高考英语大一轮增分计划之语法专项提升讲义:专题八.docx

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情态动词的基本用法
1.shall
(1)用在第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见。

►Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?
明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗?
(2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、许诺、决心等,意为“必须”。

►The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.
学校制度规定,除非有成人陪同,任何孩子不准离开学校。

2.should
(1)表示责任、义务、劝告、建议,意为“(按道理)应该”。

►You should listen to your doctor's advice.
你应该听医生的建议。

(2)表示出乎意料的语气,意为“竟然,居然”。

►I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.
我很惊讶你居然用那种口气说话。

3.must
(1)表示“必须,应该”,语气强烈。

强调主观看法,只有现在时形式,否定式是must not(mustn't),表示“禁止”。

must开头的问句,其否定回答要用needn't或don't have to来表达。

►—Must I hand in the paper today?
——我今天必须交作业吗?
—Yes, you must.
——是的,你必须交。

—No, you needn't/don't have to.
——不,你不需要。

(2)表示推测,意为“一定”,用于肯定句。

►At 29 Russell must be one of the youngest ever international referees.
29岁的拉塞尔想必是迄今为止最年轻的国际裁判之一。

(3)表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事,意为“偏要,非要……不可”。

►Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?
为什么在别人正学习的时候,你非得这么大声说话呢?
4.can与could
(1)表示能力(could常用于表示过去的能力)。

►No one could answer this challenging questions.
没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。

(2)表示客观或理论上的可能性。

►It can be very hot here in summer.
这里夏天有时会很热。

(3)表示请求或允许。

在疑问句中could可以代替can,语气更委婉。

►Can I have a word with you? It won't be long.
我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花很长时间的。

(4)表示推测,意为“可能”,用于否定句和疑问句。

can比could语气强。

►He can't be our manager. The manager has gone to Beijing.
他不可能是我们经理。

我们经理已经去北京了。

(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。

►How could you do such a silly thing?
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?
(6)can的特殊用法。

can but只有;can't but不得不;cannot...too/enough 再……也不为过,越……越好。

►You can't be too careful while driving.
(=You can't be careful enough while driving.)
开车时你越小心越好。

5.may与might
(1)表示请求、许可,might比may的语气更委婉。

►—May I watch TV now?
——我现在可以看电视吗?
—Yes, you can.(Yes, please.)
——是的,你可以。

—No, you mustn't.(No, you'd better not.)
——不,你不可以。

(不,你最好别看。

)
(2)表示推测,意为“或许,可能”,主要用于陈述句(肯定句或否定句),疑问句用can 代替。

might比may语气弱。

►The story may not be true.
这个故事可能不是真的。

(3)表示祝愿(不用might)。

►May you succeed!
祝你成功!
(4)may/might as well最好还是……,不妨。

►You may as well do it at once.
你最好马上就做这件事。

6.will与would
(1)表示请求、建议,常用于第二人称,would比will委婉。

►Will/Would you please go with me?
请您跟我一起走好吗?
(2)表示意愿、决定、允许。

►I will never do that again.
我再也不会那样做了。

(3)表示过去的习惯性动作或某种倾向,意为“总是”,通常用于第三人称。

►He would get up early when he lived in the country.
过去生活在农村时他常常早起。

7.need
表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。

在肯定句中,常用must 和have to代替。

►—Need I tell him everything that's happened to his parents?
——我有必要告诉他有关他父母发生的一切吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
——是的,必须。

/不,没必要。

【注意】need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称和数的变化,后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语。

►You don't need to hand in your compositions today.
你们今天不必交作文。

8.dare
表示“敢”,通常用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中,一般不用于肯定句。

I dare say 是习惯说法,意为“我想;大概”。

►I dare not face the danger bravely.
我不敢勇敢地面对危险。

【注意】dare作实义动词时,在肯定句中要接to,在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。

►He dares to catch a snake.
他敢捉蛇。

►I do not dare (to) complain.
我不敢抱怨。

9.ought to
表示义务和责任,意为“应该”,语气比should强。

►You ought to take care of yourself.
你应该照顾好自己。

表示推测的情态动词用法比较
情态动词适用句式适用时态意义
“情态动词+have done”表示过去已/应发生的事
1.could have done用于肯定句,表示“本来可以做某事,而实际上未做”,用疑问或否定形式对过去发生的行为表示推测,can't have done 多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。

►The accident could have been avoided.
这场事故本来是可以避免的。

2.may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”。

might 所表示的可能性比较小,语气较委婉。

此外might have done 可以表示“本可能做某事而实际上未做”。

►—I can't find my purse anywhere.
——我到处都不能找到我的钱包。

—You may have lost it while shopping.
——你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。

3.must have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定,想必”,语气十分肯定。

►It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了,因为地面是湿的。

4.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时,表示“过去本该做某事,而实际上未做”;shouldn't have done/oughtn't to have done则表示“过去不该做某事反而做了”(有批评,责备之意)。

►I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn't have eaten so much fried chicken just now.
我现在觉得胃不舒服,我刚才本不应该吃那么多的炸鸡。

5.needn't have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。

►I actually needn't have bought so much wine—only three people came.
其实我本没必要买这么多酒,只来了三个人。

非真实条件句的虚拟语气
1.if条件句
若条件句中有were, had, should时,可以把if省略,而把were, had, should 放在主语前,形成倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。

►Were I you, I would stay.
倘若我是你,我就留下。

►Should I be free tomorrow, I would come.
如果我明天有空,我就会来。

►Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格了。

3.错综时间条件句
有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致,此时,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。

►If you had worked hard, you would be sitting comfortably in an office now.
如果你努力工作了,你现在就会舒服地坐在办公室里。

(从句指过去,主句指现在) 4.含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来,而是通过词、短语(常见的有:without, but for, in case, for fear that, otherwise, supposing等)或上下文来暗示,此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。

►Without electricity (=If there were no electricity), life would be quite different today.
如果没有电,今天的生活就会完全不同。

►But for your help, it would have caused a serious loss.
要不是你的帮助,那将会造成巨大的损失。

名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.表示建议、命令、愿望等词相关的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
形式为:(should+)动词原形。

常这样用的动词有:suggest建议;advise劝告;propose 建议;recommend推荐,劝告,建议;demand要求;desire渴望;insist坚持,坚决要求;prefer宁愿;urge主张;request要求;require要求;order命令;command命令,以及这些词的名词形式。

►Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention (should) be discussed at the
meeting.
约翰逊先生坚决要求应在会议上讨论这个值得注意的问题。

【注意】 ①suggest 作“表明;暗示”讲时,其从句不虚拟。

⎩⎪⎨⎪

物+suggest (表明;暗示)+that 从句(不虚拟)人+suggest (建议)+that 从句[要虚拟,用(should +)动词 原形]
►Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,她父母建议她做一个体检。

②insist 作“坚持,坚决要求”讲,其从句要虚拟(should +动词原形);insist 作“坚持说,坚持认为”讲,其从句不虚拟。

►The young man insisted that he didn't steal the money and that he (should) be set free right away.
那个年轻人坚持说他没有偷钱,并坚决要求立即释放他。

2. wish 后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⎩⎪⎨⎪

表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish +主语+动词过去式或were 表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish +主语+had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish +主语+would +动词原形
►I wish she were here. 她在这儿就好了。

►I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。

►I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天跟我们一块去就好了。

3.主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达惊讶、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should +)动词原形。

主句中的谓语动词形式不限。

常用的句型有:
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
It's +adj .(如:necessary , important , natural , essential ,curious 等) +that 从句[从句中常用(should +)动词原形]
It is suggested/requested/proposed +that 从句[从句中常用 (should +)动词原形]
►It's important that we (should) learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。

►It's suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.
有人建议会议推迟到下星期。

其他句型中的虚拟语气
1.would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”。

(对现在和将来的愿望用一般过去时;对过去的愿望用过去完成时)
►I'd rather we didn't go to see a film this evening.
我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。

►I'd rather you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把书还了。

2.It is (high/about) time (that)...句型中的虚拟语气
在句型“It is (high/about) time (that)...”的后面也可跟虚拟语气,从句中谓语动词常用过去式。

有时也用“should+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”,should在此不能省略。

►It is time (that) we went home.
我们该回家了。

比较:It's the first time (that) I have had such a wonderful meal.
It was the second time (that) you had broken the window.
(当time前有序数词时,后面从句用完成时。

)
3.if only引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气
在if only引导的感叹句中,要求用虚拟语气表示愿望。

用过去式或“would/could+动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

►If only I were a bird!
要是我是一只鸟该多好啊!
►If only I had not been ill last week!
要是上周我没病该多好啊!
4.as if/as though从句中的虚拟语气
as if/as though从句在以下三种情况下使用虚拟语气:与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;与现在事实相反,用一般过去时;与将来事实相反,用过去将来时。

►When Mary met Tom in the street, she pretended as if she hadn't seen him.
当玛丽在街上遇到汤姆,她假装好像没有看见他。

5.过去完成时had meant/wanted/intended/planned to do sth表示“过去原本打算做某事,但实际上没做成”。

►I had meant to help you, but I got caught in the traffic.
我本打算帮你,但我堵车了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.—It's eight o'clock already. Jack should be here by now.
—Oh, he told me that he was going to see his dentist and wouldn't be back until ten.
解析句意:——已经8点钟了。

杰克现在应该到了。

——哦,他告诉我他要去看牙医,在10点以前是不会回来的。

should有“根据情理或常理推断某事应该发生”之意。

2.Jack, take more clothes when going camping. It can/must/may/might be very cold in the mountains.
解析句意:杰克,去野营时要多带衣服。

山上会/一定/可能很冷。

can可以用来表示客观可能性。

must/may/might都可以用在肯定句中表示推测。

3.Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to (should)_be_underlined(underline) before class.
解析句意:我们老师坚持要在课前将需要注意的关键词画线。

insist后面宾语从句中的谓语动词应是“should+动词原形”,其中,should可以省略;words与underline是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。

4.If Jim had_been(be) more independent, his parents' divorce would not have affected him as deeply.
解析句意:如果吉姆当时更加独立一些,他父母离婚就不会如此深刻地影响他。

表示对过去事实的假设,从句用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用“would+have+过去分词”。

5.If the dog hadn't woken us, we wouldn't have noticed the fire and it might/could/would_have_spread(spread) to the house next door.
解析句意:如果当时不是这只狗把我们弄醒,我们就不会注意到火,那么大火就可能会蔓延到隔壁的房子。

前半句是虚拟,后半句是对过去可能发生之事的推测。

从句用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用“would+have+过去分词”。

6.It is required that all traffic participants (should)_observe(observe) the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.
解析句意:所有交通参与者都应遵守交通规则,让交通更安全、更顺畅。

require后面名词性从句里的谓语动词应是“should+动词原形”,其中should可以省略。

本句中that 后的主语从句是真正的主语,而句首的it是形式主语。

7.After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes as long as an hour, thinking of her young and happy days.
解析句意:晚饭后她总会在火旁坐下来,有时长达一个小时,想着她那些朝气蓬勃、
无忧无虑的日子。

would表示过去经常发生的动作。

8.—Most students went to the party yesterday.It is a pity that you were absent.
—I wish I had(have). But I was terribly busy.
解析句意:——大多数学生参加了昨天的聚会,遗憾的是你缺席了。

——我也希望我能参加啊,但我太忙了。

wish宾语从句对过去情况的虚拟用“had+过去分词”,此处意为:I wish I had gone to the party yesterday,为了简洁,谓语(除了助动词had)和时间状语被省略了。

9.The job position in the advertisement demands that the applicant (should)_have(have) at least 8 years of working experience.
解析句意:广告中的职位要求申请人至少有8年的工作经验。

主句中有谓语动词demands,其后的从句中谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。

10.Our parents and teachers often tell us that we can't be careful enough no matter what we do.
解析句意:我们的父母和老师经常告诉我们:无论我们做什么,我们怎么小心也不过分。

cannot...enough+to do...越……就越好;怎么……也不过分。

11.—Jack fell off the ladder yesterday, but he is all right now.
—What a lucky dog! He could_have_injured(injure) himself badly.
解析句意:——杰克昨天从梯子上摔了下来,但是现在没事了。

——真幸运!他本可能摔得很严重的。

根据but he is all right now可知,答句是一个虚拟语气句;根据句意可知,此处是对过去事实的推测,故用“情态动词+have done”。

12.If Rose hadn't lost her left leg in the accident last year, she wouldn't_sit(sit) in the wheelchair now.
解析句意:如果罗茜没有在去年的事故中失去左腿,那她现在也就不会坐在轮椅上了。

整个句子属于错综时间条件句,从句与过去事实相反;根据时间状语now可知,主句与现在事实相反,因此答案为wouldn't sit。

13.It can't(can) be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
解析句意:因为你已经掌握了很多单词,所以,造成你练习中出现问题的因素不可能是词汇。

can't是语气非常肯定的推测。

14.Maybe if I had_studied(study) science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
解析句意:如果当时我学习的是理科而不是文科的话,那么我(现在)就可以给你更多的帮助了。

根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反,故if引导的从句中谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。

15.—Colin failed in his attempt to win a prize in the speech contest.
—I wish he practiced(practice) his speaking skills for the coming Creativity English Competition.
解析句意:——柯林未能在演讲比赛中获奖。

——我希望他在为即将到来的创新英语大赛练习演讲技能。

wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气形式,说话者希望他现在为即将来临的比赛作准备了,故用“wish+主语+过去式”表示对现在情况的虚拟。

16.—How did you do in the test?
—Not so well. I could_have_done(do) much better but I misread the directions for Part D.
解析句意:——你考试怎么样?——不太好。

我本能够做得更好的,但我读错了D部分的说明。

could have done表示“本来有可能做某事而事实上未做到”。

17.What would have happened if the thief had_entered(enter) the house, without being noticed?
解析句意:要是贼进了房子而没被发现,那将会怎样呢?根据题干中would have happened可知,本句话是对过去的事情的虚拟,故if从句谓语动词应用“had+过去分词”。

18.She would be much healthier now had she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young.
解析句意:要不是她年轻时在工作上给自己施加那么大压力,现在她的身体会好很多。

根据句意可知,从句部分是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语动词应为“had+过去分词”形式,本句中将if省略了,had提到主语前,故空处填had。

19.It is recommended that you (should)_book(book) your accommodation in advance in tourist season, as you may find all the best hotels are not accessible.
解析句意:推荐您在旅游季提前预定住宿,因为您可能会发现所有最好的酒店都已经住满了。

recommend, suggest等表示建议、要求和命令等词的从句谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,should可省略。

20.I'm as busy as a bee; must you bother me with so many questions now?
解析句意:我现在像蜜蜂一样忙碌,你偏偏要拿这么多问题来烦我吗?must常可用来表示“令人不快的事”,意为“偏偏要……”。

21.But for your timely warning, we would_have_got(get) into great trouble.
解析句意:要不是你及时提醒,我们就会陷入大麻烦了。

本句包含含蓄条件的虚拟语气,它表示的条件不是通过if条件句表示出来,而是通过介词短语but for (要不是,如果没有……)表示出来的;根据句意可知是对过去事实的虚拟,故主句使用“would+have done”。

22.It was snowing heavily, or they would/could_have_arrived(arrive) at the train station to receive their cousins.
解析句意:雪下得很大,要不然他们已经到达火车站来接他们的表(堂)兄弟姐妹了。

or否则,要不然,此句中表示含蓄虚拟语气。

由前半句中的was可知,此句表示对过去事实的虚拟,故后半句中谓语动词用“情态动词+have done”。

23.It's a pity that you were late, otherwise you would/could_have_seen(see) the film star Rain from Korea.
解析句意:很可惜,你迟到了,否则你就会/可能看到来自韩国的电影明星Rain了。

根据otherwise可知,此处是含蓄的虚拟语气。

根据were可知,此处表示对过去事实的虚拟,主句谓语动词应用“would/could+have done”。

24.If he had_listened(listen) to the teacher attentively in the past year, he would_know(know) the answer to the question now.
解析句意:如果在过去的一年里他认真听老师讲课了,那么他现在就知道这个问题的答案了。

从in the past year 判断前面条件状语从句是对过去事实进行假设,应该用过去完成时;而后面主句中的now则提示应该是对现在事实的虚拟,故用“would+动词原形”。

25.We would rather our daughter stayed(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
解析句意:我们宁愿我们的女儿待在家里,但是这是她的选择,她已经不再是孩子了。

would rather后面的从句要使用虚拟语气。

如果从句表示与现在或将来事实相反,要用一般过去时;如果与过去事实相反,要用过去完成时。

根据句意可知是与现在事实相反,故用一般过去时。

26.It is high time that you considered/should_consider(consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve little.
解析句意:到了你该考虑这样一个问题的时候了——如果你的生活中没有压力,你就不会有什么成就。

在it is (high/about) time that...结构中,从句谓语动词应用过去式或“should +动词原形”,其中should不可以省略。

27.Should it rain tomorrow, we would_cancel(cancel) the football match.
解析句意:如果明天下雨,我们就取消足球比赛。

根据从句的should it...可知,这是和将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,故主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。

28.To my surprise, some of my students should stay up to study for the coming examination.
解析句意:令我惊奇的是,我的一些学生为了即将到来的考试居然熬夜学习。

should 可用来表示惊讶的语气,意为“居然,竟然”。

29.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done(do) it?
解析句意:打破窗户的是约翰,为什么你和我说话时就好像是我打破了窗户一样。

根据前一句中的was可知,打破窗户是过去发生的事情,所以此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故使用过去完成时。

30.—You failed to pass the English test again, didn't you?
—Yeah, if only I had_worked(work) harder at school!
解析句意:——你的英语考试又没有通过,是吗?——是的。

我要是在学校学习更努力些就好了。

根据句意可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,if only结构中谓语动词应用“had +过去分词”。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1.—Mary, now you have a chance to study in Singapore for a year as an exchange student. Are you interested?
—May
that be true? Of course I'll go.
Can
解析句意:——玛丽,现在你有机会作为交换生到新加坡学习一年。

你感兴趣吗?——这是真的吗?我当然会去。

may用在疑问句中表示“许可”;can用在疑问句中表示“惊讶”,意为“怎么能;究竟”。

greet me first though I was younger than her.
2.Whenever we met, Lily could
would
解析句意:每次我们见面,莉莉都会先问候我,虽然我比她小。

would表示过去的习惯性动作,意为“过去常常”,现在可能会继续下去。

3.According to the school rules, no student will
go out of the school after eleven o'clock
shall
pm.
解析句意:根据校规,学生不得在晚上11点钟后到校外去。

shall用于第二、三人称的肯定句中时,可表示“规定,命令”等。

have stayed in the city for a 4.He chose to teach in a western province, though he would
could
better life.
解析句意:虽然他可以在城市过更好的生活,但他却选择到西部一个省份支教。

could have done表示“本来有可能做某事而事实上未做”。

there 5.There is a possibility that these hens could be frightened and lay fewer eggs would
should
be a sudden loud noise.
解析句意:如果突然有很大的噪音,这些母鸡有可能会因受到惊吓而少下蛋。

在if引导的虚拟条件句中,如果从句里有should, were, had这三个动词,可将if省略,使用倒装,因此,题干的后半句可以看作是:if there should be a sudden loud noise。

it have been the failure to pick up directions from the ground control that caused the
6.Would
Could
air crash?
解析句意:此次空难可能是因为飞机无法接收地面控制中心的指令造成的吗?本句是强调句的疑问句形式,“it could have been”是强调句结构中“it be”的变体形式。

由句意可知,此处表示对过去事实的推测,故应将would改为could,表示“可能”。

7.—I am worn out now. I stayed up last night to finish the report.
—Oh? You wouldn't
have. The professor asked us to hand it in next week.
needn't
解析句意:——我现在疲惫不堪,为了完成报告我昨晚熬夜了。

——哦?你没有必要这样做,教授要求我们下周交。

needn't have done表示“本没必要做某事而实际上做了”。

8.—I've told Nancy many times about the meeting, but she still forgot it!
—I understand. Actually, anyone must
be very forgetful at times.
can
解析句意:——我多次告诉南希关于会议的事情,但她还是忘了!——我了解。

事实上,任何人偶尔都会遗忘。

can可用来表示客观可能性。

9.—I had thought he would be nervous in this speech competition, but he turned out to be calm.
—He should
have done quite enough preparation for it.
must
解析句意:——我原以为他在这场演讲比赛中会紧张,但他很冷静。

——他一定是做了足够的准备。

must have done表示对已发生之事语气很肯定地推测;should have done表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做”。

10.—I wonder if I can board the plane with this return ticket.
—There shall
be no problem. Your ticket is valid until the end of this month.
should
解析句意:——我想知道我是否可以用这张回程机票登机。

——应该没有问题。

你的票直到这个月底都是有效的。

should有“根据情理或常理来判断某事应该发生”之意。

breakfast regularly.
11.In a word, every student should had
have
解析句意:总之,每个学生都应该按时吃早饭。

情态动词后需加动词原形。

12.It is hard to say what kind of person he is. Sometimes he is very friendly; at other times he must
be very cold.
can/may
解析句意:很难说他是什么样的人;有时他很友好,有时他很冷淡。

can用来强调此人表现出冷淡性格的客观可能性;may表推测,更强调这种表现的不确定性。

13.I was delighted and was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first went
go to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.
解析句意:我非常高兴,刚要接受她的提议,这时她建议我们先去西湖游览断桥。

suggest 表示“建议”后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气并且谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。

14.The house was in such a mess—it looked as though a bomb have
been dropped on it.
had
解析句意:房子里面乱七八糟,看上去好像落过一颗炸弹。

当as though后面的从句表
示与过去事实相反的假设时,从句谓语动词用“had +过去分词”。

15.No one will can/could
be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
解析 句意:没有人能比他更慷慨了,他拥有一颗金子般的心。

can't /couldn't...more 表示最高级的意思。

no one 本身就表示否定,故用can/could 的肯定形式。

16.They are brothers, but they do not always agree with each other as they can should
. Quarrels
break out now and then.
解析 句意:他们是兄弟,但是他们却并不像本来应该的那样志同道合。

争吵时常发生。

should 表示“按理说应当”。

17.—What does the notice on the wall say?
—No person must shall
take books out of the reading room, otherwise he would be fined.
解析 句意:——墙上的通知说什么了?——任何人不得把书拿出阅览室,否则,他将被罚款。

must 表示“禁止”时,只可用于否定句中;shall 用在第二、三人称的肯定句时,可表示“规定;警告;威胁”等。

18.—What do you think of your winning the game?
—On the one hand, I am proud of it; but on the other hand, I feel I must could
have done it better.
解析 句意:——赢得这场比赛你感觉如何?——一方面,我感到骄傲;但另一方面,我觉得我本能够做得更好。

could have done 表示“本来有可能做某事而事实上未做”。

19.There is plenty of time for you to think about it carefully, so you mustn't needn't
rush now.
Should you change your mind, please keep me informed.
解析 句意:你有充足的时间来仔细考虑它,所以你现在不必匆忙。

你如果想改变主意,请通知我。

needn't do 相当于don't have to do, 意思是“没有必要做……”;第二句中的should 有虚拟的意思,即if you should do...。

20.A few years ago I might could
afford to bring my wife to this place for dinner.
解析 句意:几年前我还能负担得起带我妻子来此处吃晚餐。

might 也许,可能;can/could 表示说话人“能,可以”以及“客观条件许可”。

由时间状语可知应用could 。

21.If it rains rained /tomorrow, we would will/shall
have to put off the visit to the Yellow Crane Tower.
解析 句意:如果明天下雨,我们就不得不推迟参观黄鹤楼。

根据would have to put off the visit 可判断,从句是对将来情况的虚拟,故从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用过去式。

此处也可以不用虚拟语气,即明天真的下雨,则主句应使用一般将来时。

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