2021届高考英语二轮专题闯关导练50分阅读理解提分练一含解析

50分阅读理解提分练(一)
阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
[2020·武汉市部分学校高三在线学习摸底检测]
Great Activities for Nature Lovers
Hiking
One of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old­fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it.
Backcountry Camping
Why limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend (or longer) adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent, sleeping gear, food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. If you're an experienced hiker and camper, this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.
Mountain and Road Biking
Unlike long hikes through the woods, biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and down steep slopes, between trees, and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren't suited for rugged terrain, consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads.
Gardening
Contrary to popular belief, you don't have to travel beyond your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility is restricted, consider making a garden to plant your own vegetables, fruits, herbs, or flowers. There's something truly satisfying about mixing a salad with fresh ingredients you plant yourself. One of the best parts about spending time on nature is that it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it.
1．What do hikers need for hiking?
A．A world map. B．A strong desire.
C．Practical skills. D．Necessary equipment.
2．Where will you go to show your survival potential in the wild?
A．To a backyard. B．To a forest.
C．To a mountain. D．To a distant place.
3．Which of the following can take you to travel farthest?
A．Hiking. B．Backcountry Camping.
C．Gardening. D．Mountain and Road Biking.
4．What is the advantage of enjoying the natural beauty in your garden?
A．It's popular. B．It saves money.
C．It's adventurous. D．It saves time.
B
[2020·长沙市高三统一模拟]“Pay it forward” is a new saying which means donating money or performing good deeds without hoping for recognition. As far as the receiver of the money, gift, or good deed is concerned, he or she is told only to do something
good for someone else.
When Scott, a homeless man, spent his last $15, he wasn't looking at it as an investment, but it's about to pay him huge profits. After he helped a woman who ran out of gas, she returned the favor by raising a lot more on the Internet.
Emily McClure, 26, was driving home when she ran out of gas halfway. “He saw me pull over and knew something was wrong，” she wrote. “He told me to get back in the car and lock the doors. A few minutes later, he came back with a red gas can, using his last 15 dollars to make sure I could get home safely.”
She couldn't repay him at that time because she had no cash with her. “I have been stopping by his spot for the past few weeks. I repaid him for the gas and gave him some clothes.”
Emily decided to do more for him, so she started a crowdfunding(众筹) campaign on GoFundMe, and it quickly gained far beyond its initial $10,000 goal. When it reached $100,000, the fund­raising page was shut down for a time at Scott's request. He didn't want people to think he was taking advantage of the situation. Finally, Emily said that she restarted it because the public interest had not decreased. She also added that Scott planned to donate the rest to a good cause.
According to The Washington Times, Scott wants to get a job at a warehouse and a department manager from a company has already reached out to Scott.
5．Why was the fund­raising page closed for a time?
A．People had no more interest in donation.
B．Emily was too busy to make efforts for it.
C．Scott was unwilling to be considered greedy.
D．The goal to raise $10,000 had been achieved.
6．Which of the following best describes Scott?
A．Flexible but mean. B．Caring and supportive.
C．Honest but stubborn. D．Aggressive and demanding.
7．What does the author want to tell us from the text?
A．Two heads are better than one.
B．One good turn deserves another.
C．One man's meat is another man's poison.
D．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
C
[2020·东北三校高三第一次联合模拟]Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers (零售商) are demanding to get on board in the hope of attracting green shoppers.
But is renting fashion actually more environmentally friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated this question and concluded that it's not as sustainable as it seems.
Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented—receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.
She writes, “An item ordered online and then returned can release 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi's.”
Then there's the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it's returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry­cleaning, a high­impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (全氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant, still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners,
with alternatives, although these aren't great either.
Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it's so easily accessible. There's something called “sharewashing” that makes people waste more precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco­friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as “a way to share rides and limit car ownership”，and yet “it has been proven to discourage walking, bicycling, and public transportation use”．Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after wearing few times, but we shouldn't let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There's an even better step—that's wearing what is already in the closet.
8．What is Elizabeth Cline's attitude toward clothing rental?
A．Approving. B．Unfavorable.
C．Objective. D．Enthusiastic.
9．The Uber example in Paragraph 6 indicates that ________.
A．rental services are on the rise
B．clothing rental will be as successful as Uber
C．renting clothes might waste more than expected
D．renting clothes might make people lose interest in fast fashion
10．The author suggests that we should ______.
A．give up renting clothes
B．purchase inexpensive clothes
C．rent clothes rather than buy them
D．make full use of clothes we've possessed
11．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Clothing rental is a new fashion.
B．Clothing rental is retailers' preference.
C．Renting clothes is not that eco­friendly.
D．Renting­clothes business is in a dilemma.
D
[2020·重庆市高三第一次调研]The proliferation (激增) of fires in the Amazon rainforest drew international attention in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macron called for urgent action. Since then, the eyes of the world have shifted elsewhere as House Democrats launched an impeachment (弹劾) inquiry against President Donald Trump.
Meanwhile, the Amazon continued to burn. The number of fires decreased by 35% in September 2019, but experts say this is merely a slowdown in a crisis with global repercussions (反响). There were still 19,925 fire outbreaks in September 2019 on the Brazilian part of the rainforest, which accounts for nearly 65% of the Amazon basin. Moreover, through the first nine months of 2019, the number of fires soared by 41% compared to the same period in 2018, Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) reported.
Higher rainfall totals than usual since the beginning of September 2019 and measures taken under mounting pressure by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro—who deployed the military to the Amazon and imposed a two­month ban on clearing land through fires—contributed to the burning decline.
“The factors that led to such w idespread fires in the first place—decreased enforcement of forest law, illegal deforestation for agriculture and invasion of native territories—remain in place，” said Nigel Sizer, Chief Program Officer for the advocacy organization Rainforest Alliance. “I t is good news that there are fewer fires in the Amazon right now, but this is a short­term pause from the larger problem.”
That problem centers on deforestation through systematically chopping down trees, which are either logged or burned, mostly to convert the land for raising cattle and growing crops. The practice has expanded from a small scale to an industrial production, leading to about 20% of the Brazilian Amazon having been cleared since 1970.
12．Who raised international attention to the proliferation of fires in the Amazon rainforest?
A．Emmanuel Macron. B．Donald Trump.
C．Nigel Sizer. D．Jair Bolsonaro.
13．What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A．There are more fires in Amazon now than ever before.
B．There were more fires in Amazon in August 2019 than in September 2019.
C．The proliferation of fires covers most of the wide area in Amazon.
D．The fires in the Amazon rainforest is still burning with international attention.
14．What's the main cause of the widespread fires in the Amazon rainforest?
A．Decreased enforcement of forest law.
B．Invasion of native territories.
C．Serious deforestation for agriculture.
D．The short­term pause of the proliferation of fires.
15．From which is the text probably taken?
A．A biology textbook. B．A gardening magazine.
C．A newspaper. D．A travel brochure.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

[2020·安徽省部分重点中学高三联考]
Urban Wildlife
Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wild, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbors.
Cities are built for humans. __16__ For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.
__17__ When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats, and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats. __18__ Now, they have come to value their winged (有翼的) neighbors. The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs every night.
There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural space for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo. __19__
If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbors to the wildlife around us. __20__ Our own future will be endangered too.
A．They are built to protect birds.
B．Our actions sometimes help other species.
C．If we do not, more species will become extinct.
D．They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.
E．Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move freely.
F．At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.
G．They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.
50分阅读理解提分练(一)
阅读理解
第一节
A
语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——活动介绍——适宜大自然爱好者的活动[文章大意] 该文讲述了大自然爱好者可以参加的几项活动。

1．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。

根据Hiking部分中的“Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure.”可知，徒步旅行者只需要有一张地图和对冒险的渴望便可踏上旅途，故B项正确。

尽管Hiking部分中提及“just a piece of map”，但是徒步旅行需要的可能只是当地地图，而不是世界地图，故A项错误。

2．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。

根据Backcountry Camping部分中的“to set up camp in a remote location”和“this is an excellent way to test your surv ival skills and explore the wilderness”可知，去偏远的地方露营可以展示自己的野外生存潜力，故D项正确。

3．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。

根据Mountain and Road Biking部分中的“biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature”可知，Mountain and Road Biking可以带你去最远的地方，故D项正确。

4．答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。

根据Gardening部分中的“it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it”可知，在自家花园体验自然的好处是省钱，故B项正确。

B
语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——善有善报
[文章大意] 无家可归的斯科特用自己最后的15美元帮助了在中途车没油的艾米丽；为回报他，艾米丽在网络上发起众筹，然而斯科特却把筹集来的多余的钱捐赠给了慈善机构，他以这种方式奉献社会，社会最终以一份不错的工作回报了他。

5．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。

根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，资金筹集网页关闭是应斯科特的要求，因为他不想让人觉得自己是在利用这种情况，即斯科特不愿意被认为是贪婪的，故C项正确。

6．答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。

根据第三段的内容以及第五段中的“Scott planned to donate the rest to a good cause”可知，当斯科特发现艾米丽的车子没油停在半路的
时候，他让艾米丽回到车里锁好车门，并用自己最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油以确保她能安全回家；他还计划把筹集来的多余的钱捐给一个做好事的组织，由此可推知，他关心他人而且能够给予他人帮助，故B项正确。

7．答案与解析：B 考查写作意图。

根据第二段尾句“After he helped a woman...on the Internet.”并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述了无家可归的斯科特帮助了艾米丽，社会也帮助了斯科特的故事，说明了好人有好报的道理。

故B项正确。

C
语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——服装租赁并非绿色环保
[文章大意] 服装租赁是新兴的热门行业，零售商希望以此吸引环保消费者。

可是，该行业并不像它看起来的那样绿色环保。

它包含的运输环节要比在实体店里买一件衣服然后在家里洗和穿释放的碳多；清洗环节也会污染环境；而且它可能会使我们更追求快时尚从而浪费得更多。

最环保的做法是穿衣橱里本来就有的衣服。

8．答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。

根据第二段第二句可知，Cline得出的结论是，这个行业并不像它看起来的那样环保；并结合第三至第六段表述的Cline得出这种结论的原因可推知，Cline并不支持服装租赁，B项意为“不赞成的，否定的，不喜欢的”，故B项正确。

C项意为“客观的”，与文意不符。

9．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。

根据第六段第二句可知，因为一种产品或服务是共享的，因此就被认为更环保，但这却使人们浪费得更多。

接着下文列举了Uber的例子——它被宣传为一种共享出行并限制汽车拥有权的方式，但是最终证明它阻碍了步行、骑自行车和公共交通的使用，由此可推知，举Uber这个例子表明了服装租赁造成的浪费可能比我们想象的多，故C项正确。

10．答案与解析：D考查细节理解。

根据尾段尾句“There's an even better step—that's wearing what is already in the closet.”可知，作者认为更绿色环保的方法是穿衣橱里已经有的衣服，故D项正确。

11．答案与解析：C 考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，本文第一段引入话题；第二段提出论点——服装租赁业其实并非像它看起来的那样绿色环保；接着第三至第六段给出了论据来支持这一论点；最后一段作者进行总结并给出建议。

由此可知，C项符合文意。

D
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——亚马孙雨林大火
[文章大意] 当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马孙雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马孙雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马孙雨林开展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。

12．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。

根据第一段第一句可知，亚马孙雨林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，即马克龙把国际的注意力引向了大火，故选A项。

13．答案与解析：D 考查段落大意。

根据第二段的内容可知，2019年9月亚马孙雨林的火灾数量下降了35%，但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马孙雨林仍在燃烧，故选D项。

14．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。

根据第四段首句可知，对森林法执行的降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林以及对本土的入侵等导致了森林火灾；又结合第五段首句可知，该问题以系统地砍伐树木而造成的滥伐森林为中心，故C项正确。

15．答案与解析：C 考查文章出处。

根据第一段和第三段的内容可知，法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动，美国总统特朗普遭弹劾，巴西总统博索纳罗部署军队，又根据文中列举的数据可推知，本文可能摘自报纸。

故C项正确。

第二节
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——人与野生生物——人类要学会跟城市内的野生生物分享空间
[文章大意] 城市是多样化的生态系统，我们需要考虑其他物种与我们为邻的情况。

如果我们学会分享我们的空间，我们就能成为周围野生生物更好的邻居。

如果我们不这样做，
我们自己的未来也将受到威胁。

16．答案与解析：D 根据空前一句及空后所举的例子，尤其是最后一句“但当我们割草或种花时，我们破坏了自然栖息地”可知，选项D符合语境。

17．答案与解析：B 根据空后所举的例子，尤其是“这为蝙蝠提供了一个很好的家园，很快这座桥就成了成千上万蝙蝠的家园”可知，选项B符合语境。

18．答案与解析：F 根据空后一句中的时间标志词“Now”可知，空处所填句子应与下文内容形成对比，故选F。

19．答案与解析：E 根据本段的内容尤其是空前的“The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.”可知，空处内容应与空前一句为话题一致、内容上承接的关系，故选E。

20．答案与解析：C 空前一句表述人类与野生生物共享城市空间的好处，空后一句与空前一句形成对比，再结合空后一句中的“too”可知，选项C符合语境。