中考英语总复习 题型专项复习 题型四 阅读理解课件
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autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year.
第六页，共三十二页。
•Thousands of people came to the town to
福建题型四 阅读(yuèdú)理解
第一页，共三十二页。
类型一 选择型阅读理解(lǐjiě)
一、阅读理解“三步”定位法 第一步 看题干，定位题干关键词
先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。
第二页，共三十二页。
第二步 读文章，一次定位找原文
带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子 ，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。
第十八页，共三十二页。
•What's the main idea of this passage? A．Schools will go electronic.
B．Computers will be important.
C．There will be robot teachers. D．Teachers will communicate with the students' parents through email.
第三步 回看题，连线解读定答案 细读(xìdú)题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准 连线，锁定答案。
第三页，共三十二页。
二、具体解题技巧
1．细节理解(lǐjiě)题
多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对
文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，
难度较小，但所占的比例最大，一般占总分值的 60%～85%。常见的设题方式有：用what, where, which,
第十五页，共三十二页。
4．主旨大意题 考查考生对短文整体的理解(lǐjiě)概括能力。常见的提问方式有 ：(1) What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? (2) The author is mainly concerned with... (3) What does the passage mainly discuss? (4) The passage is mainly about... (5)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
3．词义猜测题
该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础(jīchǔ)上，对某单词或短语进 行合理猜测。做题时可结合构词法、语法及相关知识积累进行 猜测。 A serious sandstorm(沙尘暴) has hit Beijing, together with five to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday.
A．enjoy Grandma's food B．sell and buy things C．learn to cook D．have a big party
at the fair.
第七页，共三十二页。
【解析】 由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了在集市 (jíshì)上买东西，故选B。
第八页，共三十二页。
第十四页，共三十二页。
•What does “enveloped” mean in this passage? A．信封 B．遮盖 C．刮走 D．灰尘
【解析】 由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法可知envelop 在此是一个动词，排除A、D；再结合生活(shēnghuó)常识可判断，此处 envelop是表示“遮盖”之意，故选B。
little boy is .
A．silly
B．strict
C．friendly
D．strongminded
第十二页，共三十二页。
【解析】 由本段倒数第二句可知，那些(nàxiē)年纪大一些的男孩 嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们觉得 小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。
第十三页，共三e/paragraph/passage implies that...； (4) By saying..., the author means...; (5)What can we infer from the...; (6)At the end of the passage the writer
第二十一页，共三十二页。
•When finishing school studies, the writer was about . A．14 B．16 C．18 D．21 【解析】 作者14岁因绘画获奖，18岁进入美术学校，毕业(bìyè)时 一定在18岁以上，故选D。
第二十二页，共三十二页。
6．代词指代题 考查考生结合前后文理解文章的能力(nénglì)，通常代词指代的内容 在前文会提到。 (2016·江西中考)Carlton started wearing glasses when he was twelve. He dyed(给……染色) his hair red when he was 18. It is still
red, and this year, for the first time, he has grown a beard. “My wife likes it, that's why” is his explanation. But his beard is black.
第二十三页，共三十二页。
•What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
第十九页，共三十二页。
【解析】 第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展(kuòzhǎn)和论述， 故选A。
第二十页，共三十二页。
5．数字(shùzì)推算题 要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school four years later...When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become a fulltime painter.
excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left.
第十一页，共三十二页。
•It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the
第十七页，共三十二页。
Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students' library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students' parents through email.
尾句；
(3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的观点 。
第五页，共三十二页。
(温州中考(zhōnɡ kǎo))I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in
South Canada, where in my father's words for the seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fairtime and Winter！” At that time, a weeklong fair(集市) was held in the town every
suggests...；(7) From the second example we can infer that...；(8) It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that...
第十页，共三十二页。
(山西(shān xī)中考)One day, a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered
2．推理判断题 一般说来主要有：对细节(xìjié)的推理判断、对某个问题或某一 部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态 度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有： (1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that...；(2)We
can learn form the sentence/paragraph/passage that...;
why, who, how等疑问词进行提问；用according to...开头，
第四页，共三十二页。
后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等 的设题方式；以...because的提问方式等。
解答这类题要学会以下技巧： (1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容，可以直接搜寻； (2)细读(xìdú)文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结
第二十六页，共三十二页。
1．并列(bìngliè)关系指句与句之间处于平等并列(bìngliè)的地位，互不相 属，只是组合起来，共同说明一个话题。表达并列关系的
常用连词和副词有and, at the same time等。
2．顺序关系指构成语段的各个句子只能按事物的发展过 程由先而后的顺序排列，不可以随便改动次序。表达顺序
A．Carlton's hair.
B．Carlton's beard.
C．Carlton's coat.
D. Carlton's company.
第二十四页，共三十二页。
【答案及解析(jiě xī)】 B 通过上文他也有胡子了，可以判断后面他妻子 喜欢的是他的胡子，故选B。
第二十五页，共三十二页。
类型二 还原型阅读理解
还原型阅读理解要求考生阅读短文，从文后所给的句子中选出适当的填 入文中。还原型阅读理解主要考查考生对短文整体结构的驾驭能力，是 否能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序以及段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。 此处所指各句子之间的逻辑关系，可分为：并列、顺序、递进、转折、 总分、解释(jiěshì)、因果等关系。
第十六页，共三十二页。
解答该类题目时可注意以下几点： (1)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主
旨；(2)有些文章的中心思想贯穿(guànchuān)全文，建议最后做此 类题
目，因为做完其他题目后， 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的
把握；(3)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复
出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词。
第六页，共三十二页。
•Thousands of people came to the town to
福建题型四 阅读(yuèdú)理解
第一页，共三十二页。
类型一 选择型阅读理解(lǐjiě)
一、阅读理解“三步”定位法 第一步 看题干，定位题干关键词
先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。
第二页，共三十二页。
第二步 读文章，一次定位找原文
带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子 ，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。
第十八页，共三十二页。
•What's the main idea of this passage? A．Schools will go electronic.
B．Computers will be important.
C．There will be robot teachers. D．Teachers will communicate with the students' parents through email.
第三步 回看题，连线解读定答案 细读(xìdú)题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准 连线，锁定答案。
第三页，共三十二页。
二、具体解题技巧
1．细节理解(lǐjiě)题
多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对
文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，
难度较小，但所占的比例最大，一般占总分值的 60%～85%。常见的设题方式有：用what, where, which,
第十五页，共三十二页。
4．主旨大意题 考查考生对短文整体的理解(lǐjiě)概括能力。常见的提问方式有 ：(1) What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? (2) The author is mainly concerned with... (3) What does the passage mainly discuss? (4) The passage is mainly about... (5)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
3．词义猜测题
该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础(jīchǔ)上，对某单词或短语进 行合理猜测。做题时可结合构词法、语法及相关知识积累进行 猜测。 A serious sandstorm(沙尘暴) has hit Beijing, together with five to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday.
A．enjoy Grandma's food B．sell and buy things C．learn to cook D．have a big party
at the fair.
第七页，共三十二页。
【解析】 由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了在集市 (jíshì)上买东西，故选B。
第八页，共三十二页。
第十四页，共三十二页。
•What does “enveloped” mean in this passage? A．信封 B．遮盖 C．刮走 D．灰尘
【解析】 由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法可知envelop 在此是一个动词，排除A、D；再结合生活(shēnghuó)常识可判断，此处 envelop是表示“遮盖”之意，故选B。
little boy is .
A．silly
B．strict
C．friendly
D．strongminded
第十二页，共三十二页。
【解析】 由本段倒数第二句可知，那些(nàxiē)年纪大一些的男孩 嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们觉得 小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。
第十三页，共三e/paragraph/passage implies that...； (4) By saying..., the author means...; (5)What can we infer from the...; (6)At the end of the passage the writer
第二十一页，共三十二页。
•When finishing school studies, the writer was about . A．14 B．16 C．18 D．21 【解析】 作者14岁因绘画获奖，18岁进入美术学校，毕业(bìyè)时 一定在18岁以上，故选D。
第二十二页，共三十二页。
6．代词指代题 考查考生结合前后文理解文章的能力(nénglì)，通常代词指代的内容 在前文会提到。 (2016·江西中考)Carlton started wearing glasses when he was twelve. He dyed(给……染色) his hair red when he was 18. It is still
red, and this year, for the first time, he has grown a beard. “My wife likes it, that's why” is his explanation. But his beard is black.
第二十三页，共三十二页。
•What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
第十九页，共三十二页。
【解析】 第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展(kuòzhǎn)和论述， 故选A。
第二十页，共三十二页。
5．数字(shùzì)推算题 要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school four years later...When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become a fulltime painter.
excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left.
第十一页，共三十二页。
•It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the
第十七页，共三十二页。
Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students' library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students' parents through email.
尾句；
(3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的观点 。
第五页，共三十二页。
(温州中考(zhōnɡ kǎo))I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in
South Canada, where in my father's words for the seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fairtime and Winter！” At that time, a weeklong fair(集市) was held in the town every
suggests...；(7) From the second example we can infer that...；(8) It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that...
第十页，共三十二页。
(山西(shān xī)中考)One day, a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered
2．推理判断题 一般说来主要有：对细节(xìjié)的推理判断、对某个问题或某一 部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态 度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有： (1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that...；(2)We
can learn form the sentence/paragraph/passage that...;
why, who, how等疑问词进行提问；用according to...开头，
第四页，共三十二页。
后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等 的设题方式；以...because的提问方式等。
解答这类题要学会以下技巧： (1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容，可以直接搜寻； (2)细读(xìdú)文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结
第二十六页，共三十二页。
1．并列(bìngliè)关系指句与句之间处于平等并列(bìngliè)的地位，互不相 属，只是组合起来，共同说明一个话题。表达并列关系的
常用连词和副词有and, at the same time等。
2．顺序关系指构成语段的各个句子只能按事物的发展过 程由先而后的顺序排列，不可以随便改动次序。表达顺序
A．Carlton's hair.
B．Carlton's beard.
C．Carlton's coat.
D. Carlton's company.
第二十四页，共三十二页。
【答案及解析(jiě xī)】 B 通过上文他也有胡子了，可以判断后面他妻子 喜欢的是他的胡子，故选B。
第二十五页，共三十二页。
类型二 还原型阅读理解
还原型阅读理解要求考生阅读短文，从文后所给的句子中选出适当的填 入文中。还原型阅读理解主要考查考生对短文整体结构的驾驭能力，是 否能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序以及段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。 此处所指各句子之间的逻辑关系，可分为：并列、顺序、递进、转折、 总分、解释(jiěshì)、因果等关系。
第十六页，共三十二页。
解答该类题目时可注意以下几点： (1)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主
旨；(2)有些文章的中心思想贯穿(guànchuān)全文，建议最后做此 类题
目，因为做完其他题目后， 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的
把握；(3)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复
出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词。