高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选编题3试题

和县2021高考英语阅读理解〔一轮〕选编题阅读理解训练
(2021·二模)
Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human­to­human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up〞 and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University's Institute of Infec tion and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.〞
“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.〞
Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the peo ple affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.〞
“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists' skills to close this knowledge gap.〞
Professor Miles Carroll, a co­author of the work, said: “This study has allowed
the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.〞
文章大意：本文是医疗科研报告。

文章主要讲述了关于埃博拉病毒的研究进展情况，该病毒与什么有关系，该如何控制该病的疫情。

1．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A．How severe Ebola virus is.
B．How Ebola virus spreads.
C．How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.
D．What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.
答案：C 主旨大意题。

A项严重的埃博拉病毒是怎么样的；B项埃博拉病毒是如何传播的；C项埃博拉病毒是如何变得致命的；D项科学家们为埃博拉病毒做出了什么样的奉献。

根据题干关键词the first paragraph。

通读第一段，并根据第一句话Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and t hen from human­to­human contact可知该段的大意是埃博拉病毒是如何逐渐变得致命的。

应选C。

2．Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?
A．In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.
B．As the virus spreads, it'll change and become more and more deadly.
C．The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.
D．The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.
答案：B 推理判断题。

根据文章第一段的They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up〞 and become more severe中的关键词initially 可知A是错误的；根据文章的倒数第二段“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is
way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists' skills to close this knowledge gap.〞排除C；根据文章最后三段可排除D；根据文章第一段的最后一句话的后半句succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up〞 and become more severe可知选B。

3．The underlined word “fatal〞 has the closest meaning to ________.
A．optimistic B．deadly
C．common D．fantastic
答案：B 词义猜想题。

optimistic乐观的；deadly致命的；common常见的；fantastic 奇异的。

根据文章第四段的The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies和该段的the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus可知埃博拉病毒变得更加致命。

由此推断fatal是致命的。

应选B。

4．Where can we probably read this passage?
A．In a science report. B．In a storybook.
C．In an advertisement. D．In a textbook.
答案：A 细节理解题。

In a science report在科技报告上；In a storybook在故事书中；In an advertisement在一个广告中；In a textbook在课本中。

通读全文，并根据文章介绍埃博拉病毒的研究进程判断选A。

[科普知识型阅读理解(二)]------B
Studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crate r of active volcanoes. But the 38­year­old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky，〞 she
insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，〞she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk.
Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it's not surprising she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember r eading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，〞she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.〞
Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn't take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，〞 she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000°C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision—there wasn't time to do anything else.〞
And what about the future? “I haven't been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，〞she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other
volcanoes go bang.〞 In other words, Hazel Rymer won't be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of driving to work just yet.
1. Hazel's claim that “driving to work is more risky〞 than exploring volcanoes shows that ________．
A．people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the past
B．Hazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself in
C．there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel lives
D．Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces
2. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes?
A．When she was visiting Italy.
B．When she was at school.
C．When she was twenty.
D．When she saw Vesuvius.
3. The underlined word “These〞 (in Paragraph 3) refers to “________〞．
A．melting ice caps
B．volcanic eruptions
C．changes in sea level
D．higher temperatures
4. When Hazel was on Mount Etna, she had to ________．
A．take a dangerous route
B．take an unnecessary risk
C．leave her boots behind
D．walk for ten hours around the mountain
5. In the future, Hazel wants to ________．
A．revisit volcanoes she knows
B．go on holiday to the Antarctic
C．find a less dangerous job
D．discover new things about volcanoes
【参考答案解析】B
【要点综述】本文主要介绍了火山学家Hazel Rymer的一些关于火山的研究活动。

1．D 由此句话的前一句“But the 38­year­old volcanol ogist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.〞以及此句话可知，Hazel Rymer说开车上班比对火山进展研究更危险可推断出，她是以一种谦虚的说法淡化其面临的危险。

2．B 由第二段第二句“Her interest in volcanoes began at school.〞可知她在读书时就对火山感兴趣。

3．C 由画线词的前一句话“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps.〞可知画线词应该指的是海平线的变化。

4．A 由第三段最后几句“‘I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，' she explains.She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream.‘I guess i t was five metres.The flow was 1，000°C, so if you hesitated, your boots would begin to melt.It was scary, but it really was a practical decision —there wasn't time to do anything else.'〞可知
她选择了从熔岩流中走过，而这是一条危险的路。

5．D 由最后一段的内容“…I would also like to know why q uiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang…〞可知，Hazel将继续对火山进展研究，并发现一些新的东西。

阅读以下短文，从每一小题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项。

As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper.
Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either.
Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell(魔咒).
According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world’s population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don’t delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses " to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong.
Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones.
Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent(过失的〕in a society that thinks of swift action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good.
Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed〞 to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.
41. From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _____.
A. procrastination is beneficial to many students
B. many students are under great pressure in their study
C. lots of college students are working hard to write good articles on time
D. many students are getting into the habit of delaying finishing their tasks 【答案】D
【解析】段落大意题。

根据中心句Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.可知许多学生都有拖延完成任务的时间是的习惯，应选D。

42. According to the passage, procrastination probably refers to _____.
A. a bad habit
B. a serious illness
C. a difficult task
D. a form of entertainment
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

根据Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate,可知拖延是一种坏的习惯，应选A。

43. Which of the following statements is WRONG?
A. Procrastination makes people waste their time.
B. Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly.
C. Swift action is considered as a moral standard in the society.
D. Procrastination is common among people.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

根据Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.拖延时间是完成作业有可能因为时间是紧，会出现更多的错误，选项B表达的是拖延时间是有可能完成工作更好，这与原文不符，应选B。

44. Which behavior belongs to procrastination?
A. Never dream away the time.
B. Always complete the tasks ahead of time.
C. Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
D. Always wait to work until the “good mo od〞or “good time〞.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。

根据Procrastination is the thief of time拖延时间是就是开场
有任务时不做，等到自己感觉有好心情了，有好时机了在做，应选D。

45. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A. Measures to deal with procrastination.
B. Approaches to handling the study pressures.
C. More examples to illustrate procrastination.
D. Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。

根据Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.既然存在拖延时间是的坏习惯，那么就应该采取措施处理这种坏习惯，应选A。

[科普知识型阅读理解(二)]------C
Online clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best, for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a “3D tape measure〞.
Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a programme which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images.
Using the person's height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.
The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on the waist size or a “small/medium/large〞 scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyer's perception of their own body size.
Shoppers and retailers(零售商) who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服装) and send back ill­fitting clothes, researchers claimed.
The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years.
After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.
The software will not store or transmit the image to the Internet, but will use it to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body.
Philip Delamore of the Lon don College of Fashion said, “The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it's common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they're unsure which one will fit best.〞
1. What is the essential part of a “3D tape measure〞？
A．A software.
B．A webcam.
C．A microphone.
D．A smart phone.
2. What can we learn about t he “3D tape measure〞？
A．It will store or transmit the image to the Internet.
B．It is based on the buyer's perception of their size.
C．It will be a co­working production.
D．It uses a person's weight as a starting point.
3. Compared with the traditional sizing system, a “3D tape measure〞is________．
A．quicker B．more precise
C．more beautiful D．more vivid
4. How can the “3D tape measure〞 benefit online shoppers?
A．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment in time.
B．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly.
C．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality.
D．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure.
5. What is the right order for a shopper to form a “3D tape measure〞？
①to take a photo with a webcam
②to activate the software
③to enter his/her height
④to judge his or her size by analysing his or her image
A．①②③④ B．②①③④
C．②③①④ D．②③④①
【参考答案解析】C
【要点综述】英国萨里大学科学家和伦敦时装学院设计专家一共同开发的一款3D软件可以根据用户上传的照片准确测量出用户的腰围、臀围、胸围等关键尺寸，以帮助用户选定最合适的服装尺寸。

1．A 通读全文以及第一段“…for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a ‘3D tape measure’．〞可知文章主要介绍了一款能实现3D量体的软件，因此选A项。

2．C 根据第二段“Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a programme…〞可知，这款软件是科学家和设计专家一共同研发的，因此选C项。

3．B 根据第四段“The result will be a more accurate sizing guide th an previous systems based on the waist size or a ‘small/medium /large’ scale…〞可知，此3D测量软件比传统软件更准确，因此选B项。

4．D 通读全文可知，网购者使用文章中介绍的a “3D tape measure〞来测量衣服的尺寸，可以买到更符合自己型号的衣服，因此选D项。

5．C 根据倒数第三段“After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.〞以及倒数第二段“The software will not store or transmit the image to the Internet, but will use it to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body.〞可知这个工程首先激活软件，然后测量其身高，再用网络摄像机摄像，最后通过分析其影像来判断其身材，故答案为C项。

励志赠言经典语录精选句；挥动**，放飞梦想。

厚积薄发，一鸣惊人。

关于努力学习的语录。

自古以来就有许多文人留下如头悬梁锥刺股的经典的，而近代又有哪些经典的高中励志赠言出现呢?小编筛选了高中励志赠言句经典语录，看看是否有些帮助吧。

好男儿踌躇满志，你将如愿;真巾帼灿烂扬眉，我要成功。

含泪播种的人一定能含笑收获。

贵在坚持、难在坚持、成在坚持。

功崇惟志，业广为勤。

耕耘今天，收获明天。

成功，要靠辛勤与汗水，也要靠技巧与方法。

常说口里顺，常做手不笨。

不要自卑，你不比别人笨。

不要自满，别人不比你笨。

高三某班，青春无限，超越梦想，勇于争先。

敢闯敢拼，**协力，争创佳绩。

丰富学校体育内涵，共建时代校园文化。

奋勇冲击，永争第一。

奋斗冲刺，誓要蟾宫折桂;全心拼搏，定能金榜题名。

放心去飞，勇敢去追，追一切我们为完成的梦。

翻手为云，覆手为雨。

二人同心，其利断金。

短暂辛苦，终身幸福。

东隅已逝，桑榆非晚。

登高山，以知天之高;临深溪，以明地之厚。

大智若愚，大巧若拙。

聪明出于勤奋，天才在于积累。

把握机遇，心想事成。

奥运精神，永驻我心。

“想”要壮志凌云，“干”要脚踏实地。

**燃烧希望，励志赢来成功。

楚汉名城，喜迎城运盛会，三湘四水，欢聚体坛精英。

乘风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。

不学习，如何养活你的众多女人。

不为失败找理由，要为成功想办法。

不勤于始，将悔于终。

不苦不累，高三无味;不拼不搏，高三白活。

不经三思不求教不动笔墨不读书，人生难得几回搏，此时不搏，何时搏。

不敢高声语，恐惊读书人。

不耻下问，学以致用，锲而不舍，孜孜不倦。

博学强识，时不我待，黑发勤学，自首不悔。

播下希望，充满**，勇往直前，永不言败。

保定宗旨，砥砺德行，远见卓识，创造辉煌。

百尺高梧，撑得起一轮月色;数椽矮屋，锁不住五夜书声。