2020年宁波市第十五中学高三英语期中考试试卷及答案

2020年宁波市第十五中学高三英语期中考试试卷及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
A medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.
But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”
Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.
“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.
Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.
One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.
1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.
A. adopt the latest technologies
B. make their robots dream come true
C. help build specialized capsule robots
D. do preciser observation and diagnosis
2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?
A. Perform live.
B. Run independently.
C. Act in a cooperative way.
D. Carry on step by step.
3. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.
B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.
C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.
D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.
B
Every day in the United States animals are beaten, ignored, or forced to struggle for survival. Left in poor conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the mercy they deserve. Some are found and rescued, given the chance to experience how great life and humans can be; others aren't so lucky. To grow as a nation, we must fight for these abused(受虐待的) animals’ rights and seriously punish heartless owners.
One of the first steps in protecting animals and creating effective cruelty laws is to know what animal cruelty actually is. There are two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. The first involves acts of omission, meaning the abuse happens as a result of ignorance or lack of action. Passive cruelty might seem less serious, but that is not the case; it can lead to terrible pain and suffering, and finally death. Examples include starvation, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care. Passive cruelty is sometimes due to the owner's ignorance, so many animal control officers will first try to educate ignorant owners on how to properly care for animals before giving them a citation(传票) or putting them in prison.
Active cruelty, on the other hand, is more well-known and disturbing. Sometimes referred to as non-accidental injury, this type of abuse involves purposeful harm on an animal in order to feel more powerful or gain control. Active cruelty against animals should be taken very seriously, since it can be a sign that a person has serious psychological issues and may commit more acts of violence---possibly against humans.
It is hard to tell just what drives people to harm innocent animals. Most animal abusers find some sort of achievement or power in torturing a victim that they know can't fight back. While not all animal abusers become serial killers, it is important to take every case seriously.
As a nation we need to make it our right to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”
4. What is the first step to do with the passive cruelty abusers?
A. To throw them into prison.
B. To bring the case to the court.
C. To teach them how to treat animals.
D. To give them a strong warning.
5. We can learn from Para.3 that active cruelty ______.
A. is actually a sign of power or control
B. has been taken seriously in the nation
C. may lead to serious psychological problems
D. may cause acts of violence against humans
6. What is the author’s attitude towards animal cruelty?
A. Uncertain.
B. Doubtful.
C. Concerned.
D. Pessimistic.
7. The author wrote this passage to ______.
A. warn those heartless pet owners
B. tell people the harm of animal cruelty
C. explain the reasons why people harm animals
D. call on people to fight for the abused animals
C
Did you know people who live in different parts ofChinahave different habits and preferences? For example, people from southernChinaprefer to eat vegetables, while people from northChinalike to eat meat. According to a new study in a journal, gene variations (变异) might be responsible for these differences. Researchers fromChina’s BGI collected genetic information from 141,431 Chinese women, who came from 31 provinces and consisted of 36 ethnic minority groups.
They found that natural selection has played an important role in the ways that people living in different regions of China have developed, affecting their food preferences, immunities (免疫力) to illness and physical
features.
A variation of the gene FADS2 is more commonly found in northern people. It helps people metabolize (新陈代谢) fatty acids, which suggests a diet that is rich in flesh. This is due to climate differences.Northern Chinais at a higher latitude. This weather is difficult to grow vegetables in. Therefore, northerners tend to eat more meat.
The study also found differences in the immune systems of both groups. Most people in southernChinacarry the gene CR1, which protects against malaria. Malaria was once quite common in southernChina. In order to survive, the genes of people in the south evolved to fight against this disease. However, people in the south are also more sensitive to certain illnesses, as they lack the genes to stop them.
Genes can also cause physical differences between northerners and southerners. Most northerners have the ABCC11 gene, which causes dry earwax, less body smell and fewer sweats. These physical differences are also more beneficial to living in cold environments. Southerners are less likely to have this gene, as it did not develop in their population.
8. What did the new study focus on?
A. Regions.
B. Eating habits.
C. Gene variations.
D. Ethnic minority groups.
9. What is the main function of the gene FADS2?
A. It helps store fat.
B. It helps digest meat.
C. It helps gain weight.
D. It helps treat an illness.
10. According to the study, most northerners ________.
A. sweat less frequently
B. are immune to malaria
C. prefer vegetables to meat
D. are more sensitive to climates
11. How many differences did the study find related to genes?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
D
Earthquake can disrupt whales’ hunting for food for up to a year,according to a new study.
On November 14, 2016, the Kaikoura earthquake struck New Zealand’s South Island, causing a destructive tsunami. Under the surface, the earthquake caused strong currents that swept away and mostly killed off diverse ecosystems of creatures living along the Kaikoura underwater canyon.
As a result, whales had to dive deeper and longer to find food—“a major shift” in their behavior, says co-author Liz Slooten, a marine biologist at the University of Otago in New Zealand.
The impact earthquakes have on land animals has been well documented, but scientists know ly little about what happens underwater. Such research is important for government agencies, which may need to take recent earthquakes into consideration when considering fishing quotas（限额）, notes Rochelle Constantine, a marine mammal ecologist at the University of Auckland.
The canyon’s upper reaches are rich in creatures, supplying food for the fish that make up the whales’ diet. So when these smaller life forms were washed away, it had “severe consequences for the community around there”, says study co-author Will Rayment. “That effect flowed all the way through the food chain.”
As part of their ongoing study, the scientists were tracking 42 individual whales. After the earthquake, in all, the team managed to record data on 40 whales, showing that the abundance of whales in the general area didn’t change after the earthquake. However, the whales changed how they used their habitat.
A year after the earthquake, the researchers observed the whales returning to their previous surface-breathing intervals. This could have been because the communities of animals that make up the whales’ food began to recover. “It gives you an idea of how resilient（有复原力的）these deep-sea communities are,” says Rayment.
But he and his colleagues will continue long-term monitoring to see if there are effects they missed. Whale activity in the area had already been declining, though it’s unknown whether it is due to natural changes in food abundance, whale-watching tourism, fishing, or warming ocean temperatures. “There is something going on in Kaikoura,” says Rayment.
12. What happened after the Kaikoura earthquake in the Kaikoura canyon?
A. Several destructive tsunamis struck the area.
B. Whales had to swim to other oceans to find food.
C. Nearly all marine creatures in Kaikoura were killed off.
D. Strong currents washed away many smaller creatures.
13. Which is one of the findings of the study?
A. Earthquakes can make it easier for whales to find food.
B. The whales changed their habitat after the earthquake.
C. It usually takes whales a year to adapt to their new diet.
D. The number of whales in the area dropped sharply after the quake.
14. What does Rochelle Constantine think of the study?
A. It can help government agencies to make some decisions about fishing.
B. It can help government agencies to solve problems in the fishing industry.
C. It is a breakthrough in research on what happens underwater after an earthquake.
D. It offers a detailed description of the impact earthquake have on marine mammals.
15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Something is affecting the whale activity in Kaikoura.
B. Fishing quotas have been increasing in recent years.
C. The team missed some effects in the research process.
D. The scientists will continue studying earthquakes.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项As a species,ginkgo(银杏）trees, which enjoy a reputation as "The Tree that Time Forgor", have existed ly unchanged for 200 million years.While scientists have revealed the mysteries of the tree's long life, it won't help humans soon.
Scientists in China examined the genetic component of very young ginkgo trees,comparing samples between several hundred and a thousand years old.___16___The scientists also found that, unlike other plants, ginkgo genes with regard to aging do not automatically become active at a certain stage in their life cycle.___17___This explains why old ginkgo trees produce as many seeds as young ones and how they continue to grow wide for as long as they live.
Furthermore,ginkgo trees are born with protective biochemical characteristics,in the form of hormones, antioxidants, and bactericides.___18___Also, they have evolved adaptations that enable them to resist pests and climate extremes.
___19___Over time,weather and other factors limit upright growth and cause leaves to die.Yet,even as this aging occurs, the cell-reproducing system of the gingko tree remains active, maintaining healthy growth.Growth typically starts slowing down after 200 years, but the trees remain healthy.Each year, they renew their parts, adding new wood,leaves, roots, and reproductive organs.In theory,gingko trees should live forever.___20___
A. Of course,these trees do age, to some extent.
B. Their immune systems were found to be similar.
C. That is, ginkgo trees have no genetic program for death.
D. All of these strengthen their resistance to diseases and bacteria.
E. While they contain minor poison, humans still eat their fruits for health reasons.
F. However,ginkgo trees still die from pests,drought,and other damaging events.
G. They have survived some greatest catastrophes, such as the extinction of the dinosaurs.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. Turning our weaknesses into strengths makes us____21____. A 12-year-old boy, Kim overcame his weakness by unknowingly making it his___22___.
Poor Kim___23___his left arm in a terrible accident and was___24___. To cheer him up, his father made him join a Judo（柔道）club. As the boy always wanted to learn Judo, his father thought this would make him___25___.
Everyone wondered how a single-armed boy could learn Judo.___26___, the master happily accepted him. Kim practiced nothing but a single stroke（击）.He trained for all 8 months in mastering a single stroke. The boy was___27___and sometimes annoyed as his master taught him only one stroke.
Yet, he said nothing. The boy mastered the stroke and grew in confidence as___28___could do that particular stroke better. The boy was___29___by the master to compete in a Judo championship tournament Everyone___30___Kim and his master. Even the boy was not sure about why his master had chosen him.
To everyone's surprise, Kim easily___31___six competitors with his single stroke. He struggled a bit in the semi-finals but managed to win the match. Then the final match began. The opponent（对手）was very strong and the referee（裁判）___32___with Kim's master about stopping the match as he feared the opponent could___33___Kim. However, his master___34___and told Kim to continue the match. With a huge effort, Kim___35___the match.
Kim thought it was___36___and asked his master how he had become champion. His master told him “My dear boy, you learned the most___37___stroke in Judo that very few can master to perfection. If your opponent wants to beat you and___38___you from using the stroke, they should hold your left arm. This was the___39___behind your victory!'*
If the boy turned his weakness, the loss of his left arm, into such a great___40___. why can't we?
21. A. brave B. reliable C. powerful D. flexible
22. A. chance B. strength C. interest D. choice
23. A. bent B. raised C. broke D. lost
24. A. heartbroken B. impatient C. embarrassed D. angry
25. A. popular B. normal C. happy D. special
26. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Otherwise
27. A. excited B. nervous C. ambitious D. surprised
28. A. somebody B. nobody C. everybody D. anybody
29. A. taught B. picked C. forced D. paid
30. A. feared B. admired C. knew D. doubted
31. A. shook B. hurt C. beat D. hit
32. A. discussed B. competed C. agreed D. quarreled
33. A. frighten B. blame C. harm D. move
34. A. struggled B. refused C. begged D. regretted
35. A. ignored B. organized C. watched D. won
36. A. unbelievable B. strange C. unacceptable D. satisfying
37. A. suitable B. standard C. terrible D. difficult
38. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. excuse
39. A. effort B. reality C. secret D. meaning
40. A. fun B. success C. challenge D. dream
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Chinaearlier on Thursday successfully launched Tianhe from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site,___41.___(start) a series of key launch missions___42.___aim to complete the construction of the station by the end of next year.
The construction of the space station and a state-level space lab,___43.___(be) key goal to fulfilling the three strategic steps in China’s manned space program and___44.___important leading project for building China’s___45.___(strong) in science, technology and aerospace.
China’s most adventurous space attempt, the multimodule space station named Tiangong, will have three main components－a core module___46.___(attach) to two space laboratories－with a combined weight of nearly 70 tons. The core capsule, named Tianhe, is 16. 6 meters long___47.___has a diameter(直径) of 4. 2 meters. The craft’s weight is equal___48.___the combined weight of 15 standard-size automobiles.
The capsule will be___49.___(centre) to the space station’s future operations, given that astronauts will live there and control the entire station from inside. It will____50.____(use) to host scientific and technological experiments too. The entire station is expected to become fully operational around the end of 2022 and is set to work for about 15 years.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1 ,每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

This year, our school call on us students tomake good use of our time and do socially practice in the holiday. I found a job in the small restaurant. I thought it would be easy, so actually it turned out to be hard. I spent on the whole morning washing dishes and setting tables. I didn't have lunch until 2:00 pm. After lunch, I immediately set out to work again, do the same things until 11:00 pm. I worked more than ten hour every day! However, after days of work, you have come to understand the value of hard work. I've also realized what difficult it is for my parents to support our family. Therefore, I am now determined study hard to repay my parents.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

A city child’s summer is spent in the street in front of his home, and all through the long summer vacations I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball. I was never asked to take part，even when one team had a member missing — not out of special cruelty, but because theytook it for granted I would be no good at it. They were right, of course.
I will never forget the wonderful evening when something changed. The baseball ended when it grew dark. Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a little stoop (门廊) that stuck out (突出)from the candy store. There the boys would sit, mostly talking about the games played during the day and of the game to be played tomorrow. Suddenly, one of the boys raised a question to me. “What’s in those books you’re always reading?” he asked casually. “Stories,” I answered. “What kind?” asked somebody else without much interest.
Nor did I know what drove me to behave as I did, for usually I just sat there in silence;but this time I told them for two hours about the story Iwas reading at the moment. The book wasSister Carrie. They listened, bug-eyed and breathless. I must have told it well, but I thought there was another and deeper reason that made themkeep an audience. I was offering them a new and exciting experience, one that they didn’t know existed.
The books they themselves read were the ones I had long left behind. Being alone so much, I had become an
enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books-for-boys series. In those days there was no reading material between children’s and grownups’. I had gone right fromTom Swift and His FlyingLabto Theodore Dreiser andSister Carrie. Dreiser had hit my young mind, and they listened to me tell the storywith some of the wonder that I had had in reading it.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The next night and many nights thereafter, a kind of unspoken ritual(仪式)took place.________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________
I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____
参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. D
8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B
12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A
16. B 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. F
21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. C 32.
A 33. C 34.
B 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. A 39.
C 40. B
41. starting
42. which/that
43. is 44. an
45. strength
46. attached
47. and 48. to
49. central
50. be used
51.(1). call→called (2). socially→social (3). the→a (4). so→but (5). 删除spent后on (6).do→doing (7). hour→hours (8).you→I (9). what→how (10). determined后加to
52.略。