山东(肥城市)2022高考英语阅读理解(一轮)精选精练题含答案

山东（肥城市）2022高考英语阅读理解（一轮）精选精练题含答案
（2021高考选练题）
Many of the wor ld’s c ountries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG).Nearly all such lands are economically well developed.They include much of Europe (including Russia)，the United States，Canada，Japan and Australia.As the rate of natural increase (RNI) declines，two things happen.First，the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration.Second，a country’s population ages because there are fewer births.
Is achieving ZPG good or bad？What happens when a country’s population begins to drop？Many people，after all，believe that population decline is a good thing.But is it good for everyone？Does everyone agree?
An aging population can create many problems.Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention.Rather than paying into retirement programs，they begin to draw from their pensions.In the US，the Social Security program，according to many experts，will be used up by 2022.It will pay out more money than it takes in.Additionally，a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or able to do them.Many of these jobs are entry-level positions that pay low wages.With an aging population，who will fill them？At the other extreme，some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills.Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?
The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration.Today many people，particularly those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment.Many are willing to take jobs that cannot (or will not) be filled by the domestic population.Others are well educated and highly skilled.Both groups contribute to a country’s economy progress in many ways.Fu rther，they add to the richness of a country’s culture.Of greatest importance，perhaps，is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands.As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a win-win situation.
1.In the writer’s view，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good.
B.Achieving ZPG is every country’s aim in spite of its side effects.
C.Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens.
D.Achieving ZPG is good for employment.
答案 C
解析推理推断题。

依据文章第三段的前两句话“An aging population can create many problems.Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention.”可推断，在作者看来，人口零增长对老年人不利，会带来很多问题。

故选C。

2.According to the passage，the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population is .
A.to improve the health care system
B.to increase RNI
C.to increase employment
D.to increase migration
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

依据文章最终一段的第一句话“The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration.”可知，本文提到的解决人口老龄化的问题的最好方法就是增加移民。

故选D。

3.The underlined words “the domestic population”can be replaced by “”.
A.people within the country
B.people from developing countries
C.people without a college education
D.people living abroad
答案 A
解析词义猜想题。

依据画线短语前的那句话“Today many people，particularly those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment.”及该短语所在句可知选A。

4.The main idea of the last paragraph is .
A.the advantages of increased migration
B.the problem of declining and aging population
C.how to increase migration
D.some ways to enrich a country’s culture
答案 A
解析段落大意题。

通读最终一段，并依据该段的第一句话“The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration.”和最终一句话“As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a win-win situation.”可知，该段主要是讲增加移民的优势。

故选A。

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

【2022·烟台3月诊断性考试】
Fahad Azad，an engineer in India，invented a robot named DuctBot.The toy-car sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.
The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.
In order to control it more easily，Mr Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbon-dioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people’s health.
EPSCO，a Dubai-based company which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about Mr Azad’s invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts.
In 2005，Mr Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company，Robosoft Systems，has Bluestar，EPSCO and the Indian Navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.
Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough.Mr Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future.
1．What can we learn about Ductbot?
A．It is a toy car and popular with children.
B．It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.
C．many LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location.
D．It is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.
2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．
A．the camera B．the conditioning duct
C．the LED light D．the dirty scenery
3．What can the Ductbot do for us?
A．Clean off the dirt in the ducts.
B．Control the central conditioning.
C．Reduce carbon-dioxide in buildings.
D．Protect more animals in city.
4. According to the text，EPSCO________.
A．has won an international robotics competition
B．hired children to clean the dirty ducts in the past
C．is the only partner of Robosoft Systems
D．specializes in improving people’s health
5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Only engineers can operate the Ductbot now.
B．New ways have been found to examine oil tanks.
C．Azad’s difficulties are impossible to overcome.
D．Azad’s team are working to improve their robot designs.
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了印度的一名工程师创造了一种可以进入空调管道来清理空调灰尘的机器人。

1．解析：细节理解题。

依据文章其次段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”可知，它像蛇一样在管道中行走。

答案： B
2．解析：指代推断题。

依据文章其次段其次句“A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery”并结合下文可推知，此处的it代指的是the dirty scenery，故答案D符合文意。

答案： D
3．解析：细节理解题。

依据文章其次段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”和第三段的其次句“The robot can clean off lots of dirt...”可知，这种机器人可以清理管道里的垃圾。

答案： A
4．解析：细节理解题。

依据文章第四段的其次句和第三句“EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children”可知，EPSCO公司在过去经常雇佣小孩来清理管道垃圾。

答案： B
5．解析：段落大意题。

依据文章最终一段的前两句“Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough.”和整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是Azad团队正在致力于改善自己的机器人设计，故答案D符合文意。

答案：D。

.阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

【2022·山东省潍坊市五校联合高三下学期期中考试】
At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me.For example，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.My mom was extremely nervous about it.She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings.She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.
But despite her worries，she let me go on my own.As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to
grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her.When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college.Once again I found that I differed from my peers：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldn’t wait t o be out in the world on my own.While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.
One big thing I realized during my senior year，as my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me.That means a lot.Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother.I knew she expected nothing but the best from
me.Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards；getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.
I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important，like education，and made me who I am.I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life.Most of all I respect her.She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.
1．When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother________.
A．wanted to go with him
B．worried about his safety
C．didn’t allow him to do so
D．asked his grandmother for advice
2．The author decided to move away for college to________.
A．be different from his peers
B．keep away from his mother
C．be independent in the outside world
D．make his mother unhappy
3．We can learn from the third paragraph that the author’s mother________.
A．had a high expectation of him
B．was too strict with him
C．used to expect nothing from him
D．cared little about his learning
4．We can learn from the last paragraph that the author________.
A．is quite grateful for his mother’s trust
B．still doesn’t quite understand his mother’s attitude
C．doesn’t like his mother’s involvement in his life
D．wishes to have more freedom from his mother
5．In the passage，the author mainly wants to tell us________.
A．his long way to becoming independent
B．his good relationship with his mother
C．the importance of a mother’s trust and support
D．his mother’s deep love for him
语篇解读作者做每一次打算时，母亲都会赐予信任和支持，使作者最终变得强大、独立。

1．解析：考查细节理解。

从文章第一段母亲的诸多嘱咐和警告可知，母亲为作者的平安担忧。

答案： B
2．解析：考查细节理解。

从文章其次段倒数其次句中的“I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own”可知，作者是想在外独立。

答案： C
3．解析：考查细节理解。

从文章第三段中的“I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.”可知，母亲对作者期望很高。

答案： A
4．解析：考查推理推断。

从文章最终一段最终三句话可知，作者对母亲赐予自己的信任格外感谢。

答案： A
5．解析：考查推理推断。

综合全文可知，母亲的信任和支持使作者能够独立而强大，因此可知，本文的主要目的是说明母亲对孩子信任和支持的重要性。

答案：C。

阅读理解。

Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (哄骗)? When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important in formation that should be included, he can give you a false picture.
For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for on e hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, may be not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only on e was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” that’s true. However, and
honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to mention that they only asked te n doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
1. How much did the lottery winner lose?
A. One hundred dollars.
B. Two hundred dollars.
C. Three hundred dollars.
D. Four hundred dollars.
2. We may infer that the author believes people should _______.
A. buy lottery tickets
B. make use of half-truths
C. not take anything at face value
D. not trust the Yucky Company
3. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. final increase
B. big advantage
C. large share
D. total saving
4. What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill advertisement?
A.False statements are easy to see through.
B. B. Half-truths are often used to mislead people.
C.Doctors like to act in advertisements.
D. D. Advertisements are based on facts.
【参考答案】1—4、.A C A B。