2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：74

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The Ford Foundation is one of the world's wealthiest philanthropic organizations.
问题1选项
A.profligate
ernmental
C.humanitarian
D.multinational
【答案】C
【解析】福特基金会是世界上最富有的慈善组织之一。

philanthropic 意为“博爱的，仁慈的”。

profligate 放荡的；governmental政府的，政治的；humanitarian人道主义的，博爱的；multinational 多国的。

选项C与之意思相近。

2.
单选题
People with a great deal of （）often have admiring friends and bitter enemies.
问题1选项
A.quality
B.appearance
C.personality
D.characters 【答案】C
【解析】a great deal of后面接不可数名词，首先排除选项D；再根据句意可知，选项C更符合语境。

句意：很有个性的人往往有仰慕他的朋友和充满仇恨的敌人。

3.
单选题
The Americans lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when the Soviets exploded their first atomic bomb.
问题1选项
A.control
B.business
C.superiority
D.privilege
【答案】A
【解析】句意：苏联第一颗原子弹爆炸后，美国失去了核武器的垄断地位。

monopoly意为“垄断，专卖”，也就是具有控制权。

所以control与之意思相近。

4.
单选题
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us as a good deal about the wearer's background, personality, status, mood and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people's impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional maimer, regardless of the person's education, background, or interests.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree
on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink.
Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted.
Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men.
1.According to the passage, the way we dress （）.
2.From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can
（）.
3.The word "precedent" (Line 1, Para. 6) probably refers to
（）.
4.According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficult situations because （）.
5.What is the passage mainly about?
问题1选项
A.provides clues for people who are critical of us
B.indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a career
C.has a direct influence on the way people regard us
D.is of particular importance when we get on in age
问题2选项
A.change people's conservative attitudes towards their lifestyles
B.help young people make friends with the opposite sex
C.make them competitive in the job market
D.help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships
问题3选项
A.early acts for men to follow as examples
B.particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance
C.things that men should agree upon
D.men's beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided
问题4选项
A.the variety of the professional clothing is too wide for them to choose
B.women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion models
C.Men are more favorably judged for managerial positions
D.they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing
问题5选项
A.Dressing for effect
B.How to dress appropriately
C.Managerial positions and clothing
D.Dressing for the occasion
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A 第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

根据第一段的内容，着装通过提供线索让我们得出一个人是怎样的人，不是怎样的人以及想成为怎样的人的结论上起到了至关重要的作用。

它们能很好地告诉我们穿着者的背景、性格、地位、心情和社会前景。

也就是说，穿着对人们看待我们的方式有直接影响，选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。

根据第三段的内容，青春期女孩很容易就能认同那些穿某种服装的女孩的生活方式，包括她们可能有多少男朋友，她们是否抽烟或喝酒。

也就是说，年轻人倾向于相信某些类型的衣服可以帮助他们在人际关系中取得成功。

选项D符合原文。

3.词汇题。

根据句意可知，“precedents”应该和“role models”意思相近，所以选项A“男性追随的榜样的早期行为”符合原文所表述的意思。

4.细节事实题。

根据最后一段第三句“A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing.”商界的许多女性都不确定，她们应该通过职业着装来传达什么样的“男性化”和“女性化”特质。

也就是说，她们不确定应该在多大程度上通过服装来展现自己的女性气质，选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。

结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是穿着可以呈现出一个人什么样，给人的印象是怎样的，也就是说，穿着对人产生了影响。

所以选项A最能概括全文主旨。

5.
单选题
Each morning the priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation.
问题1选项
A.intuition
B.reflection
C.meditation
D.perception
【答案】C
【解析】句意：牧师每天早晨花一个小时静静地沉思。

contemplation意为“沉思”。

intuition 直觉；reflection 映像，反射；meditation 冥想，沉思，静坐；perception 洞察力，看法。

选项C与之意思相近。

6.
单选题
Her voice （）as she admitted what she had done.
问题1选项
A.hesitated
B.injected
C.floated
D.slid
【答案】A
【解析】hesitate 踌躇，犹豫；inject 注入，注射；float 浮动，飘流；slid 滑落，不知不觉地陷入。

句意：她承认自己所做的事时，她的表达有些犹豫。

选项A符合句意。

7.
单选题
In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off To work the crops.
问题1选项
A.在美国农村, 时间是根据生长季节来安排的。

现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业, 但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家只是去挤牛奶或是几个月不上学去地里种庄稼。

B.在美国农村, 一年是根据农时来安排的。

现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业, 但几乎所有的学校的时间安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家是去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。

C.在美国农村，上学时间是根据农时来决定的。

现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业, 但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是让孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。

【答案】C
【解析】根据句意可知“growing season”不是直译为生长季节，而是指“农时”，所以首先排除选项A；这里的the year指的是“上学时间”，所以选项C最为恰当。

8.
单选题
Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except （）? 问题1选项
A.ingredients
ponents
C.elements
pounds
【答案】A
【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component组件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。

句意：为什么素食餐厅的菜除了配料外，其他各个方面都像肉？选项A符合语境。

9.
单选题
By today's standards, early farmers were imprudent because they planted the crop repeatedly, exhausting the soil after a few harvests.
问题1选项
A.unwise
B.stubborn
C.tiresome
D.unscientific
【答案】A
【解析】句意：按照今天的标准，早期的农民是轻率的，因为他们反复种植作物，几次收获后就把土壤耗尽了。

imprudent意为“轻率的，鲁莽的”。

unwise不明智的，轻率的；stubborn顽固的；tiresome无聊的，令人讨厌的；unscientific不科学的。

选项A与之意思相近。

10.
单选题
Large areas of Alaskan land remain desolate due to harsh climate.
问题1选项
A.inaccessible
B.immature
C.parched
D.stark
【答案】D
【解析】句意：由于气候恶劣，阿拉斯加的大片土地仍然荒凉。

desolate意为“荒凉的，无人烟的”。

inaccessible难达到的，难接近的；immature不成熟的； parched炎热的，干透的；stark荒凉的，光秃秃的。

选项D与之意思相近。

11.
单选题
The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only kid, who had been （）for more pocket money all the time.
问题1选项
A.impressing
B.importuning
rming
D.improvising
【答案】B
【解析】impress 给人印象；importune强求，一再向某人要求；inform 告诉，通知；improvise 即兴创作。

句意：这对夫妇一直试图满足他们唯一的孩子的所有需要，而孩子一直在不断地要求更多的零花钱。

选项B符合语境。

12.
翻译题
疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲人最常抱怨的问题之一。

或许你认为在这个拥有各种节省体力的装置和方便的交通设施的时代。

很少有人会有理由感到如此疲劳。

然而，今天与用手捆干草，用搓衣板洗衣服的昔日相比，抱怨疲劳的人也许更多了。

据医生们说，疲倦更可能是由于过少的活动所致，而不是过多的活动所引起的。

情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑，显然是长期疲劳最常见的原因。

【答案】Fatigue is one of the most common problems complained by people to doctors, friends and folks. Perhaps you think that few would have reasons to feel tired in the era of full of all kinds of strength-saving device and convenient transport facilities. However, maybe more people complain about the fatigue nowadays than the old days when baling hay by hand and washing clothes with a washboard. As the doctor said, fatigue is more likely to result from too little activity, and not to be caused by too many activities. Emotional problems and trouble, especially depression and anxiety, are clearly the most common cause of chronic fatigue.
13. 翻译题
1.Libraries other than those listed above require additional registration before you can access their collections.
2.In the past, he used to tell us of his expeditions through the woods and fields round his home, and how he explored the solitary brooks and ponds; and then he described the curious animals and birds he saw.
3.七月份中国消费物价指数与去年同期比下降了 0.9%, 而六月份该指数下降了 0.8%。

【答案】1.除了上面列举的图书馆外，使用其他图书馆的藏书，你还需要另行注册。

2.以前他时常对我说关于他在他家周围的森林和原野中探险的事，以及他怎样找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形，然后他会描述他所见到的珍禽异兽。

3.China's consumer price index in July dropped by 0.9 percent compared with that of the same period in last year and the index fell 0.8% in June.
14.
单选题
Americans feel that using someone's words in a research paper without referencing them is tantamount to stealing.
问题1选项
A.necessary
B.unbelievable
C.acceptable
D.equivalent
【答案】D
【解析】句意：美国人认为，在研究论文中使用某人的话而不提及他们，就相当于是抄袭。

tantamount意为“等于，相当于”。

equivalent相等的，同意义的。

选项D与之意思相近。

15.
单选题
The use of seat belts is （）in many countries in the world; failure to wear them may result in fines.
问题1选项
A.covert
B.cruel
pulsory
D.constrained
【答案】C
【解析】covert 隐藏的，隐秘的；cruel 残忍的，残酷的；compulsory 强制的，义务的；constrained 不自然的，过于受约束的。

句意：世界上许多国家对安全带的使用是强制性的，不戴可能会被罚款。

选项C符合句意。