供应链管理第三版Unit8习题与答案

供应链管理第三版Unit8习题与答案
Chapter 8
Aggregate Planning in the Supply Chain
True/False
1.The goal of aggregate planning is to satisfy demand in a way that
minimizes profit.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
2.Aggregate planning is a process by which a company determines levels of
capacity, production, subcontracting, inventory, stockouts, and even
pricing over a specified time horizon.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
3.Aggregate planning solves problems involving aggregate decisions rather
than stock keeping unit (SKU) level decisions.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
4.Traditionally, much of aggregate planning is focused within an
enterprise and may not always be seen as a part of supply chain
management.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
5.Aggregate planning is an important supply chain issue
because, to be
effective, it requires inputs from throughout the supply chain, but its results have little impact on the supply chain.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
6.Short-term production serves as a broad blueprint for operations and
establishes the parameters within which aggregate planning decisions are made.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
7.The aggregate planning problem is concerned with determining the
production level, inventory level, and capacity level (internal and
outsourced) for each p eriod that maximizes the firm’s profit over the
planning horizon.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
8.To create an aggregate plan, a company must specify the planning horizon
for the plan and the duration of each period within the planning horizon.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
9. A planning horizon is usually between three and five years.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
10. A poor aggregate plan can result in improved sales and
profits if the
available inventory and capacity are unable to meet demand.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
11. A poor aggregate plan may result in a large amount of excess inventory
and capacity, thereby raising costs.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
12.The aggregate planner must make a trade-off between capacity, inventory,
and backlog costs.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
13.An aggregate plan that increases one cost typically results in the
increase of the other two.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
14.The time flexible strategy is where the production rate is synchronized
with the demand rate by varying machine capacity or hiring and laying
off employees as the demand rate varies.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Hard
15.The time flexible strategy is where workforce (capacity) is kept stable
but the number of hours worked is varied over time in an effort to
synchronize production with demand.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
16.The mixed strategy is where a stable machine capacity and workforce are
maintained with a constant output rate with inventory levels fluctuating over time.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Hard
17.Most strategies that an aggregate planner actually uses are in
combination, and are referred to as mixed strategies.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
18. A highly effective tool for a company to use when it tries to maximize
profits while being subjected to a series of constraints is aggregate
programming.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
19.To improve the quality of these aggregate plans, forecast errors must be
taken into account when formulating aggregate plans.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
20.Forecasting errors are dealt with in aggregate plans using either safety
backlog or safety capacity.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
21.Safety inventory is defined as inventory held to satisfy demand that is
higher than forecasted.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
22.Safety capacity is defined as capacity used to satisfy demand that is
lower than forecasted.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
/doc/456657326.html,panies should work with downstream partners to produce forecasts and
with upstream partners to determine constraints when doing aggregate
planning.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
24.The aggregate plan should be viewed primarily as an in-house tool that
does not need to be communicated to supply chain partners.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
25.Given that forecasts are always wrong to some degree, the aggregate plan
needs to have some flexibility built into it if it is to be useful.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
26. A manager should perform sensitivity analysis on the inputs into an
aggregate plan to choose the best solution for the range of possibilities that could occur.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
27.As inputs into the aggregate plan change, managers do not need to make
changes to the aggregate plan.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
28.As capacity utilization increases, it becomes less important to perform
aggregate planning.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Multiple Choice
1.The process by which a company determines levels of capacity, production,
subcontracting, inventory, stockouts, and even pricing over a specified
time horizon is
a.aggregate planning.
b.detail planning.
c.inventory planning.
d.sales planning.
e.all of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Moderate
2.The goal of aggregate planning is to
a.dissatisfy customers in a way that maximizes profit.
b.dissatisfy customers in a way that minimizes profit.
c.satisfy demand in a way that maximizes profit.
d.satisfy demand in a way that minimizes profit.
e.none of the above
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
3.Aggregate planning solves problems involving
a.aggregate decisions and stock keeping unit (SKU) level decisions.
b.aggregate decisions or stock keeping unit (SKU) level decisions.
c.aggregate decisions rather than stock keeping unit (SKU) level
decisions.
d.stock keeping unit (SKU) level decisions rather than aggregate
decisions.
e. b and c only
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
4.Aggregate planning, to be effective, requires inputs from
a.all customers.
b.all departments.
c.all suppliers.
d.throughout the supply chain.
e.throughout the company.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
5.Much of aggregate planning has traditionally been focused
a.on short-term production scheduling.
b.on customer relationship management.
c.within an enterprise.
d.beyond enterprise boundaries.
e.all of the above
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
6.Which of the following are not operational parameters the aggregate
planner is concerned with
a.production rate
b.workforce
c.overtime
d.backorders
e.inventory on hand
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
7.The operational parameter concerned with the number of units completed
per unit time (such as per week or per month) is
a.production rate.
b.workforce.
c.overtime.
d.backlog.
e.inventory on hand.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
8.The operational parameter concerned with the number of workers/units of
capacity needed for production is
a.production rate.
b.workforce.
d.backlog.
e.inventory on hand.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
9.The operational parameter concerned with the amount of overtime
production planned is
a.production rate.
b.workforce.
c.overtime.
d.backlog.
e.inventory on hand.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
10.The operational parameter concerned with demand not satisfied in the
period in which it arises, but carried over to future periods is
a.production rate.
b.workforce.
c.overtime.
d.backlog.
e.inventory on hand.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
11.The operational parameter concerned with the planned inventory carried
over the various periods in the planning horizon is
a.production rate.
b.workforce.
d.backlog.
e.inventory on hand.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
12.The operational parameter concerned with the number of units of machine
capacity needed for production is
a.machine capacity level.
b.subcontracting.
c.overtime.
d.backlog.
e.inventory on hand.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
13.The operational parameter concerned with the subcontracted capacity
required over the planning horizon is
a.machine capacity level.
b.subcontracting.
c.overtime.
d.backlog.
e.inventory on hand.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
14.The aggregate plan
a.serves as a broad blueprint for operations.
b.establishes the parameters within which short-term production and
distribution decisions are made.
c.allows the supply chain to alter capacity allocations and change
supply contracts.
d.all of the above
e. b and c only
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
15.Aggregate planning is concerned with determining
a.the production level, sales level, and capacity for each period.
b.the demand level, inventory level, and capacity for each period.
c.the production level, inventory level, and capacity for each
period.
d.the production level, staffing level, and capacity for each
period.
e.none of the above
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
16.To create an aggregate plan, a company must specify
a.the planning horizon for the plan.
b.the duration of each period within the planning horizon.
c.key information require
d.
d.all of the above
e. a and b only
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
17.The planning horizon is
a.the time period over which the aggregate plan is to
produce a
solution.
b.the duration of each time period in the aggregate plan.
c.the length of time required to produce the aggregate plan.
d.the solution to the aggregate plan.
e.none of the above
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
18.The length of the planning horizon is usually between
a.one and three months.
b.three and eighteen months.
c.one and three years.
d.three and five years.
e.none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
19.Which of the following is not information needed by the aggregate
planner
a.demand forecast for each period in the planning horizon
b.production costs
/doc/456657326.html,bor costs
d.cost of subcontracting production
e.cost of changing the demand forecast
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
20.The cost of changing capacity includes the
a.cost of adding machine capacity.
b.cost of reducing machine capacity.
c.cost of hiring workforce.
d.cost of laying off workforc
e.
e.all of the above
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
21.Which of the following is not a cost of changing capacity
a.cost of adding machine capacity
b.cost of hiring workforce
c.cost of laying off workforce
d.cost of overtime
e.cost of reducing machine capacity
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
22.Which of the following is not a constraint the aggregate planner needs
to consider
a.limits on stockouts and backlogs
b.limits on overtime
c.limits on sales commissions
d.limits on layoffs
e.limits on capital available
Answer: c
Difficulty: Moderate
23. A poor aggregate plan can result in
a.appropriate inventory levels.
b.efficient use of capacity.
c.better sales and lost profits.
d.lost sales and lost profits.
e.lost sales and better profits.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
24.The fundamental trade-offs available to an aggregate planner are between
a.capability, inventory, and backlog costs.
b.capability, inventory, and sales costs.
c.capacity, inventory, and backlog costs.
d.capacity, inventory, and sales costs.
e.none of the above
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
25.Which of the following is not a distinct aggregate planning strategy for
achieving balance between capacity, inventory, and backlog costs
a.adjustable strategy
b.Chase strategy
c.level strategy
d.mixed strategy
e.time flexible strategy
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
26.The strategy where the production rate is synchronized with the demand
rate by varying machine capacity or hiring and laying off employees as
the demand rate varies is the
a.adjustable strategy.
b.Chase strategy.
c.level strategy.
d.mixed strategy.
e.time flexible strategy.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
27.The strategy where workforce (capacity) is kept stable but the number of
hours worked is varied over time in an effort to synchronize production with demand is the
a.adjustable strategy.
b.Chase strategy.
c.level strategy.
d.mixed strategy.
e.time flexible strategy.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
28.The strategy where a stable machine capacity and workforce are
maintained with a constant output rate, with inventory levels fluctuating over time, is the
a.adjustable strategy.
b.Chase strategy.
c.level strategy.
d.mixed strategy.
e.time flexible strategy.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
29.Most strategies that an aggregate planner actually uses are in
combination and are referred to as the
a.adjustable strategy.
b.Chase strategy.
c.level strategy.
d.mixed strategy.
e.time flexible strategy.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
30. A highly effective tool for a company to use when it tries to maximize
profits while being subjected to a series of constraints is
a.aggregate programming.
b.distribution programming.
c.production programming.
d.linear programming.
e.manufacturing programming.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Moderate
31.When formulating aggregate plans,
a.forecast errors have no impact.
b.forecast errors must be taken into account.
c.forecast accuracy is assume
d.
d.forecast accuracy is not a factor.
e.none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
32.Forecasting errors are dealt with using
a.safety backlog.
b.safety capacity.
c.safety inventory.
d.all of the above
e. b and c only
Answer: e
Difficulty: Moderate
33.Inventory held to satisfy demand that is higher than forecasted is
a.safety backlog.
b.safety capacity.
c.safety inventory.
d.safety sales.
e.safety workforce.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
34.Capacity used to satisfy demand that is higher than forecasted is
a.safety backlog.
b.safety capacity.
c.safety inventory.
d.safety sales.
e.safety workforce.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
35.Which of the following is an approach a company can use to create a
buffer for forecast error using safety inventory
a.overtime
b.carry extra workforce permanently
c.build and carry extra inventories
d.subcontracting
e.purchase capacity or product from an open or spot market
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
36.Which of the following is not an approach a company can use to create a
buffer for forecast error using safety capacity
a.overtime
b.carry extra workforce permanently
c.build and carry extra inventories
d.subcontracting
e.purchase capacity or product from an open or spot market
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
37.Aggregate planning should consider information from
a.only the enterprise as its breadth of scope.
b.downstream partners to produce forecasts.
c.upstream partners to determine constraints.
d.all of the above
e. b and c only
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
38.The quality of the aggregate plan can be improved by using information
from
a.only the local firm.
b.only downstream partners.
c.only upstream partners.
d.all parts of the supply chain.
e.none of the above
Answer: b
Difficulty: Moderate
39.The aggregate plan should be communicated to
a.only the local firm.
b.only downstream partners.
c.only upstream partners.。