50组近义辨析

Group 1: imaginary, imaginative, imaginable
imaginable adj. that can be imagined 可想像的
imaginary adj. existing only in the mind or imagination; not real 想像中的
imaginative adj. having or showing imagination 富于想像力的
TEM-4：
1. His ideas are invariably condemned as __ by his colleagues. (2005, 70)
A. imaginative
B. ingenious
C. impractical
D. theoretical
2. First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act __ . (2008, 74)
A. sensitively
B. imaginatively
C. efficiently
D. accordingly
Group 2: award, reward, compensation, prize
award: thing or amount awarded 奖品; 奖状; 奖金；助学金
reward:1. something given or received in return for work, merit or services 报酬
2.sum of money offered for the capture of a criminal, return of lost property赏金compensation补偿
prize: things you win in a competition or lottery奖金
TEM-4:
1. The police have offered a large __ for information leading to the robber's arrest. (200
2. 62)
A. award
B. compensation
C. prize
D. reward
2. Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the __________ for herself. (2013, 70)
A. credit
B. attention
C. focus
D. award
Group 3：recover, renew, restore, revive, renovate
recover: regain health, money, emotion恢复
recover one’s sight; recover the costs; recover from the shock
renew: renew a passport/book续期; renew a friendship重新建立关系；renew one’s energy恢复体力
restore: rebuild or repair (a ruined building, work of art, etc) so that it is like the original 重建、修复restore a painting / restore my confidence
revive: 1.bring back to consciousness恢复知觉Ours hopes revived.
2. bring back into use使重新流行revive old customs
renovate: restore (esp old buildings) to good condition整修旧建筑物
TEM-4:
1. Jimmy earns his living by __ works of art in the museum.(2004, 67)
A .recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving
2. A great amount of work has gone into __ the Cathedral to its previous splendour. (2006, 67)
A. refreshing
B. restoring
C. renovating
D.renewing
3. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __ slightly in
the afternoon. (2006.78)
A. regained
B. recovered
C. restored
D. revived
4. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _________ his new album soon.(2009, 66)
A.release
B. renew
C. relieve
D. rehearse
Group 4: climb, creep, crawl, scramble
climb: go up or over (sth) by effort, esp using one's hands and feet 攀登
creep: 1. move slowly, quietly or stealthily, esp crouching low悄悄移动（尤指弯着腰）
2.植物藤蔓Ivy is any kind of ever-green creeping plant.
crawl: move slowly, with the body on or close to the ground, or on hands and knees匍匐行进scramble: climb with difficulty 攀登，爬
TEM-4:
1. As there was no road, the travelers ________ up a rocky slope on their way back. (2010, 80)
A. ran
B. hurried
C. scrambled
D. crawled
Group 5: dismiss, discharge, expel, resign
dismiss: fire 解雇；send away下课；consider…not worth mentioning不理
dismiss a student
discharge: unload卸货；give official permission for sb. to leave释放、遣散be discharged from the hospital/army
expel: force…to leave驱逐
resign:retire, give up the position辞职
TEM-4:
1. Mary hopes to be __ from hospital next week.(2004, 65)
A. dismissed
B. discharged
C. expelled
D. resigned
Group 6: shake, tremble, shiver, quiver, vibrate, shudder
均含“震动，颤抖”之意。

shake → 最普通用词，含义广。

指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。

tremble → 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。

shiver → 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。

quiver → 多用于指事物。

指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。

vibrate → 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。

shudder → 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。

TEM-4：
1. She was standing outside in the snow, ________ with cold. (2004, 69)
A. spinning
B. shivering
C. shaking
D. staggering
2. On receiving sound waves, our eardrums ____ and cause minute electrical signals to be sent to the brain.
A. shiver
B. shake
C. vibrate
D. tremble
Group 7: source, origin, root, resource
均有“起源，起因，根源”之意。

origin → 侧重指事物的起源或由来，也指人的出身。

source → 本义指某地系河流或瀑布的源头，引申指某事的来源出处，但更多指抽象事物的根源或来源。

root → 通常指事物产生的原因或根源。

resource→主要指一个国家或地区可以取用的“资源，财力，资产”，一般以复数形式出现。

TEM-4:
1. He was a man of noble ______. He came from an old and prominent family in Virginia.
A. origin
B. source
C. root
D. resource
2. The gases from internal combustion engine are one _____ of the smog that hangs over large cities.
A. origin
B. source
C. resource
D. root
Group 8: bulge, protrude, stick, jut, swell
均有“突出，凸起”之意。

bulge → 指由于内部原因或填充物引起的膨胀，如“鼓鼓的肚子，鼓鼓的袋子”等
protrude → 指一个整体平面上突出的部分，带有一种畸形的暗示，如突出的额头等
stick → 指A物体伸出B物体之外，如把手伸出河面，钉子伸出椅子等
jut → 指因构造或位置等原因使物体的一部分凸出或伸出某平面之上（即从某物的一侧伸出或突出），如阳台在花园上方凸出来
swell → 指因膨胀或肿胀而隆起或突出，像（病理学）肿胀；（海洋）涨潮；（泉水、泪）涌出；（风帆）鼓起；（山峰）鼓起等,protrude
TEM-4:
1. My house is the only brick one in the street. It_____ and you can't miss it.
A. stands up
B. looks out
C. sticks out
D. wipes out
2. Her arm was beginning to _____up where the bee had stung her.
A. swell
B. jut
C. protrude
D. bulge
3. After the war there was a ______in the birth-rate.
A. sticking out
B. jutting
C. protruding
D. bulge
Group 9: empty vacant blank hollow bare
均有“空的”意思，但具体用法不同：
empty → 意为“(房间等)空的、没有物的”，指描绘之物的内部本应有的东西这时却没有，或者可容人或物的地方或容器这时未容纳；还表示“空洞无意义的”。

vacant → 意为“空的、空着的、(房间等)未被占用的”，是普通用词，侧重指某物或某个位置(职位等)暂时没有人居住或没有被占用而空闲着的。

hollow → 意为“空的、空心的、空虚的”，指所描绘之物的中心是空的，也可指空虚的。

blank → 意为“空白的”，指表面无字迹，没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白处；也表示“空虚的”。

注意：blank可用作名词，表示“空白、填空处、空白表格”。

如：
bare → 意为“光秃秃的、无遮蔽的”，通常指没有遮蔽或装饰的物体，或人体赤裸的某一部分。

TEM-4:
1. During the summer holiday season there are no ________ rooms in this seaside hotel. （2003, 60）
A. empty
B. blank
C. deserted
D. vacant
2. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a (n) ________ room in the hotels here. （2002, 63）
A. empty
B. vacant
C. free
D. deserted
3. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still________.
A. bare
B. vacant
C. blank
D. hollow
Group 10: draft, outline, diagram, sketch, blueprint, frame
既可作动词也可作名词用，作动词时均有“绘制”之意；作名词时都含“草图”之意。

draft → 用作动词时指按准确比例设计或打样；作名词时专指精确的草图或草案。

outline → 主要给出事物要点或轮廓，强调简化了的整体。

diagram → 侧重指用图形、图表等来说明。

plot → 可与draft和diagram换用，但侧重于表示具体的点、面、部分或目标，从而使相互关系以及和整体的关系得以明确。

sketch → 指用图、模型或语言描述来表示某一事物的整体情况。

blueprint → 主要指绘制蓝图或制定纲领或规划。

这个词引申用来指详细而具体的行动计划。

TEM-4:
1. The book gives a brief ________ of the course of his research up till now. （2004, 59）
A. outline
B. reference
C. frame
D. outlook
Group 11:.abandon, desert, forsake, relinquish, discard, forfeit
Abandon：If you abandon a place, thing, or person, you leave the place, thing, or person permanently or for a long time, especially when you should not do so.
Desert：If people or animals desert a place, they leave it and it becomes empty.
Forsake: If you forsake someone, you leave them when you should have stayed, or you stop helping them or looking after them.
Relinquish: If you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.
Discard: If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it. Forfeit: If you forfeit something, you lose it or are forced to give it up because you have broken a rule or done something wrong.
1.They ____ their lands to the invading forces.
2.The village had been hurriedly____, perhaps because terrorists were in the area.
3.She____ possession of the house to her sister.
4.He was forced to ____ control of the company.
5.If you cancel your flight, you will ____ your deposit.
Group 12:.pace trot shuffle ramble stride stagger toddle totter
Pace: If you pace a small area, you keep walking up and down it, because you are anxious or impatient.
Trot: If you trot somewhere, you move fairly fast at a speed between walking and running, taking small quick steps.
Shuffle: If you shuffle somewhere, you walk there without lifting your feet properly off the ground.
Ramble: If you ramble, you go on a long walk in the countryside.
Stride: If you stride somewhere, you walk there with quick, long steps.
Stagger: If you stagger, you walk very unsteadily, for example because you are ill or drunk. Toddle: When a child toddles, it walks unsteadily with short quick steps.
Totter: If someone totters somewhere, they walk there in an unsteady way, for example because they are ill or drunk.
1.This is the best season to____ in the suburbs.
2.He lost his balance, ____back against the rail and toppled over.
3.We watched the little boy ____up purposefully to the refrigerator.
4.He was thinking of the next step of the plan, ____ along the playground.
Group 13:compulsory compulsive
Compulsory: If something is compulsory, you must do it or accept it, because it is the law or because someone in a position of authority says you must.
Compulsive: You use compulsive to describe people or their behaviour when they cannot stop doing something wrong, harmful, or unnecessary.
1.Many young men are trying to get away from___ military conscription.
2.He went to a psychiatrist about his ____ gambling.
Group 14: edge, border, rim, verge, brink
Edge: The edge of something is the place or line where it stops, or the part of it that is furthest from the middle.
Border: The border between two countries or regions is the dividing line between them. Sometimes the border also refers to the land close to this line.
Rim:The rim of a container such as a cup or glass is the edge that goes all the way round the top. Verge: If you are on the verge of something, you are going to do it very soon or it is likely to happen or begin very soon.
Brink: If you are on the brink of something, usually something important, terrible, or exciting, you are just about to do it or experience it.
1.By the time the so-called “Cultural revolution” came to an end, our economy was on the ___
of collapse.
2.I could see that she was on the ___ of tears.
3.If you cross this bridge, you will be crossing the ___ of our province.
4.Our farm extends as far as the ___ of that wood.
5.The ___ of these bicycle wheels are made of plastic rather than stainless steel. Group 15:assure reassure ensure insure
Assure: If you assure someone that something is true or will happen, you tell them that it is definitely true or will definitely happen, often in order to make them less worried.
Reassure: If you reassure someone, you say or do things to make them stop worrying about something.
Ensure:To ensure something, or to ensure that something happens, means to make certain that it happens.
Insure: If you insure yourself or your property, you pay money to an insurance company so that, if you become ill or if your property is damaged or stolen, the company will pay you a sum of money.
1.She is perfectly safe, I can ____ you.
2.They tried to ____ her, but she still felt anxious.
3.It’s ____ to know that we’ve got the money if necessary.
4.Unemployment seems to be rising, despite repeated ____ to the contrary.
Group 16: breast, bosom, chest
这些名词均含“胸、胸部”之意。

breast：指人或动物的胸部或胸部前面，指男人或女人的乳房。

例如：He was wearing a nameplate on his left breast.
(他左胸前佩戴着一张名字牌。

)
bosom：文学用词，一般用作比喻意义。

意为“怀抱”或“怀里”。

例如：A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom.
(他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。

)
chest: 指胸膛，胸腔，即肋骨所包围的部分。

例如：The bears chest is hairy.
(那只熊的胸部毛茸茸的。

)
Group 17: attend, join, participate, take part in
这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。

attend：侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。

例如：She does not attend often.
(她不常出席。

)
join: 普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏等。

例如：When did you join the air force?
(你什么时候参加的空军部队？)
participate：正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。

例如：Several experts will participate as technical advisers.
(几位专家将作为技术顾问参加。

)
take part in: 侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。

例如：John takes part in many school activities.
(约翰参加很多学校里的活动。

)
Group 18: alive, live, living, lively
这一组形容词都跟“活着”有关。

alive. adj. 活着的，有活力的，常作表语，或后置定语。

例如：After the accident, he was barely alive.
(交通事故后，他奄奄一息。

)
of all men then alive in the world, only Alexander the conqueror and Diogenes the beggar were free.
(在当时世上所有活着的人当中，只有征服者亚历山大与乞丐第欧根尼才是自由的人。

)
live: adj. 活着的（仅用于名词前）
现场直播的
adv. 在现场直播
例如：Protestors want to stop the export of live sheep and cattle.
(抗议者希望阻止活羊活牛的出口。

)
We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.
(我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。

)
The match will be shown live by the BBC.
(这场比赛将由英国广播公司现场直播。

)
living adj. 活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。

例如：Who is the world’s greatest living artist?
（谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？）
in/within living memory 在人们的记忆中，现在活着的人都应该还记得…
例如：It was the worst storm in living memory.
(这是人们记忆中最严重的风暴。

)
lively adj. 活泼的，栩栩如生的。

例如：She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.
(她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。

)
Group 19: credible, credulous, plausible
这一组形容词都有“可信的”意思。

credible：adj. 可信的，可靠的
例如：The student told the teacher a credible story that she missed the class because she was sick.
(那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。

)
credulous：adj. 轻信的，易于相信他人的
例如：She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.
(她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。

)
plausible：adj. 似乎有理的，可信的，常常有“怀疑”的意思。

例如：Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.
(虽然这个解释合理，但仍不能使我完全相信。

)
Group 20: job, work, position, occupation, profession, vocation
1. Your job is the work that you do regularly in order to earn money, esp. when you work for a company or public organization.
Job 指为赚取工资而固定从事的工作，尤指为公司或公共机构所做的工作。

Eg. He finally got a job in a supermarket.
2. Work is used in a more general way to talk about activities that you do to earn money, either working for a company or for yourself.
Work 的用法更为广泛，指以赚钱为目的、为公司或自己所进行的活动。

Eg. Will you go back to work when you’ve had the baby?
I started work when I was 18.
▲ Do not say 不要说“What is your job?” or “what is your work?”
Say而要说“what do you do?” or “what do you do for a living?”
3. Post and position are more formal words for a job in a company or organization. They are used
esp. in job advertisements and when you are talking about sb. moving to a different job.
Post和position是更正式的说法，指公司或团体中的职位，尤用于招聘广告和谈到某人换工作时。

Eg. This post would suit a recent graduate.
He left last summer for a teaching position in Singapore.
4. Use occupation to talk about the kind of work that sb. does, for example if they are a teacher, lawyer, driving instructor etc.
Occupation is used mainly on official forms.
说到某人通常所做的工作，如教师、律师、驾驶教练等职业时，用occupation。

这一词语主要用于正式表格。

Eg. State your name, age and occupation in the box below. 把你的姓名、年龄和职业写在下面的方框内。

▲Do not use occupation to talk about your own job.
Eg. I am an accountant. (不要说My occupation is an accountant.)
5. A profession is a kind of work for which you need special training and a good education, for example teaching, law, or medicine.
Profession是指需经过专业训练和良好教育的工作，如教育、法律或医药工作。

6. Your career is the type of work that you do or hope to do for most of your life.
Career是指从事的职业或者希望毕生从事的事业.
Eg. His career is more important to him than his family.
7. V ocation is the feeling that the purpose of your life is to do a particular type of work, esp. because it allows you to help other people. = calling 使命感、天职
Eg. At 17 she found her true vocation as a writer.
17岁时她找到了自己真正的使命——当一名作家。

Group 26:considerate,considerable, considering
considerate adj. always thinking of other people’s wishes and feelings 为他人着想的,体贴的considerable adj. great in amount ,size, importance etc. 相当多（或大、重要等）
considering prep./conj. used to show that you are thinking about a particular fact, and are influenced by it, when you make a statement about sth. 考虑到，就...而言；鉴于TEM-4：
1. The couple has donated a not__ amount of money to the foundation. (2006, 80 )
A. inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable
2. On the road , motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ____ towards them. （2008，67）
A. considerable
B. considering
C. considerate
D. considered
3. It was really ______ of you to remember my birthday.(2011,73)
A. Grateful
B.thoughtful
C.considerable
D. generous
Group 27: extensive,exclusive,inclusive,comprehensive, conclusive
extensive adj. covering a large area; great in amount; including a wide range of
information 广阔的，大量的，广泛的
exclusive adj. 1. only used by a particular person or group (个人或集体)专有的，独有的
2. not able to exist or be a true statement at the same time as sth. else 排外的inclusive adj. having the total cost, or the cost of sth. that is mentioned , contained in the price 包括，包含（全部费用等）
comprehensive adj. including all, or almost all, the items ,details, facts, information,
etc.,that may be concerned 全部的，所有的，详尽的
conclusive adj. proving sth. , and allowing no doubt or uncertainty总结性的，不容置疑的
TEM-4：
1.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.(2007，68)
A. extensive
B.exclusive
C.inclusive
prehensive
2.The court would not accept his appeal unless __________ evidence is provided.(2013,77)
A. conclusive
B. definite
C. eventual
D. concluding
Group 28: instinct, distinct, extinct,distinctive, distinguished, distinguishing
instinct n. a natural tendency for people and animals to behave in a particular way using the knowledge and abilities that they were born with rather than thought or training 本能，天性distinct adj. 1.easily or clearly heard, seen , felt ,etc. 清晰的，清楚的，明显的
2. clearly different or of a different kind 截然不同的，有区别的
extinct adj. (of a type of plant, animal, etc.) no longer in existence 不再存在的，灭绝的，绝种的distinctive adj. having a particular quality or characteristic that makes sth. different and easily noticed 独特的，特别的
distinguished adj. very successful and admired by other people 卓越的，著名的distinguishing
TEM-4：
1. The patterns of spoken language are ___________ from those of writing.(2012,78)
A.distinct
B.distinctive
C.distinguished
D. distinguishing
Group 29：respectable, respective, respectful,respected
respectable adj. considered by society to be acceptable, good or correct 体面的，值得尊敬的respective adj. belonging or relating separately to each of the people or things already mentioned 分别的，各自的
respectful adj. showing or feeling respect 表示敬意的，尊敬的
respected 被尊敬的
TEM-4:
1. The young employee has a(n)______ quality - he is totally honest. (2009,80)
A. respectable
B. admirable
C. decent
D. Approachable
2.The audience waited in ____ silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.
A. respective
B. respect
C. respectful
D. respectable
Group 30: sensible, sensitive,sensational, sentimental
sensible adj. able to make good judgments based on reason and experience rather than
emotion; practical 明智的，合理的，切合实际的
sensitive adj. 1.easily offended or upset易生气的
2. That you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make
them angry敏感的，须谨慎对待的
sensational adj. causing great surprise, excitement, or interest 轰动的，耸人听闻的sentimental adj. connected with your emotion rather than reason 情感的，多愁善感的
sensory adj. connected with your physical senses
TEM-4:
1.Our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.
A.sensible
B.senseless
C. sensitive
D. sensory
2. I am easily hurt because my feelings are very ____.
A.sensible
B.sensational
C.sensitive
D. Sentimental
3.To an especially__________ child, a simple scolding can be a grievous experience.
A. hysterical
B. sensitive
C. gracious
D. sensible
Group 31:progress, process, proceed, precede
pro-=forward“向前”
progress v. pro-=forward“向前”+gress=go/walk"行走,步"→向前走,发展
1. to improve, develop, or achieve things so that you are then at a more advanced
stage改进
progress to/towards/beyond发展成
e.g. She started with a cleaning job, and progressed to running the company.
2. if an activity such as work or a project progresses, or you progress it, it
continues进展
Work on the ship progressed quickly.
process v. pro向前+cess行走,前进→向前走的过程→vt.加工，处理
1.to make food, materials, or goods ready to be used or sold, for example by
preserving or improving them in some way加工；处理process goods
2.to deal with an official document, request etc in the usual way审核；审议
process an application/claim/transaction
3.to deal with information using a computer处理（信息）
proceed v. pro-=forward“向前” +ceed=go"行走,前进" →go forward
1.to continue to do something that has already been planned or started继续做
2.to continue（活动、过程或事件）继续，持续
3.to do something after doing something else first - used sometimes to express
surprise or annoyance接着做
4.to move in a particular direction（朝某个方向）前进，行进
5.proceed to/towards/into
pre-=before”在前” e.g. prewar
precede v. pre-=before”在前”+c ed=go"行走,前进"+e→ happen before
1.to happen or exist before something or someone, or to come before something
else in a series发生在…之前；先于
2.to go somewhere before someone else在…前面
TEM-4：
1.Metal, valued by weight, ___ coins in many parts of the world. (2008,41)
A.processed
B. produced
C. preceded
D. proceeded
2.Symptoms start with a fever over 100.4 degrees F, chills, headache or body aches. Within a
week, the patient has a dry cough, which might _____ to shortness of breath. (09,36)
A.process
B. advance
C. progress
D. convert
Group 32: assume, consume, resume, presume
sume=take,表示"拿,取"
assume vt. as加强动作+sume拿,取→拿住→认为是,假定
1.to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof
假定;以为;假设（不太肯定）
2.assume control/responsibility取得（权力）；承担（责任）
3.put on装出，做出（某种样子）
assume a manner/air/expression
4.take on
assume great importance呈现，具有，显露（某种特质）
consume vt. con共同+sume拿,取→全拿完→消耗
1.eat or drink吃光，喝光
2. to use up an amount of fuel, energy, or time消耗，耗费(燃料、能源或时间)
3. If a fire consumes a building, it completely destroys it(火)烧毁，吞没，吞噬动词
4. If a feeling or idea consumes you, it affects you very strongly indeed.(使)沉溺，(使)
沉迷，(使)充满(感情或思想)
resume v. re再+sume拿,取→重新拿起→再用;恢复
vt.&vi. 重新开始；继续；恢复职位
1.begin sth.again（使）重新开始;（使）继续进行
2.resume your seat or position恢复(职位);回到（座位）
3.begin speaking again after one has stopped for a short time继续说;接着说presume v.pre预先+sume拿,取→预先拿住→假定
1.to think that something is true, especially with confidence, although you are not
certain（不肯定地）认为，相信，推测(有把握的推测)
2.to accept something as true until it is shown to not be true, especially in law假设；
假定
3.to behave without respect or politeness by doing something that you have no right
to do冒昧；擅自主张；妄行
I won't presume to disturb you. 我不敢打扰你.
TEM-4：
1. I ____ he has some money to invest, as he is looking for a good investment consultant.
A. resume
B. presume
C. assume
D. consume
我看他有些钱可供投资，因为他在访求好的投资顾问
2. I ____ he has some money to invest, though I have no evidence to go on
A. resume
B. presume
C. assume
D. consume
我猜他有些钱可供投资，只是这猜测没有根据
3.I let children make their own decisions now they are older; I wouldn’t____ to interfere.
A. resume
B. presume
C. assume
D. consume
现在孩子们大了，我让他们自己作决定，我决不擅自干涉。

Group 33:acquire, require, inquire, enquire
quir =seek/search,"寻求,询问"
acquire vt. ac加强动作+quir寻求,询问+e→寻求得到,习得
(fml ) to obtain sth. 获得
to gain knowledge or learn a skill学到知识技能，养成习惯
require v. re再+quir寻求,询问+e→再寻求→请求,要求
to need something需要;有赖于require doing sth. require sb. to do sth.
a law or rule says you must do it or have it要求;命令;规定
require sb. to do sth. require that
inquire v. in进入+quir寻求,询问+e→问进去→盘问
to ask someone for information 打听，询问；调查
inquire of/about"问,询问"
inquire into"调查"
enquire v. American English spelling of “inquire”
TEM-4：
If a child is brought up in isolation away from human beings, he does not ____ language.
A. inquire
B. require
C. acquire
D. request
Group 34:suspense，suspension，suspender
suspense n. a feeling of excitement or anxiety when you do not know what will happen next 悬念
keep/leave someone in suspense(故意)使着急，使焦虑
suspension n. 1. the act of delaying or stopping it for a while or until a decision is made about it 暂停;延缓
2. removal from a job or position for a period of time or until a decision is made
about them停职;暂时除名
3. A vehicle's suspension consists of the springs and other devices attached to the
wheels, which give a smooth ride over uneven ground. (车辆)悬架，减震装置
suspension bridge 悬索桥magnetic suspension磁悬浮
suspender n. fastenings which hold up a woman's stockings.吊袜带
TEM-4：
e on, Jack, tell me the story. Don't keep me in ______.(09,69)
suspense B. suspending C. suspension D. suspender
2.The whole country was in ________ over the result of the elections. (14,77)
A. suspension
B. suspense
C. suspending
D. suspender
Group 35: disinterested, uninterested, uncaring, indifferent
disinterested adj. able to judge a situation fairly because you are not concerned with gaining any personal advantage from it
= objective, impartial, unbiased
dis-+interest利益→ 跟利益无关的→ 客观的，公正的
The current sole superpower is far from being a disinterested observer. uninterested adj. un-+interest 兴趣→ not interested不感兴趣的
He was totally uninterested in sport.
uncaring adj. not sympathetic about the problems or suffering of other people
un-+caring→不关心他人疾苦的；冷漠的；无情的
It's of no use complaining to an uncaring boss.
indifferent adj. not at all interested in someone or something
不感兴趣的;不关心的;冷淡的,无动于衷的be indifferent to
People have become indifferent to the suffering of others.
TEM-4：
When Linda heard the good news she tried to sound casual，but her excitement was obvious．The underlined part means _____．(12,71)
A．uncaring B．disinterested C．without plan D．without warning Group 36: compose, consist, constitute, comprise
comprise: to have somebody/something as parts or members；to be the parts or members that form
something意思是“ 由…….组成, 构成” 它是个及物动词，其宾语既可以是表示部
分的名词，也可以是表示整体的名词。

即有两种用法模
式：
模式A: 整体（主语）+ comprise+ 部分的全体（宾语）
模式B: 部分的全体（主语）+ comprise+整体（宾语）
模式A中comprise 意为“由…组成，包含” 。

例如：
The committee comprises seven persons. 委员会由7人组成。

模式B中Comprise 意为“构成”。

例如:
Do you know how many states comprise the United States?
你知道美国由多少个州构成吗？
constitute: to be the parts that together form something是及物动词，它与comprise一样，常用于主动语态.
部分的全体（主语）+ constitute+整体（宾语）例句：
Twelve months constitute a year. 12个月合一年
compose: to combine together to form a whole表示“组成” 时是及物动词,常用于被动语态。

整体（主语）+ be composed of+ 组成部分（宾语）例如:
Class 4 is compose of 22 boys and 18 girls. 四班由22名男生和18名女生组成consist: to be formed from the things or people mentioned是个不及物动词,后接of使用时,才能表示“ 由..
组成” 。

整体（主语）+ consist of+部分的全体（宾语）例如：
The presidium consists of 148 delegates. 主席团由144名代表组成.
TEM-4：
Another theory held that the two phases are ____ different kinds of molecules (分子). （2000.32）A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from
Group 37:alter, vary, modify, convert, transform, revise, amend
alter: to become different; to make somebody/something different, to make changes to a piece of clothing so that it will fit you better指部分更改，仍保留本质和总体结构，其名词是alteration。

The sleeves of the shirt are a bit too long. I’ll have to ask the tailor to alter them.
vary : to change or be different according to the situation指不规则的变化或断断续续的改变，其名词是variation。

The weight of a body varies with latitude and altitude.
convert : t o change or make something change from one form, purpose, system, etc. to another, to change or make somebody change their religion or beliefs, to change an
opinion, a habit, etc. 指为了能适应新的用途或目的而改变某物的状态、形态、特
性等，其名词是conversion。

They have converted the barn into an exhibiting hall.
modify: to change something slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose, to make something less extreme. 使用较为广泛，可指改变意见、计划、结构、体系、方法、内容等，其
名词是modification。

The Industrial Revolution modified the whole structure of the English society. transform : to change the form of something, to completely change the appearance or character of something, especially so that it is better指事物的面貌、功能或性质发生深刻的变化，失去原状成为全新的东
西。

其名词是transformation。

My hometown has transformed into a modern town.
revise : to change your opinions or plans, for example because of something you have learned, to change something, such as a book or an estimate, in order to correct or improve it主要指对文字进行必要的修正和改动以使其完美，尤指对书、稿、计划、方案等的整体修改，纠正不足之处。

名词为revision。

It is true that there are some shortcomings in the program, but we will revise it to your satisfaction.。