per worker
D．big families only exist in sub-Saharan Africa
正确答案：D
解析：细节题。

原文第一段介绍了出生率下降的各种表现，[A]、[B]和[C]均在文中提及，属于出生率下降，人口数量减少这一事实能够表明的问题，只有[D]是对文中关于撒哈拉地区内容的曲解。

本题是反选题，故排除[A]、[B]和[C]，选择[D]。

知识模块：阅读
9．What’s the main reason for the worldwide shortfall of birth rate?
A．The medical infertility.
B．The economic insecurity.
C．The housing problem.
D．The governmental policy.
正确答案：B
解析：细节题。

原文第三段第三句表明全球婴儿出生率降低最主要的原因是经济压力，故[B]为答案。

[A]在第三段提及，但只是部分原因而不是主要原因，因此排除；[C]是经济压力的具体表现之一，故排除；[D]在文中未提及，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
10．Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?
A．Family Planning as Wanted.
B．Cutting the Birth Rate.
C．Teenage Pregnancies.
D．Medical Innovation.
正确答案：A
解析：主旨题。

纵览全文，文章围绕family planning展开，最后一段更是明确指出family planning应该是让各个家庭都能够没有后顾之忧地养育下一代，故[A]为答案。

[B]、[C]和[D]分别是在第一段、第八段和第七段提及的具体内容，故排除。

知识模块：阅读
SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided.
PASSAGE ONEWhy did the girl play basketball over and over again?
11．What can be inferred from the last three sentences of Para. 3?
正确答案：Old Berl and his wife could achieve self-sufficiency．
解析：原文第三段最后三句提到老贝尔夫妇养牛羊，卖鸡蛋，完全可以负担自己的生活所需，所以从不花儿子寄来的钱。

故答案为“Old Berl and his wife could achieve self-sufficiency．”。

知识模块：阅读
12．What does the author mean by saying “But what difference do names make?” in Para. 7?
正确答案：Berl and Berlcha don’t think names matter very much．
解析：原文最后一段提到，Berl和Berlcha记不住他们远在美国的孙子们的名字，况且美国又那么远，记住名字并不是很重要。

make difference意为“有区别；关系重大”。

故答案为“Berl and Berlcha don’t think names matter very much．”。

知识模块：阅读
PASSAGE TWO
13．Why is it difficult for the low-income families to cook healthy meals?
正确答案：Due to time constraints and other commitments．
解析：原文第五段最后三句提到，奔波于多份工作和加长的通勤时间，使得低收人家庭无暇烹饪健康饮食。

故答案为“Due to time constraints and other commitments．”。

知识模块：阅读
PASSAGE THREE
14．What are the consequences of having no or fewer children than one desires according to the author?
正确答案：Depression and social catastrophe.
解析：原文第五段第一、二句提到：“The pain of having no or fewer children than you desire is often extreme．It can cause depression and in poor countries can be a social catastrophe．”，由此可推知，无法生育或不能生育足够数量的子女会导致抑郁，甚至在贫困国家可能导致社会性灾难。

故答案为“Depression and social catastrophe．”。

知识模块：阅读
15．What does the author think is the right kind of family planning?
正确答案：Help people get the number of children they want．
解析：原文最后一段中作者认为由于职能部门错误的引导，family planning 变成了family restriction，而其真正应该发挥的作用是帮助人们生育想要的孩子的数量。

故答案为“Help people get the number of children they want．”。

知识模块：阅读。