光伏电站故障解列装置动作原因分析

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文章编号:2095-6835(2015)03-0126-02
光伏电站故障解列装置动作原因分析
盛发武
(中电投新疆能源化工集团哈密有限公司,新疆 哈密地区 839000)
摘 要:不同原理、不同机型的微机线路和主设备保护各具特色,为电力系统提供了一批新一代性能优良、功能齐全、工作可靠的继电保护装置。

结合本单位光伏电站运行的实际情况,简单阐述了继电保护保护动作后的检查和分析,对如何更好地满足电力系统要求、如何进一步提高继电保护的可靠性、如何取得更大的经济效益和社会效益进行了具体、深入的研究。

关键词:继电保护;低电压解列;保护动作;电压互感器
中图分类号:TM863 文献标识码:A DOI :10.15913/ki.kjycx.2015.03.126
1 事件发生过程
2014-08-26事故发生前,光伏电站送出有功功率为16.33 MW ,无功功率为-1.01 Mvar ,母线电压Uab 为36.71 kV ,Ubc 为36.62 kV ,Uca 为34.68 kV ;光伏电站35 kV 3560、3H05、3H06、3H07、35V1、35V2开关均处于运行状态。

2014-08-26T16:00,值班人员发现母线电压不平衡,Uab 为36.71 kV ,Ubc 为36.62 kV ,Uca 为34.68 kV ,判断35 kVII 段电压互感器一项保险熔断,向调度申请将35 kVII 段352Y 电压互感器小车断路器由运行状态转为检修状态,更换电压互感器保险,调度同意并执行。

操作人员把35 kVII 段电压互感器352Y 小车由运行状态转为检修状态时,35 kVII 段出线3560断路器跳闸。

事故解列装置报告为:I 段低压解列动作,动作值Uab =0.89 V (保护定值65 V ),检查352Y 电压互感器A ,B ,C 三相保险,确认C 相保险熔断,并更换C 相保险。

投运3560断路器后,全站设备运行正常。

2 事故原因分析
事故发生后,组织专业技术人员对事故进行了认真分析,检查过程发生事故解列装置电压回路接线中,母线电压取自35 kV 母线电压互感器,零序取自零序互感器,线路电压取自出线3560开关柜内的电压互感器,因零序电压闭锁,只要母线电压和线路电压同时低于设定值时,低电压解列动作,3560断路器跳闸。

35 kV 送出线路3560断路器跳闸回路原理如图1所示。

在事故解列装置中,低电压解列并联在母差保护跳闸出口上,就是说母差和解列任意一个动作都会使3560断路器跳闸。

图1 35 kV 送出线路3560断路器跳闸回路原理图
通过近一步检查发现的问题与相应的处理措施为:①电站
电压频率解列装置采集到的线路电压UL 为60.63 V ,正常应为100 V ,显示不正常,具体如图2所示。

经过检查发现3560断路器进线电压互感器 C 相保险熔断,对此,需要及时更换。

②发现电压频率解列装置柜的接线端子1D1-14与1D1-15短接,通过查看图纸发现1D1-14与1D1-15不应短接,随即将上述短接打开,恢复原设计图纸中的接线,具体如图3所示。

经过上述检查和处理,并进行了35 kV 母线PT 断线的模拟试验,当断开电站35 kV 母线电压互感器柜电压保护空开时,电站电压频率解列装置报PV 断线告警,未出现35 kV 送出线3560断路器跳闸情况。

图3 电压频率解列装置柜的接线端子短接
引起此次保护动作的主要原因主要有:①电站二次保护在安装时接线错误,未按图纸施工,导致出线3560断路器线路PT 保险熔断。

因电压频率解列装置柜的接线端子1D1-14与1D1-15短接,即C601火线与N600零线短接而造成短路,造成电站出线3560线路 PT 的C 相一次保险熔断。

②现场在上述缺陷情况下运行,在出现母线PT 断线情况或母线PT 正常停送操作时,电压频率解列装置低电压保护会动作,进而出现电站送出线断路器3560跳闸情况。

原因是电压频率解列装置低电压保护逻辑为“母线电压满足任一相线电压小于定值,且无PT 断线闭锁保护即可动作”。

当电站拉出PT 小车正常更换一次保险时,因保护装置检测到母线电压低(为0 V ),而此时线路电压UL 因小于定值65 V (因线路PT C 相一次保险熔断,使UL 输出为60 V ),所以PT 断线闭锁功能此时自动退出,从而导致低电压解列保护动作,3560断路器跳闸。

3 事故解列装置中相关逻辑
事故解列装置中相关逻辑为:①低电流闭锁与过电流闭锁均投入,低压解列不经过电流闭锁,只要满足任一相线电压小于定值,即可动作。

②当母线三相线电压均小于20 V ,且进线电压UL 大于定值d148(一般整定为70%Un ),装置就判断发生三相PT 断线。

③如果PT 断线告警投入,装置延时1 s 发告警信号。

如果PT 断线闭锁低压解列软压板投入,装置瞬时闭锁低压解列。

根据相关逻辑可以判断:①将PT 柜拉出来后没有母线电压,则满足逻辑1。

②进线电压定值为65 V ,但是装置采集到的线路电压为60 V 左右,不满足母线PT 断线逻辑,不能闭锁保护,所以,保护动作符合逻辑,动作正确。

4 防范措施
操作人员要认真检查二次保护接线,加强学习继电保护原理和二次系统图纸,并熟悉运行规程,杜绝类似事故的发生。

〔编辑:王霞〕
(英文摘要、关键词下转第128页)
图2 电站电压频率解列装置采
集到的线路电压UL
值. All Rights Reserved.
4 结束语
在工程建设中,虽然不能完全避免裂缝的产生,但只要工程人员严格按照相关规程和要求施工,采用合格的材料,做好温控措施,认真养护,就能使一些裂缝缺陷少产生或不产生。

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利水电出版社,1991.
[2]全国一级建造师执业资格考试用书编写委员会.水利水电工程管理与实务[M].第三版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
〔编辑:张思楠〕
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