高中英语作文 赢在篇章之新闻报道(科学技术)【含答案】

赢在篇章之新闻报道（科学技术）

新闻的开篇是导语部分。导语部分是用一段有趣的轶闻或者新闻中关键的事实引出整个文章的主题（Theme），使读者能够获取最具价值的信息，并有兴趣继续读下去。英语新闻的导语常占据一则新闻的第一自然段，最多不超过三个自然段，能全部或部分回答Who、What、When、Where、Why、How等问题。

正文是新闻报道的重要组成部分，其作用是补充核心人物或者对核心事件进行展开、解释和补充，或者是对导语所设悬念的解答。正文部分会采用事实、趣事、引语等各种消息来源来支持主题。我们将这种新闻结构比作“沙漏”，正文中的每一个细节就像沙漏中的沙子一样，无论文章是采用正叙还是倒叙的手法，沙漏中的沙子都是围绕导语中揭示的主题来展开的，都会落在沙漏的容器里。

结语一般比较简洁，主要作用是重申主题。

2. 解题方法；

1. 研读导语，确定中心人物或者事件，把握主题

作为新闻类文章的灵魂，导语为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。研读的时候我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别Who、What、When、Where、Why、How六要素的信息点，了解新闻的主要内容。

2.直接读题，判断题目类型

在研读导语把握文章的主题后，考生无需继续阅读文章，可以直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需回答问题的要点和关键词，然后带着问题以关键词作为标签词到文章中查找答案。

这种先读主题和题目的方法有利于把握阅读重点，可以让考生在阅读的时候更有针对性，也比较节省时间。如果在读完导语后仍然觉得对文章的主题把握不是很准确，也可以选择再跳读后文，即各段的首尾句。

3.根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息

上文提到，高考中新闻类文章阅读理解题目类型一般分为细节题、观点推断题、指代推断题和主题归纳题。

若是细节题，了解题目所需信息是什么，再以中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的句子，一般就能快速找到答案。而新闻文章一般只围绕一个线索来展开故事，很容易找到信息。

若是观点推断题，读题时要辨别是寻找哪一个群体对这一新闻事件的态度。然后以这一群体为标签词到文章中定位信息。通过对高考题的研究，我们发现观点推断题的信息可能是一个段落，也有可能散落在几个段落中，所以同学们在寻找时要耐心一些，找齐所有信息，进行总结概括才能找到答案。

若是指代推断题，一般只要研读围绕所要推断的词的上下文，分辨这个词所指代的内容即可。

若是主题归纳题，应重点阅读导语部分和结尾部分，了解新闻涉及的主体人物和主要事件，然后比对所给的四个选项，找出包含主体人物和主要事件的那个选项，就可以找到正确答案。

【例题】

This month, Germany's transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles (自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver's role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.

The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.

Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property (财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel – to check email, say – the car's maker is responsible if there is a crash.

“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.

Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability (法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.

An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists tha t a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.

But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say 'driverless cars', people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know –no driver.”

Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.

Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.

That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.

46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (指代推断题)

A. A place where cars often break down.

B. A case where passing a law is impossible.

C. An area where no driving is permitted.

D. A situation where drivers' role is not clear.

47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to ______. (细节题)

A. stop people from breaking traffic rules

B. help promote fully automatic driving

C. protect drivers of all ages and races

D. prevent serious property damage

48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars? (观点推断题)

A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.

B. It should be the main concern of law makers.

C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.

D. It should involve no human responsibility.