考点10 被动语态2020年中考英语考点必杀精品(原卷版)

考点10被动语态
一、教材重点回顾：
1、被动语态的含义
英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即:主动语态和被动语态。

所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”“由”的句式，其主语是动作的承受者。

如:“他的自行车被偷了。

”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。

”
2、被动语态的结构
那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分):
This is called“the greenhouse effect.”
They are called renewable sources.
通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是:
3、被动语态的运用：下面几种情况一般要用被动语态
(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。

例如:Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材生产出来的。

He was wounded in the fight.他在战斗在受伤了。

Electricity is used to run machines.电是用来开动机器的。

(2)不需要强调动作的对象时。

例如:
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam.计算器不能用于数学考试。

Books in the reading room mustn't be taken away.阅览室的书籍不准带走。

(3)句子的主语是物。

Spanish is spoken as the official language there.在那里西班牙语被当作官方语言来说。

4、各种时态的被动语态：最主要是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化:
1）、一般现在时的被动语态。

am/is/are+动词的过去分词
One is known as the one-child policy.其中一项被称为独生子女政策
Sea waves are used for producing electricity.海浪用来发电。

2）、一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词
Big family were crowded into small houses.大家庭被挤一间小房子里。

Electric vehicles were developed in the1990s.电动汽车是20世纪90年代被发展了。

3）、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词
A new factory is being built in our city now.现在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。

Some trees are being cut down in the park.一些公园里的树木正在被砍伐。

4）、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.那时候在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。

Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.去年，一些宝宝正在被陈小姐照看着。

5）、一般将来时的被动语态:
(A)will/shall+be+动词的过去分词
(B)am/is/are+going to be+动词的过去分词.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.今年我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。

Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.你的手表将在一小时内（被）修好。

6）、过去将来时的被动语态:
(1).would/should+be+动词的过去分词
(2).was/wee+going to be+动词的过去分词.
She said that some new factories would be built in our city.
她说在我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。

He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
他认为你的手表将在一个小时内被修好。

7）、现在完成时的被动语态have/has+been+动词的过去分词
Their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable.
它们的材料已经被更换了，为了它摸起来更舒服。

8）、过去完成时的被动语态had+been+动词的过去分词
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.他说在市里一些新工厂已经被兴建了。

9）、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must+be+done
A lot of water can be saved by forests.大量的水可以被森林储存下来。

主动语态变被动语态：
1.“什么事物”作为句子的主语，来表示是“被完成”的。

例1.
主动语态:人们说英语。

People speak English in many countries.
被动语态:英语被说。

English is spoken in many countries.
例2.
主动语态:我们造这座桥。

We built this bridge last year.
被动语态:这座桥被建造。

This bridge was built last year.
2
例1.
主动语态:小王邀请你(宾语)Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被动语态:你(宾语)被邀请。

You has been invited to a lunch party by XiaoWang.
例2.
主动语态:你不准带走杂志(宾语)
You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
被动语态:杂志(宾语)不准被带走
These magazines must not be taken out of the reading-room.
例3.(可接双宾语的动词如：give,send,show,buy等变被动语态可有二种变化形式）。

主动语态:他们授给他(宾语)枚奖章(宾语).
They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态:他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.
He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被动语态:一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.
A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.
二、中考考点梳理
1、被动语态的结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持致其具体变化为:一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时:was/were+p.p.
一般将来时:shall/will be+p.p.
现在完成时:have/has been+p.p.
过去完成时:had been+p.p.
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去进行时:was/were+being+p.p.
过去将来时:should/would be+p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.
2、初中教材中常用被动语态的表达有：
1.be covered with被覆盖
2.be made of由制作(发生物理变化)
be made from由制作(发生化学变化)
be made in由(某地)制造
be made by被(某人)制造
3.be used for被用来
be used as被当作(作为)来使用
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
4.It is said that...据说
It is hoped that...希望
It is well known that...众所周知
It’s reported that…据报道……
It’s not decided that…尚未决定
It’s believed that…据认为……
It’s announced that…据宣布……
3.主动语态表被动的情况
(1)open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,watch,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，
可用主动语态表被动意义。

如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。

(2)look,sound,taste,smell,fell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。

如:
Light music sounds soft.轻音乐听起来很柔和。

(3)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。

如:
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

(4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done。

to be done为不定式的被动结构。

My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要被修理。

4.被动语态的几种特殊形式
1).一感(fee1)二听(1isten,hear)三让(make,1et,have)四看(look,see,watch,notice)
以上动词做谓语动词时，在主动语态中与省略to的不定时连用，而在被动语态中要与带to的不定时
连用，即
I often see him help the old.我经常看到他帮助老人。

He is often seen to help the old by me.他经常被我看到帮助老人。

2).双宾语变被动语态时，直接或间接宾语均可转化为主语，但直接宾语变主语时，间接宾语前常加上
介词or或to。

Jack bought a gift for me.杰克为我买了一份礼物。

A gift was bought for by Jack.或I was bought a gift by Jack.
3).一些动词短语用于被动语态时，要是为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We must finish the work carefully.我们必须认真完成这项工作。

The work must be finished carefully by us.这项工作必须由我们认真完成。

4).带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只变宾语为被动句主语，宾语补足语不变。

I asked her to go with me.我叫她跟我一起去。

She was asked to go with me.她被我叫着一起去。

5.不能用被动语态的情况
1).谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语时，不用被动语态。

如:happen,take place,take off等。

2).有些及物动词或短语也无被动语态。

如:cost,leave,enter,reach,have,wish,belong to,mind等。

3).宾语为反身代词、相互代词、不定式、现在分词等时，不能变为被动语态。

4).系动词无被动语态。

如:be,become,feel,get,look,seem,smell,sound,taste,turn等。

一、典例分类
1.（2019重庆A卷）His car______five years ago,but it looks quite new.
A.buys
B.bought
C.is bought
D.was bought
2.（2019四川自贡）----Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him?
---No problem!I think he to think twice before starting.
A.should be told
B.shouldn’t be told
C.should tell
3.（2019山东临沂）Around the world,300million tons of plastic_______each year,of which about10percent ends up in the sea.
A.is created
B.was created
C.creates
4.（2019四川达州）---Where will the2022Winter Olympics______,Cindy?
---In Beijing,the capital of China,the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics.
A.be taken place
B.take place
C.take part
D.be taken part
5.（2019四川达州）---Dr.Bethune helped a lot of Chinese in the1930s,he is a great international soldier.
----I know,so he_____still_____in both China and Canada now.
A.has;remembered
B.is;remembered
C.will;remember
D.is;remembering
6.（2019江西）Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she____about the importance of good living habits once more.
A.told
B.is told
C.was told
D.has told
7.（2019重庆B卷）These machines_____in their factory by themselves last year.
A.make
B.made
C.are made
D.were made
8.（2019江苏连云港）It's reported the medals for the2020Olympic Games in Tokyo__________from100%
recycled material.
A.are making
B.have made
C.is made
D.will be made
9.（2019安徽）The villagers expect that the building of the bridge____before the rainy season comes.
A.is completed
B.was completed
C.will be completed
D.has been completed
10.（2019四川南充）---Lucy,what have you learnt from this history class?
---Paper__________fast__________about2,000years ago in China.
A.is;invented
B.was;invented
C.is;inventing
D.was;inventing
11.（2019天津）The Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge in2018.We are proud of it.
A.is completed
B.is completing
C.was completed
pletes
12.（2019江苏南京）The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in
disasters around the world since it18years ago.
A.set up
B.is set up
C.was set up
D.will be set up
二、易混易错点拨
1.（2019江苏扬州）The2021International Horticultural Expo_____in Yangzhou.
A.holds
B.will hold
C.is held
D.will be held
2.（2019四川成都）Unluckily,Notre Dame de Pairs（巴黎圣母院）______this April.We felt so sad for that.
A.was burnt
B.is burnt
C.has been burnt
3.（2019江苏盐城）In Chinese culture,children born in the Year of the Monkey______to be smart.
A.say
B.said
C.will be said
D.are said
4.（2019甘肃敦煌）.A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and_____with a special Party.
A.celebrates
B.is celebrated
C.was celebrated
D.will celebrate
5.（2019广东）It is said that one Greater Bay Area university____in Guangdong in the future.
A.will be built
B.build
C.will build
D.is built
6.（2019湖北襄阳)----I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning.
----You know they_by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A.clean
B.are cleaned
C.are cleaning
D.will clean
7.（2019湖北孝感）----I'm tired of cleaning the house.
---Sweeping robots—more and more widely______today.Why not buy one?
A.are used
B.were used
C.are using
ed
8.（2019湖北黄冈）----Oh,your room is too dirty,Mike!
----Sorry,Mum.It______yesterday.I forgot to do it.
A.didn’t clean
B.isn’t cleaned
C.was cleaned
D.wasn’t cleaned
9.（2019湖南益阳）A lot of trees________every spring in Yiyang city.
A.plant
B.is planted
C.are planted
10.（2019河北）These cakes_______with chocolate.Have one,please.
A.fill
B.filled
C.are filled
D.were filled
1.（2019湖南长沙）----Perfect photos!Good skills!
----Thank you.They______by my Huawei mobile phone.In fact,I am not skillful at all.
A．took B．were taken C．will be taken
2.（2019湖北咸宁）----The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat!
----What a shame!He according to the newly credit system(诚信体系).
A.punish
B.punished
C.will punish
D.will be punished
3.（2019四川眉山）Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun.
A.is;inventing
B.is;invented
C.has;invented
D.was;invented
4.（2019福建）As one of the most exciting sports,volleyball______in the Olympic Games in1954.
A.included
B.is included
C.was included
5.（2019北京）My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.
A.accepts
B.accepted
C.was accepted
D.is accepted
6.（湖北黄石）In February,Chinese tech company Huawei____Mate X，afoldable（可折叠的）5G mobile phone.
A.is introducing
B.introduced
C.introduces
D.was introduced
7.（2019湖北宜昌）---It’s reported that31of the brave young men_____in a big fire in Sichuan.
---I don’t know who they are,but I know who they are for.
A.were killing
B.were killed
C.killed
D.had killed
8.（2019湖南株洲）The students in this school______to choose their own school uniforms.
A.are allowed
B.allowed
C.are allowing
9.（2019湖南邵阳）---Waiter!I’d like some Shaoyang rice noodles.
----Sorry,sir.Rice noodles______only in the morning.
A.serve
B.will serve
C.are served
10.（2019湖南湘西）---Who’s the little boy in the photo?
---It’s me.The photo_____when I was six years old.
A.takes
B.took
C.was taken
11.（2019河南）----Where is your book report?Did your dog eat it again?
----No,it____almost____，and then my computer just died on me!
A.不填；finishes
B.不填；finished
C.is;finished
D.was;finished
12.（2019吉林）The environment in my hometown is improving because many trees every year.
A.plant
B.planted
C.are planted。