2021届北京市第十八中学高三英语模拟试题及答案

2021届北京市第十八中学高三英语模拟试题及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
A Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People Fed
Yuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator, known for developing the hybrid rice varieties.
Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at an agriculture school.
In the 1960s, when a serious food shortage sweptChina, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the yields of rice. He then began a lifelong connection with rice.
Yuan succeeded in growing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares), rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher outputs. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.
InChina, where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people, the planting area of hybrid rice has reached 16 million hectares, or 57 % of the total planting area of rice, helping feed an extra 80 million people a year.
Hybrid rice has also been grown in over 40 countries, including theU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam, thePhilippinesandMadagascar. The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.
Even after a great success, Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs. In 2017, his team started to grow seawater rice inQingdao. The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive even after being completely in seawater. His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could be planted in 6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the country’s rice harvest by about 20 %. In 2018, Yuan’s team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai, which achieved huge success. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince. The experiment succeeded.
Yuan had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.
1. What made Yuan Longping decide to study rice?
A. A serious food shortage.
B. Agriculture development.
C. His interest in the rice experiment.
D. His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.
2. From the passage, we know that Yuan Longping ________.
A. developed a variety of hybrid rice
B. worked as a scientist after graduation
C. started to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017
D. grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1953
3. We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longping’s most outstanding qualities are________.
A. modest and outgoing
B. honest and creative
C. generous and optimistic
D. responsible and devoted
B
Chinese archaeologists（考古学家）announced on Saturday that some new major discoveries have been made at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China, helping uncover another start of the Chinese civilization.
Archaeologists have found six new sacrificial pits（祭祀坑）and unearthed more than 500 treasures dating back 3,000 years at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province. So far, archaeologists have unearthed masses of important cultural items from four of the pits, including pieces of gold masks, gold foil, bronze（青铜）masks, bronze trees and large numbers of ivories. The rest of the newly discovered pits arc still being dug up.
“Surprisingly, we have unearthed some never — heard — of — before bronze items," said Lei Yu, from the Sichuan Archaeology Research Institute. 'Tor instance, some large and well-made bronze items have strange-looking dragon or cow designs on them.”
In another major discovery, relics of silk products were found for the first time at Sanxingdui, which shows “the ancient Shu Kingdom was one of the important starts of silk in ancient China" according to Tang Fei, head of the digging team.
The new pits sit next to two sacrificial pits discovered in 1986, with areas ranging between 3o square meters and 19 square meters. Together they form an area in which people of the ancient Shu civilization held ceremonies to offer sacrifices to heaven, earth and their forefathers, and prayed for good luck and peace.
The Sanxingdui Ruins is regarded as one of the greatest archaeological finds of mankind in the 20th century. The site was accidentally discovered by a farmer in the 1920s. The ruins are located in the city ofGuanghan, about 60 kilometers fromChengduand are believed to be the relics of theShuKingdom.
4. What can we learn from the text?
A. Totally there are 500 treasures unearthed.
B. Six new sacrificial pits are under repair.
C. The unearthed treasures date from 3000 years ago.
D. There are six sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui.
5. What does the discovery of the relics of silk products mean?
A. Chinese civilization was widely influential.
B.AncientShuKingdomwas also the home of silk.
C. Chinese silk has a much longer history than known.
D.ShuKingdombelonged toChinasince ancient times.
6. What was the main function of the sacrificial pits?
A. To celebrate festivals.
B. To store valuable items.
C. To bury important figures.
D. To hold sacrifice ceremonies.
7. Who first discovered the Sanxingdui Ruins?
A. A farmer.
B. Lei Yu
C. Tang Fei.
D. Archaeologists.
C
When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices (装置) tell the time — which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007. This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions — but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things?
If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you
like to pilot planesacross the world.
Watches are now classified as “investments” (投资). A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £ 350,000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £ 15,000 to £ 30,000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up — they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when of fashion. Prices may keep going up — they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that £ 350,000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Times.
8. The author don’t need another watch because ________.
A. he don’t like wearing a watch
B. he has mobile phone and can ask someone for help
C. he has no sense of time
D. he thinks watches too expensive
9. It seems ridiculous to the writer that________.
A. expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell
B. expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones
C. cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive ones
D. people dive 300 metres into the sea
10. What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage?
A. It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.
B. It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.
C. It targets rich people as its potential customers.
D. It’s easy for theindustry to reinvent cheap watches.
11. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Timex or Rolex?
B. My Childhood Timex
C. Watches? Not for Me!
D. Watches----a Valuable Collection
D
Ask a classroom of children to draw a scientist, and you’ll see plenty of color1 ed lab coats and glasses. The image (画像) hasn't changed much since the 1960s, but the person wearing the lab coat is changing.
A new analysis finds that more female scientists have appeared in kids? drawings in recent decades — going from nearly nonexistent in the 1960s to about a third in 2016.
The first of many “ draw-a-scientist ’’ studies asked nearly 5,000 children to draw a scientist between 1966
and 1977. Of those 5,000 drawings, only 28 drew female scientists. That was just 0.56 percent. Today, female scientists are being presented more in the media. For example, in a content analysis, 13 percent of people pictured in science feature stories of the 1960s were women or girls, compared with 44 percent in the 2000s. “That might really affect children’s idea on what a scientist should be like, ” says Miller, a Ph. D. candidate in psychology.
To look for changes in children'sperceptionover time, the researchers conducted a meta-analysis ,combining data from 78 studies that included a total of more than 20,000 children from kindergarten to the 12th grade.On average, 28 percent of children drew female scientists in studies conducted from 1965 to 2016.
What hasn’t changed much: kids pick up stereotypes (模式化观念）by gender (性别）as they grow up. At age 6, about 70 percent of the girls in the more recent studiesdrew female scientists. By age 16, 75 percent drew male scientists. This is an important period in which kids are learning stereotypes. It’s important that teachers and parents present diverse examples of both male and female scientists.
12. What’s the picture of scientists drawn by a 1960s, kid like?
A. A man with long curly hair.
B. A woman with lab glasses.
C. A woman in a formal lab suit.
D. A man in a color1 ed lab coat.
13. What may contribute to the changes in kids’ drawings?
A. The improvement of women^ social status.
B. The kids are affected by teachers and parents.
C. More female scientists appear in the media.
D. The increasing number of female scientists.
14. What does the underlined word “ perception” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Belief.
B. Idea.
C. Habit.
D. Growth.
15. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A. it's a stereotype that scientists are generally males
B. girls are more influenced by stereotypes than boys
C. some children are born with certain stereotypes
D. most children tend to prefer female scientists
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项You probably know that exercise is good for you. Studies show that it can prevent many major health
conditions,including cognitive decline,diabetes, certain cancers and more.
___16___
＂Our lives are completely full. We may have children,aging parents, jobs, partners,and community,"says Barbara Hannah Grufferman, author of The Best of Everything After 50.
If you don't have a regular exercise plan,don't worry! There are simple things you can do to get more exercise, no gym membership or hours of commitment required.
Walk-and make it count
Even if you're not in shape, you can likely walk. And that's good news, because many studies illustrate that it's one of the best things we can do for our bodies. Grufferman suggests getting a pedometer(计步器），whether it's a simple mechanical one, or a FitBit or Jawbone.___17___And then,start walking faster and longer-most experts recommend walking 10,000 steps a day.
Reduce sitting
You've probably heard,"sitting is the new smoking."Well,this means that loads of research has shown that sitting for extended periods of time can have serious health consequences that range from obesity to diabetes and more.___18___It's also essential to take breaks from your sit-down desk.
Run if you can
It might seem out of reach, but if you can add some light running into your daily walk, you'll be better for it. Running can make you happier, strengthen your joints, improve heart health,and improve your memory!___19___Then,go for longer distances gradually.
Make it a habit
To truly make exercise-even the basics-a part of your life you'll need to make it a habit.＂The good news is that it's never too late to start," says Grufferman.___20___
A. Track your steps because it's very motivating.
B. But finding time to get more exercise can be challenging.
C. Make sure you are more active and have a more enjoyable life.
D. Experts suggest using a standing desk at least some of the time.
E. Like brushing your teeth, you have to build exercise into your life.
F. Some experts suggest altermating jogging and walking to get started.
G. Get the recommended amount of exercise for your age to get the most benefit.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Where do you go when you want to learn something？
School？A friend？A tutor？These are all____21____places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want____22____somewhere else instead. I had the____23____of seeing this first hand on a____24____．
My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so____25____a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some____26____experiences on Saturday as they played against teams____27____trained. Through the first two games, her____28____did not get one serious shot on goal. As a parent, I____29____seeing my daughter playing her best，______30______still defeated.
It seemed that something clicked with the______31______between Saturday and Sunday. When they______32______for their Sunday game, they were______33______different. They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play andteamwork they had______34______the day before into their______35______．They played aggressively and______36______scored a goal.
It______37______me that playing against the other team was a great______38______moment for all the girls on the team.Ithink it is a general principle.______39______is the best teacher.The lessons they learned may not be______40______what they would have gotten in school，but are certainly more personal and meaningful，because they had to work them out on their own.
21.A. public B. traditional C. official D. special
22. A. passes B. works C. lies D. ends
23. A. dream B. idea C. habit D. chance
24. A. trip B. holiday C. weekend D. square
25. A. won B. entered C. organized D. watched
26. A. painful B. strange C. common D. practical
27. A. less B. poorly C. newly D. better
28. A. fans B. tutors C. class D. team
29. A. imagined B. hated C. avoided D. missed
30. A. if B. or C. but D. as
31. A. girls B. parents C. coaches D. viewers
32. A. dressed B. showed up C. made up D. planned
33. A. slightly B. hardly C. basically D. completely
34. A. seen B. known C. heard D. read
35. A. styles B. training C. game D. rules
36. A. even B. still C. seldom D. again
37. A. confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned
38. A. touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning
39. A. Experience B.Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest
40. A. harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost £3 million a year, a study suggests. Children were responsible for______41.______vast majority of cases—95% of objects from noses and 85% ears. Every year, an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals_____42._____(occur) between 2010 and 2019. According to statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose_____43._____five to nine year olds came to the hospital with something in their ear the most. Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items______44.______(come) next. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.
According to the study, the accidents of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to______45.______(curious). Children have an impulse_____46._____(explore) their noses and ears. This results in the accidental entry______47.______foreign objects. Any ear, nose or throat surgeon has many______48.______(believe) stories about wonderful objects_____49._____(detect) in the noses and ears of children and adults. In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain_________50._________(warn) about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(／)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

To help you further understand Chinese culture, our school will organize trip to the Confucius Temple. I'd like to share some details about them with you.
As scheduled, we will to meet at 7:30 a. m. on Thursday at the school gate. We will first visit the Confucius Temple, where we can learn much about Confucius but have a deeper understanding of the traditional Chinese culture. Then, we will visit several ancient building. After that, we were going to enjoy some puppet shows. You will be great impressed. Finally, we will taste some special snacks, that are truly delicious. By the way, knowing briefly about the Confucius culture on advance would be quite helpful.
Please be sure to arrive at the appointing place in time.
The Students Union 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，上周五在学校参加了一场急救知识讲座。

请根据以下要点给你的英国朋友Alan写封邮件分享此事。

内容包括：
1.讲座内容；
2收获体会；
3.希望对方分享相关经历。

注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

Dear Alan,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C
12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
16. B 17. A 18. D 19. F 20. E
21. B 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32.
B 33. D 34. A 35.
C 36. A 37. B 38.
D 39. A 40. C
41. the
42. occurred
43. and 44. coming
45. curiosity
46. to explore
47. of 48. unbelievable
49. detected
50. warnings
51.(1).trip前加a
(2).them→it
(3).去掉to
(4).but→and
(5).building→buildings
(6).were→are
(7).great→greatly
(8).that→which
(9).on→in
(10).appointing→appointed
52.略。