高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 The United Kingdom练习 新人教版必修5-新人教版高

Unit 2 The United Kingdom
新题型—短文语法填空
A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat，and experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.
“We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we’ve failed to recognize the value of good sleep，〞said Fred Turek，a physician at Northwestern University.
Monday’s study from Eastern Virgnia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index－a measure of weight based on height increased.
“Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights，〞it said.In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.
“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies.Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients，〞the study said.
“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary，as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index，〞it added.
“We caution that this study does not set up a cause­and­effect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness，but investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.〞
The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.
Inan interview，Turek said some studies have shown the lack of sleep causes declines in an appetiteholding back protein hormone，and increases in another hormone that cause a longing for food.“In addition neuropathies(神经疗法)in the brain
governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap(局部重叠)，〞he said.
“Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic(流行病)levels in the United States，〞it added，“leading to a variety of health problems.〞
20．published [在第一段提到这个研究已经成为公众所知。

]
21．Emphasis [在第二段第一句说到人们以前把研究肥胖原因的重点放在饮食和锻炼上。

] 22．exercise [以前研究的重点是饮食和锻炼，现在是研究睡眠。

]
23．covered [这里的covered与第三段第一句话里的一样，意为“采访〞。

] 24．average [an average of“以……的平均数〞，on average“平均为〞。

] 25．insufficient [本文研究的就是睡眠不足与肥胖之间的关系。

]
26．relationship/connection [根据文中的“investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship〞可知，减肥在一定程度上印证了这个观点。

]
27．reduce/decline [睡眠不足使得某种荷尔蒙减少。

]
28．high [根据最后一段可知在开展中国家，这个问题很突出，可以猜测出dramatically 这个副词是个程度副词，意为“极度地，明显地〞。

]
29．common [在美国这个问题几乎到了流行病的程度，说明这已是普遍现象。

]
一、单句语法填空
1．(2015·湖北，完成句子)The professor was delighted ________ (find) that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.
2．I know you have been ________ (quarrel) a good deal lately.
3．(2013·江苏，书面表达)Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope ________ (accomplish)．
4．(2014·重庆，阅读D)Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite ________ (thrill)．
5．________ is strange that the naughty boy should have won the first prize. 6．(2015·广东，阅读C)TV doesn't take the place ________ reading for most children. 7．(2013·某某，写作)The library ________ (divide) into three different zones. 8．Old－fashioned phones matter ________ wireless networks break down in disasters. 9．________ (found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
10．(2014·福建，阅读E)And the generous subsidies(财政补贴) are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict ________ other residents(居民)．
答案
1.to find
2.quarrelling
3.to accomplish4．thrilling 5.It
6.of
7.is divided
8.when/if9．Founded 10.with
二、完形填空
(2014·东北三省四市第一次联考)
For a long time I saw happiness as a huge banner (旗帜) across the finish line of a long race.I felt that only when I__1__certain things could I finally be happy in my life.Most of the time I felt like a tortoise believing that being slow and__2__would win the race.At other times I would__3__like a rabbit trying different side roads at a dangerous __4__hoping to reach that banner a little faster.__5__，I began to see that no matter how long I raced towards it，the banner was never any__6__.I finally decided to__7__and take a break.It was then that I saw my__8__sitting beside me. It had been with me as I__9__hard to support my family，as I played with my children and heard their__10__and even when I was __11__with my wife at my side looking after me.It had been with me as I raced towards that stupid banner.I just didn’t have the__12__to see it.
There is an old Chinese proverb that says，“Tension is who you think you should be.__13__is who you are.〞Perhaps we all should stop our race towards the__14__life we think we should have and __15__the life we have now.Happiness will never be found under some banner far away.It will be found__16__your own heart，soul and mind.It will be found when you__17__that others love you just as you do.
Don’t be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness.Be a playful puppy and carry your stick of__18__with you everywhere you go.__19__yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to love and happiness，you are__20__there.,
1．A.forgot B．missed
C．overcame D．accomplished
2．A.safe B．steady
C．calm D．quiet
3．A.act B．run
C．jump D．walk
4．A.place B．height
C．speed D．time
5．A.Generally B．Gradually C．Fortunately D．Firstly
6．A.clearer B．lower C．closer D．smaller
7．A.settle in B．start off C．stop by D．sit down 8．A.happiness B．goal C．success D．friendship 9．A.studied B．fought C．exercised D．worked 10．ughter B．complaints C．stories D．breathing 11．A.lonely B．tired
C．sick D．hungry 12．A.courage B．chance C．wisdom D．strength 13．A.Stress B．Relaxation C．Failure D．Pain
14．A.real B．perfect C．common D．ordinary 15．A.enjoy B．change C．improve D．create 16．A.from B．on
C．over D．in
17．A.realize B．believe C．hope D．admit
18．A.sorrow B．responsibility C．fortune D．joy
19．A.Carry B．Make
C．Push D．Take
20．A.never B．still
C．already D．ever
【参考答案】完形填空
语篇解读作者通过自身的经历诠释了这样一个道理：幸福就在每个人的身边。

1．解析：“我〞觉得只有当“我〞完成(accomplished)了某些事情后，最终在一生中“我〞才是幸福的。

答案： D
2．解析：大多数时候“我〞感觉(自己)像一只乌龟，相信只要慢慢的稳稳的(steady)，就会赢得比赛。

答案： B
3．解析：其他时间，“我〞又像一只兔子一样，尝试不同的旁道。

根据语境可知，act“做事，行动〞正确。

答案： A
4．解析：“我〞以一种危险的速度(speed)前进，希望能更快一点儿到达那面旗帜。

答案： C
5．解析：渐渐地(Gradually)，“我〞开始发现无论“我〞跑多远，那面旗帜从不曾更近一点儿。

答案： B
6．解析：参见上题解析。

closer更近一点儿，符合语境。

答案： C
7．解析：最后，“我〞决定坐下(sit down)来休息一下。

答案： D
8．解析：就在那时，“我〞看到幸福(happiness)就在“我〞身边。

根据文章第一句中的“happiness〞可知，A项正确。

答案： A
9．解析：当“我〞努力工作(worked)来养家糊口时，当“我〞和孩子们一起玩耍，听到他
们的笑声(laughter)时，甚至当“我〞生病(sick)妻子在身边照顾“我〞时，幸福一直都在“我〞身边。

答案： D
10．答案： A
11.答案： C
12．解析：“我〞只是没有看到这些身边的幸福的智慧(wisdom)。

答案： C
13．解析：压力来自你对自己的期待，放松你会发现真实的自己。

此处Relaxation“放松〞和Tension“压力〞对应，所以B项正确。

答案： B
14．解析：也许我们大家都应该停止追求我们自己认为的应该拥有的完美生活的脚步，享受(enjoy)我们现在所拥有的生活。

perfect完美的。

答案：B
15．解析：参见上题解析。

enjoy“享受〞，符合语境。

答案： A
16．解析：你会在你自己的心中，思想里，脑海中找到你想要的幸福。

答案： D
17．解析：当你意识到(realize)其他人爱你就像你爱他们一样时，你就会感到幸福。

答案： A
18．解析：在通往幸福的路上，不要做乌龟，也不要做兔子。

要做一个顽皮的小狗，无论去哪里，都把自己的快乐(joy)的骨头带在身边。

答案： D
19．解析：把自己从赛跑中解脱出来。

take...out of从……中出来，符合语境。

答案： D
20.解析：谈与爱和幸福时，你已经(already)处在爱的包围和幸福的海洋里。

答案：C。

三、阅读理解
A段
阅读如下短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最优选项。

“Luck is a ma tter of preparation meeting opportunity，〞 said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ve never watched her show, but when a self－made billionaire gives life advice, it’s probably worth listening to.
Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’re a Chinese，you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump (树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.
A book written by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called TheLuckFactor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’s not about going to a temple to burn some incense (香) in hopes that the gods will give you good fortune；it’s pr actical advice you can follow each day.
Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he separated volunteers into two groups：those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper，〞 was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.
It’s eas y to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky〞，in fact, keep an open mind and don’t
go through the same routine every day.
I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners，my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I’ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I’ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wiseman’s studies I think not.
As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it’s important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.
Finally, try to turn bad luck into good.Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.
1. Which of the follow ing proverbs most agrees with the writer’s point? A．Make the best of a bad job.
B．Rome was not built in a day.
C．All that glitters is not gold.
D．A good heart conquers ill fortune.
2. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?
A．She became famous through her family background.
B．She was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.
C．She is a British talk show host.
D．She became successful by her own effort.
3. The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show________.
A. luck is in your own hand
B．bad luck can turn into good
C．you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you D．man can conquer nature
4. The underlined wo rd “spot〞is the closest in meaning to“________〞. A．recognize B．mark
C．locate D．receive
[解题导语] 本文为议论文。

作者认为命运只垂青那些有所准备的人。

身处逆境，不要怨天尤人，要想方设法化厄运为好运。

每个人都可以做自己命运的主人。

1. 解析：选A。

推理判断题。

Make the best of a bad job意为“身处山穷水尽，力争柳暗花明〞，与最后一段作者的观点“try to turn bad luck into good(把厄运变好运)〞最为接近。

故答案为A。

Rome was not built in a day意为“伟业非一日可成〞；All that glitters is not gold意为“闪光的东西并不都是金子〞；A good heart conquers ill fortune意为“善心克厄运〞。

2. 解析：选D。

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的a self­made billionaire可知美国talk show 主持人Oprah Winfrey是从白手起家，通过自我奋斗而成功的。

3．解析：选C。

推理判断题。

根据第二段的内容可以判断，作者引用中国“守株待兔〞的故事是为了说明“人们不应该待在家里等待机会的降临〞的观点。

4．解析：选A。

词义猜测题。

根据上文语境与The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message. 可知spot在句中用作与物动词，是“发现，识别〞之意。

B段
2016高考英语阅读理解集训。

阅读如下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C、D〕中，选出最优选项。

When Armida Armato’s daughter, Alexia, came home from school one day last year keen to go on a school trip to Ecuador, she wasn’t too sure how to feel. She was happy that her daughter could experience something she never did as a teen but was fearful
of letting her travel to such a remote part of the world.
Alexia was 16 at the time, a student at WestwoodHigh School. The school sponsored a humanitarian trip for 26 students and two teachers to spend 18 days living in a mountain village to build a one-room school. Even though Armato trusted her daughter, the other students and the teachers, she was worried about the side effects from the travel vaccines, possible accidents, and medical care.
Now that Alexia was home, Armato said she saw her daughter’s new maturity, greater confidence and independence. “This is the best thing I ever did,〞Alexia said. “The experience was so eye-opening and life-changing. You’re with people who are not as lucky as you are. They live in very poor conditions but they’re so happy and outgoing. You say, ‘My God. I’m taking everything for granted back home.’〞
She said they built a one-room school from scratch with no mechanical cement mixers. They used their hands, shovels and basic tools. She and another student lived with a local family in a small village about eight hours outside the capital, Quito. Despite the initial strangeness and knowing only basic Spanish, she said they grew very close and felt like a family.
Every year, groups of students at MontrealHigh School like Alexia pack their bags and fly off with classmates and teachers to developing countries where they volunteer for a variety of projects.
“Armato’s worries are very common among parents,〞 says Bill Nevin, a teacher at St. George’sHigh School. He organizes a humanitarian rip to India to the Sheela Bal Bhavan orphanage and says the three biggest fears families have are health, security and contact.
1. When hearing the news that her daughter would go on a school trip to Ecuador, Armato was _______.
A. proud and happy
B. supportive but concerned
C. fearful and nervous
D. excited but puzzled
2. The underlined phrase “from scratch〞in Paragraph 4 probably means “______〞.
A. having great help
B. using high technology
C. ending up in failure
D. starting from the beginning
3. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Volunteering helps students grow and develop.
B. School trips make parents worried about their children.
C. Ecuador is the most attractive travel destination in the world.
D. Brave Alexia dreams to work in Ecuador one day.
参考答案1---3、BDA
四、七选五
(2015·市朝阳区第一次综合练习)
Virtual (虚拟)Teams
Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time.__1__ This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.
Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams. __2__ It is the way the team members communicate. They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies, such as emails, faxes, and teleconferences, and alike. Due to more limited communication channels, the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on, what people are selected, and how the team is managed.
__3__One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work.
That is to say, when each person's work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment, like in a sports team, there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time, and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time.
Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment. __4__Another important quality is communication skills. The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.
Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals，performance standards, and communication rules. People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other.__5__
One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members. Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team. The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.
A．Yet, there is one significant difference.
B．Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.
C．A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.
D．The members must be self­motivated and able to work independently.
E．Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.
F．Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face to face.
G．To avoid misunderstanding, clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.
文章大意：本文为说明文，主要介绍了虚拟团队的含义、规如此和作用。

1．E “这样的团队现在被企业和组织广泛采用以节约本钱〞。

本空出现在第一段，因此很可能是对前面提出的“virtual team〞这样的概念进展的进一步的解释说明。

而本空后面出现的 This is particularly so for business that... 出现了代词 This线索，指代
的就是前面说的“虚拟团队〞的特性就是“节约本钱〞，E项符合题意，应当选E。

2．A “是，两种沟通却有明显的不同〞。

本空后面出现的 it is the way the team members communicate.出现 it 代词指代的就是 difference，应当选A。

3．B 并不是所有的项目对于“虚拟团队〞都是适合的。

本空后面出现的：one challenging case，是关键词，后面段落中举例：like in a sport team...更加印证了 B 选项。

4．D 成员必须能够“自我激励〞并“独当一面〞。

本空后面的 another important quality 说明本空应该说的是成员所具有的能力。

D选项符合题意。

5．G 为了防止误解，明确每个人都理解并承受的规如此是十分必要的。

前面出现的assumption 跟 G 选项中的 misunderstanding 对应。

应当选G。