生物英语证书考试(PEC)-生物化学词汇
生物化学词汇
A band A带A chromosome A染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体（不同于B染色体）] A site [核糖体]A部位ABA 脱落酸abasic site 脱碱基位点，无碱基位点abaxial 远轴的abequose 阿比可糖，beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrant splicing 异常剪接aberration 象差；畸变；失常abiogenesis 自然发生论，无生源论ablastin 抑殖素（抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体）abnormal distrbution 非正态分布abnormality 异常，失常；畸形，畸变ABO blood group system ABO血型系统aboriginal mouse 原生鼠abortin 流产素abortion 流产，败育abortive egg 败育卵abortive infection 流产（性）感染abortive transduction 流产（性）转导ABP 肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin 相思豆毒蛋白abscisic acid 脱落酸abscission 脱落absolute 绝对的absolute configuration 绝对构型absolute counting 绝对测量absolute deviation 绝对偏差absolute error 绝对误差absorbance 吸收，吸光度absorbed dose 吸收剂量absorbent 吸收剂absorptiometer 吸光计absorptiometry 吸光测定法absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收谱带absorption cell 吸收池absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱法absorption spectrum 吸收光谱；吸收谱absorptive endocytosis 吸收（型）胞吞（作用）absorptive pinocytosis 吸收（型）胞饮（作用）absorptivity 吸光系数；吸收性abundance 丰度abundant 丰富的，高丰度的abundant mRNAs 高丰度mRNA abzyme 抗体酶acaricidin 杀螨剂accedent variation 偶然变异accelerated flow method 加速流动法accepting arm [tRNA的]接纳臂acceptor 接纳体，（接）受体acceptor site 接纳位点，接受位点acceptor splicing site 剪接受体acceptor stem [tRNA的]接纳茎accessible 可及的accessible promoter 可及启动子accessible surface 可及表面accessory 零件，附件；辅助的accessory cell 佐细胞accessory chromosome 副染色体accessory factor 辅助因子accessory nucleus 副核accessory pigment 辅助色素accessory protein 辅助蛋白（质）accommodation 顺应accumulation 积累，累积accuracy 准确度acenaphthene 二氢苊acene 并苯acentric 无着丝粒的acentric fragment 无着丝粒断片acentric ring 无着丝粒环acetal 缩醛acetaldehyde 乙醛acetalresin 缩醛树脂acetamidase 乙酰胺酶acetamide 乙酰胺acetate 乙酸盐acetic acid 乙酸，醋酸acetic acid bacteria 乙酸菌，醋酸菌acetic anhydride 乙酸酐acetification 乙酸化作用，醋化作用acetin 乙酸甘油酯，三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid 乙酰乙酸Acetobacter 醋杆菌属acetogen 产乙酸菌acetogenic bacteria 产乙酸菌acetome body 酮体acetome powder 丙酮制粉[在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物] acetomitrile 乙腈acetone 丙酮acetyl 乙酰基acetyl coenzyme A 乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine 乙酰胆碱acetylcholine agonist 乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine receptor 乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene 乙炔acetylene reduction test 乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力] acetylglucosaminidase 乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetylglutamate synthetase 乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate 乙酰水杨酸；乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylic acid 乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin 乙酰螺旋霉素AchE 乙酰胆碱酯酶achiral 非手性的acholeplasma 无胆甾原体AchR 乙酰胆碱受体achromatic 消色的；消色差的achromatic color 无色achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromatin 非染色质acid catalysis 酸催化acid fibroblast growth factor 酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin 酸性品红acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein 酸水解酪蛋白acid medium 酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide 酸性粘多糖acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶acid protease 酸性蛋白酶acid solvent 酸性溶剂acidic 酸性的acidic amino acid 酸性氨基酸acidic protein 酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidic transactivator 酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator 酸性转录激活蛋白acidification 酸化（作用）acidifying 酸化（作用）acidolysis 酸解acidophilia 嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌acidophilous milk 酸奶aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acoelomata 无体腔动物acomitic acid 乌头酸aconitase 顺乌头酸酶aconitate 乌头酸；乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine 乌头碱aconitum alkaloid 乌头属生物碱ACP 酰基载体蛋白acquired character 获得性状acquired immunity 获得性免疫acridine 吖啶acridine alkaloid 吖啶（类）生物碱acridine dye 吖啶燃料acridine orange 吖啶橙acridine yellow 吖啶黄acriflavine 吖啶黄素acroblast 原顶体acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝染色体acrolein 丙烯醛acrolein polymer 丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein resin 丙烯醛树脂acropetal translocation 向顶运输acrosin 顶体蛋白acrosomal protease 顶体蛋白酶acrosomal reaction 顶体反应acrosome 顶体acrosome reaction 顶体反应acrosomic granule 原顶体acrosyndesis 端部联会acrylamide 丙烯酰胺acrylate 丙烯酸酯、盐acrylic acid 丙烯酸acrylic polymer 丙烯酸（酯）类聚合物acrylic resin 丙烯酸（酯）类树脂acrylketone 丙烯酮acrylonitrile 丙烯腈actidione 放线（菌）酮[即环己酰亚胺]actin 肌动蛋白actin filament 肌动蛋白丝actinin 辅肌动蛋白[分为alfa、beta两种，beta蛋白即加帽蛋白] actinmicrofilament 肌动蛋白微丝actinometer 化学光度计actinomorphy 辐射对称[用于描述植物的花]actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin D 放线菌素Dactinospectacin 放线壮观素，壮观霉素，奇霉素action 作用action current 动作电流action potential 动作电位action spectrum 动作光谱activated sludge 活性污泥activated support 活化支持体activating group 活化基团activating transcription factor 转录激活因子activation 激活；活化activation analysis 活化分析activation energy 活化能activator 激活物，激活剂，激活蛋白activator protein 激活蛋白active absorption 主动吸收active biomass 活生物质active carbon 活性碳active center 活性中心active chromatin 活性染色质active dry yeast 活性干酵母active dydrogen compounds 活性氢化合物active ester of amino acid 氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen 活性氢active immunity 主动免疫active oxygen 活性氧active site 活性部位，活性中心active transport 主动转运active uptake 主动吸收activin 活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素]activity 活性，活度，（放射性）活度actomyosin 肌动球蛋白actophorin 载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute 急性的acute infection 急性感染acute phase 急性期acute phase protein 急性期蛋白，急相蛋白acute phase reaction 急性期反应，急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应] acute phase reactive protein 急性期反应蛋白，急相反应蛋白acute phase response 急性期反应，急相反应acute toxicity 急性毒性ACV 无环鸟苷acyclic nucleotide 无环核苷酸acycloguanosine 无环鸟苷，9-（2-羟乙氧甲基）鸟嘌呤acyclovir 无环鸟苷acyl 酰基acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋白acyl cation 酰（基）正离子acyl chloride 酰氯acyl CoA 脂酰辅酶Aacyl coenzyem A 脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride 酰氟acyl halide 酰卤acylamino acid 酰基氨基酸acylase 酰基转移酶acylating agent 酰化剂acylation 酰化acylazide 酰叠氮acylbromide 酰溴acyloin 偶姻acyltransferase 酰基转移酶adamantanamine 金刚烷胺[曾用作抗病毒剂]adamantane 金刚烷adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adapter 衔接头；衔接子adapter protein 衔接蛋白质adaptin 衔接蛋白[衔接网格蛋白与其他蛋白的胞质区]adaptive behavior 适应性行为adaptive enzyme 适应酶adaptive molecule 衔接分子adaptive response 适应反应[大肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统]adaptor 衔接头；衔接子adaxial 近轴的addition 加成addition compound 加成化合物addition haploid 附加单倍体addition line 附加系additive 添加物，添加剂additive effect 加性效应additive genetic variance 加性遗传方差additive recombination 插入重组，加插重组[因DNA插入而引起的基因重组] addressin 地址素[选择蛋白(selectin)的寡糖配体，与淋巴细胞归巢有关] adducin 内收蛋白[一种细胞膜骨架蛋白，可与钙调蛋白结合]adduct 加合物，加成化合物adduct ion 加合离子adenine 腺嘌呤adenine arabinoside 啊糖腺苷adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma 腺瘤adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷，腺苷adenosine deaminase 腺苷脱氨酶adenosine diphoshate 腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate 腺苷（一磷）酸adenosine phosphosulfate 腺苷酰硫酸adenosine triphosphatase 腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphate 腺苷三磷酸adenovirus 腺病毒adenylate 腺苷酸；腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylate cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶adenylate energy charge 腺苷酸能荷adenylate kinase 腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid 腺苷酸adenylyl cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶adenylylation 腺苷酰化adherence 粘着，粘附，粘连；贴壁adherent cell 贴壁细胞；粘着（性）细胞，粘附（性）细胞adherent culture 贴壁培养adhering junction 粘着连接adhesin 粘附素[如见于大肠杆菌]adhesion 吸附，结合，粘合；粘着，粘附，粘连adhesion factor 粘着因子，粘附因子adhesion molecule 粘着分子，粘附分子adhesion plaque 粘着斑adhesion protein 粘着蛋白，吸附蛋白adhesion receptor 粘着受体adhesion zone 粘着带[如见于细菌壁膜之间]adhesive 粘合剂，胶粘剂adhesive glycoprotein 粘着糖蛋白adipic acid 己二酸，肥酸adipocyte 脂肪细胞adipokinetic hormone 脂动激素[见于昆虫]adipose tissue 脂肪组织adjust [动]调节，调整；修正adjustable 可调的adjustable miropipettor 可调微量移液管adjustable spanner 活动扳手adjusted retention time 调整保留时间adjusted retention volume 调整保留体积adjuvant 佐剂adjuvant cytokine 佐剂细胞因子adjuvant peptide 佐剂肽adjuvanticity 佐剂（活）性adoptive immunity 过继免疫adoptive transfer 过继转移ADP ribosylation ADP核糖基化ADP ribosylation factor ADP核糖基化因子ADP ribosyltransferase ADP核糖基转移酶adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenaline 肾上腺素adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素能受体adrenocepter 肾上腺素受体adrenocorticotropic hormone 促肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenodoxin 肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白adriamycin 阿霉素，亚德里亚霉素adsorbent 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption catalysis 吸附催化adsorption center 吸附中心adsorption chromatography 吸附层析adsorption film 吸附膜adsorption isobar 吸附等压线adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线adsorption layer 吸附层adsorption potential 吸附电势adsorption precipitation 吸附沉淀adsorption quantity 吸附量adult diarrhea rotavirus 成人腹泻轮状病毒advanced glycosylation 高级糖基化advanced glycosylation end product 高级糖基化终产物adventitious 不定的，无定形的adverse effect 反效果，副作用aecidiospore 锈孢子，春孢子aeciospore 锈孢子，春孢子aequorin 水母蛋白，水母素aeration 通气aerator 加气仪，加气装置aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerobe 需氧菌[利用分子氧进行呼吸产能并维持正常生长繁殖的细菌] aerobic 需氧的aerobic bacteria 需氧（细）菌aerobic cultivation 需氧培养aerobic glycolysis 有氧酵解aerobic metabolism 有氧代谢aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸aerobic waste treatment 需氧废物处理aerobiosis 需氧生活aerogel 气凝胶aerogen 产气菌aerolysin 气单胞菌溶素Aeromonas 气单胞菌属aerosol 气溶胶aerosol gene delivery 气溶胶基因送递aerospray ionization 气喷射离子化作用aerotaxis 趋氧性[（细胞）随环境中氧浓度梯度进行定向运动]aerotolerant bacteria 耐氧菌[不受氧毒害的厌氧菌]aerotropism 向氧性aesculin 七叶苷，七叶灵aetiology 病原学afferent nerve 传入神经affinity 亲和，亲和性affinity adsorbent 亲和吸附剂affinity chromatography 亲和层析affinity coelectrophoresis 亲和共电泳[用于研究DNA结合蛋白]affinity column 亲和柱affinity coupling 亲和偶联affinity electron microscopy 亲和电镜（术）[用亲和配体包被铜网]affinity extraction 亲和提取，亲和萃取affinity filtration 亲和过滤affinity labeling 亲和标记affinity ligand 亲和配体affinity maturation 亲和力成熟[见于体液免疫系统的发育]affinity partitioning 亲和分配affinity precipitation 亲和沉淀affinity purification 亲和纯化（法）affinity tag （附加）亲和标记物aflatoxin 黄曲酶毒素agar 琼脂agar diffusion test 琼脂扩散试验agar gel 琼脂胶agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面[固化时斜放的，装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基；也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔]agarase 琼脂糖酶agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agaricin 蘑菇素agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸agaropectin 琼脂胶agarose 琼脂糖agarose gel 琼脂糖凝胶agarose gel electrophoresis 琼脂糖凝胶电泳agarose plate 琼脂糖平板age pigment 老年色素agent 剂；介质agglutination 凝集（作用）agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原aggrecan 聚集蛋白聚糖[来自软骨]aggregate 聚集体；凝聚体aggregation 聚集（作用）aggressin 攻击素[细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质]aggressivity 攻击力aging 衰老，老化，陈化agitation 振荡，振摇，搅拌agitator 振荡器，搅拌器aglycone 苷元，糖苷配基agonist 兴奋剂，激动剂，刺激物；竞争剂；拮抗剂agranulocyte 无粒细胞agravitropism 无向重力性agretope [抗原]限制位[抗原上识别并结合二类主要组织相容性复合体的部位] agricultural alcohol 农产品（制）酒精agricultural waste 农业废物，农业垃圾agrin 集聚蛋白，集聚素[由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集]agrobacteriocin 农杆菌素，土壤杆菌素Agrobacterium 农杆菌属，土壤杆菌属Agrobacterium rhizogenes 毛根农杆菌，毛根土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciems 根癌农杆菌，根瘤土壤杆菌agrochemical 农用化学品[如除草剂，杀虫剂等]agrocin 农杆素[由某些农杆菌所产生并作用于另一些农杆菌的抗生素（不是蛋白质）] agrocinopine 农杆糖酯[一种糖磷酸二酯]agroinfection 农杆菌感染（法）agropine 农杆氨酸，农杆碱[见于毛根]agropinic acid 农杆鸟氨酸，鸟氨农杆碱[见于毛根]air bubble 气泡air drying 风干air filter 空气滤器air monitering 空气监测air peak 空气峰，气泡峰air sterilization 空气除菌airflow 气流airflow meter 气流计airflow moniter 气流显示器，气流监控仪airlift bioreactor 气升式生物反应器airlift fermentation 气升式发酵airlift fermentor 气升式发酵罐airlock 气锁akaryote 无核细胞akinetic chromosome 无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment 无着丝粒断片akinetic inversion 无着丝粒倒位alamethicin 丙甲甘肽[来自绿色木酶的一种小肽，富含beta氨基异丁酸] alanine 丙氨酸alanine aminotransferase 丙氨酸转氨酶alarm 警报器，定时钟albinism 白化病albizziin 合欢氨酸，脲基丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白alcohol 醇；乙醇alcohol dehydrogenase 醇脱氢酶；乙醇脱氢酶alcoholic fermentation 生醇发酵aldehyde 醛；乙醛aldehyde dehydrogenase 醛脱氢酶aldehyde oxidase 醛氧化酶aldimine 醛亚胺alditol 糖醛aldol 羟醛aldol condensation 羟醛缩合aldolase 醛缩酶aldonic acid 醛糖酸aldose 醛糖aldosterome 醛固醇alduronic acid 糖醛酸aleurome 糊粉aleurome grain 糊粉粒aleurome layer 糊粉层alfalfa mosaic virus 苜蓿花叶病毒alga 藻类（单）algae 藻类algicide 杀藻剂algin 藻胶alginate 藻酸盐alginic acid 藻酸algocyan 藻蓝素algorithm 算法，公式alicyclic amine 脂肪胺alicyclic compound 脂环化合物alicyclic hydrocarbon 脂环烃alignment 顺序；排列；[序列]对比alimentary canal 消化管aliphatic 脂肪族的aliphatic amine alkaloid 脂（肪）族胺（类）生物碱aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物aliquot 小份，等份，等分部分alizarin 茜素alkali 碱，强碱alkali metal 碱金属alkaline 碱的，强碱的alkaline amino acid 碱性氨基酸alkaline denaturation 碱变性法alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline gel electrophoresis 碱性凝胶电泳alkaline hydrolysis 碱水解（作用）alkaline lysis 碱裂解（法）alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶alkaline protein 碱性蛋白质alkaline reserve 碱储备[如血液中的碳酸氢钠]alkalization 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alkane 烷alkene 烯alkyl 烷基alkylating agent 烷化剂alkylation 烷（基）化alkyne 炔all or none 全或无all or nothing 全或无all transconfiguration 全反构型allantoic acid 尿囊酸allantoin 尿囊素allatostatin 咽侧体抑制素[抑制保幼激素的分泌]allatotropin 促咽侧体素[促进保幼激素的分泌]allele 等位基因allele linkage analysis 等位基因连锁反应allelic complement 等位（基因）互补allelic diversity 等位（基因）多样化allelic exclusion 等位（基因）排斥[一个杂合子表现其任一异型性状的现象，有时特指成熟的B细胞只产生一种抗体而其等位结构不表达]allelic inactivation 等位（基因）失活allelic inclusion 等位（基因）相容allelic replacement 等位（基因）置换allelic variation 等位（基因）变异allelism 等位性allelomorph 等位基因allelomorphism 等位性allelopathic substance 异柱克生物质，异种克生物质allelopathy 异柱克生（现象），异种克生（现象）allergen 变应原allergic 变应性的allergic disease 变应性疾病allergy 变态反应alloantibody 同种抗体alloantigen 同种抗原allodiploid 异源二倍体allodiploidy 异源二倍性allodiplomonosome 异源二倍单体allogenic antigen 同种异型抗原，同种异体抗原allograft 同种异体移植allograft rejection 同种异体移植排斥allogroup 同种异型组allohaploid 异源单倍体alloheteroploid 异源异倍体allophycocyanin 别藻蓝蛋白，别藻蓝素alloploid 异源倍体alloploidy 异源倍性allopolyhaploid 异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid 异源多倍体allopurinol 别嘌呤醇allopurinol nucleotide 别嘌呤醇核苷酸alloreactivity 同种异体反应性allorecognition 同种（异体）识别allose 阿洛糖allosome 异染色体allosteric activation 别构激活，别构活化allosteric activator 别构激活剂，别构活化剂allosteric control 别构调节allosteric effect 别构效应allosteric effector 别构剂allosteric enzyme 别构酶allosteric inbibition 别构抑制allosteric inbibitor 别构抑制剂allosteric interaction 别构作用allosteric ligand 别构配体allosteric protein 别构蛋白allosteric regulation 别构调节allosteric site 别构部位allosteric transition 别构转换[由别构剂所引起的蛋白质构象变化] allosterism 别构，变构allostery 别构性allosynapsis 异源联会allotope 同种异型位allotrope 同素异形体allotrtraploid 异源四倍体allotype 同种异型allotypic antigen 同种异型抗原allotypic determinant 同种异型决定簇allotypic marker 同种异型标记allotypy 同种异型性alloxan 四氧嘧啶allozyme 同种异型酶allyl 烯丙基allyl resin 烯丙基树脂allysine 醛（基）赖氨酸alphavirus 甲病毒属[属于披膜病毒科]alternate segregation 相间分离alternating copolymer 交替共聚物alternating copolymerization 交替共聚合alternation of generations 世代交替alternative 另一种的，交替的，备择的alternative complement pathway 补体旁路alternative pathway of complement 补体旁路（途径）alternative polyadenylation 可变聚腺苷酸化alternative RNA processing 可变RNA加工alternative RNA splicing 可变RNA剪接，旁路RNA剪接alternative splicing 可变剪接，旁路剪接alternative splicing factor 可变剪接因子alternative transcription 可变转录alternative transcription initiation 可变转录起始alternatively spliced mRNA 可变剪接的mRNAaltrose 阿卓糖Alu family Alu家族alum 矾，明矾aluminia 氧化铝，矾土alveolar gas exchange 肺泡气体交换alveolar surfactant 肺泡表面活性物质alytensin 产婆蟾（紧张）肽Alzheimer disease 阿尔茨海默病，老年性痴呆amaerobic 厌氧的amalgam 汞齐amalgam electrode 汞齐电极amanin 鹅膏素amanitine 鹅膏毒环肽amantadine 金刚胺amanullin 鹅膏无毒环肽amaryllidaceae alkaloid 石蒜科生物碱amastatin 氨肽酶抑制剂，抑氨肽酶肽amatoxin 鹅膏毒素amber codon 琥珀密码子[即UAA终止密码子]amber mutant 琥珀突变体，琥珀突变型amber mutation 琥珀突变amber suppression 琥珀抑制amber suppressor 琥珀（突变）抑制基因，琥珀（突变）抑制因子Amberlite resin [商]Amberlite树脂，琥石树脂[Rohm&Haas公司离子交换树脂的商品名]ambident 两可的ambident ion 两可离子ambient 周围的ambient temperature 环境温度，室温ambiguous codon 多义密码子ambisense 双义ambisense genome 双义基因组ambisense RNA 双义RNA[同时编码蛋白质的病毒正链与负链RNA]amboceper 双纳体[既有绵羊红细胞结合位点又有补体结合位点的抗体] ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type Culture Collection 美国模式培养物保藏所amerol 杀草强，氨基三唑Ames test 埃姆斯试验amethopterin 氨甲蝶呤amicetin 友菌素amicillin resistance 氨苄青霉素抗性amidase 酰胺酶amidated peptide 酰胺（化）肽amide 酰胺amidine 脒amido black 酰胺黑[可用于蛋白质SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的染色]amido bond 酰胺键amido link 酰胺键amido linkage 酰胺键amidomycin 胺霉素amidotrizoate 3,5-双乙酰氨基-2,4,6-三碘苯甲酸盐amiloride 氨氯吡嗪脒[利尿药]amination 氨基化amine 胺amine bormones 胺类激素amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system 胺前体摄取（和）脱羧系统，APUD系统[可提取胺前体并进行脱羧而产生肽类或活性胺的细胞系统]amine transporter 胺转运蛋白Aminex resin [商]Aminex树脂[Bio-Rad公司离子交换树脂的商品名，一类HPLC级球形介质，是带功能基的苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚物]amino 氨基amino acid arm 氨基酸臂[位于tRNA上]amino acid frequency 氨基酸（使用）频率amino acid preference 氨基酸偏爱性amino acid residue 氨基酸残基amino acid residue contact 氨基酸残基接触（面）amino acid transport 氨基酸转运amino acid transporter 氨基酸转运蛋白amino acid usage 氨基酸使用amino alkyl indole 氨烷基吲哚amino alkyl phosphoramidite 氨烷基亚磷酰胺amino nigrogen 氨基氮aminoacyl 氨酰基aminoacyl esterase 氨酰酯酶aminoacyl phosphatidylglycerol 氨酰磷脂酰甘油aminoacyl site 氨酰基位aminoacyl tRNA 氨酰tRNAaminoacylation 氨酰化aminobenzoic acid 氨基苯甲酸aminocephalosporinic acid 氨基头孢菌酸aminoethyl 氨乙基aminoethyl mercaptan 氨乙基硫醇，巯基乙胺aminoglucose 氨基葡糖aminoglycoside antibiotics 氨基糖苷（类）抗生素aminoglycoside phosphotransferase 氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶aminoguanidine 氨基胍aminolink 氨基连接臂[例如附于合成寡核苷酸的5'端，便于与其他配体偶联] aminolysis 氨解aminomycin 氨基霉素，缬氨霉素aminooimidazole 氨基咪唑aminopenicillanic acid 氨基青酶烷酸aminopeptidase 氨肽酶aminophylline 氨茶碱aminopterin 氨基蝶呤aminopurine 氨基嘌呤aminotransferase 氨基转移酶，转氨酶aminotriazole 氨基三唑，杀草强amiodarone 乙胺碘呋酮amitosis 无丝分裂amixis 无融合ammonia 氨ammonification 氨化（作用）ammonio 铵基ammonium 铵ammonium acetate 乙酸铵ammonium hydroxide 氢氧化铵，氨水ammonium persulfate 过硫酸氨ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵ammonium sulfate fractionation 硫酸铵分级分离ammonium sulfate precipitation 硫酸铵沉淀ammonotelism 排氨型代谢amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺（术）amnion 羊膜amniota 羊膜动物amoeba 变形虫，阿米巴amoeboid movement 变形运动amorphous material 无定形物，非晶态amphi position 远位amphiastral mitosis 双星有丝分裂amphibia 两栖纲amphibivalent 双二价体amphibolic pathway 两用代谢途径[即可用于代谢物分解又可用于合成] amphidiploid 双二倍体amphidiploidy 双二倍性amphigenesis 两性生殖amphiglycan 双栖蛋白聚糖[同时见于上皮及成纤维细胞] amphihaploidy 双倍体amphimixix 两性融合amphion 两性离子amphipathic 两亲的amphipathicity 两亲性amphipathy 两亲性amphiphilic 两亲的amphiphilicity 两亲性[一个分子中一部分亲水，另一部分疏水] amphipolyploid 双多倍体amphipolyploidy 双多倍性amphiprotic 两性的amphiregulin 双调蛋白[与EGF家族同源的一种双功能生长调节蛋白] amphitrophy 兼性营养amphivalency 异配现象[用于配位化学]ampholine [商]两性电解质Ampholine[Pharmacia公司商品，可用于等电聚焦] ampholyte 两性物，两性电解质ampholytoid 两性胶体amphoteric character 兼性性质amphoteric characteristics 兼性性质[兼有酸碱性或正负电贺]amphoteric colloid 兼性胶体amphoteric emulsifier 兼性乳化剂，两性乳化剂amphoteric ion 兼性离子amphotericin 两性霉素amphoterics 兼性表面活性剂amphotropic retrovirus 兼嗜性逆转录病毒，双嗜性逆转录病毒[既能在宿主细胞又能在异种细胞上引起产毒性感染]ampicillin 氨苄青霉素amplicon 扩增子amplification 扩增amplimer 扩增引物ampoule 安瓿瓶amycin 阿霉素amygdalin 扁桃苷，苦杏仁苷amylase 淀粉酶[包括糖化酶和麦芽糖化酶]amylin 糊精amylo process 阿明露法，淀粉发酵法，霉菌糖化法[由根酶及酵母菌同时生长糖化，发酵生产酒精]amylodextrin 极限糊精amyloglucosidase 淀粉葡糖苷酶amyloid protein precursor 淀粉样蛋白前体amyloid ring 淀粉质环amylolytic activity 淀粉分解活性amylopectin 支链淀粉amyloplast 造粉（质）体amyloplastid 造粉粒amylose 直链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobe 厌氧菌[缺乏超氧化物岐化酶，须在无氧或低氧化还原电势的条件下才能正常生长繁殖的微生物]anaerobic bacteria 厌氧细菌anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养室anaerobic contact digestor 厌氧接触（型）消化器anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic fermentation 厌氧发酵anaerobic filter system 厌氧过滤系统anaerobic membrane bioreactor 厌氧膜生物反应器anaerobiosis 厌氧生活，无氧生活anaerogen 不产气菌anaeroic digestor 厌氧消化器analgesic 止痛药analgesis 镇痛analog 类似物analogous 类似的，模拟的analogous organ 同功器官analogous protein 类似蛋白质[有时特指由趋同进化而产生的相似蛋白] analogue 类似物analogy 模拟，类似analogy model 模拟模型analyte 分析物analytical 分析的analytical chromatography 分析型层析analytical column 分析柱analytical reagent 分析纯试剂anaphase [细胞分裂]后期anaphylactic 过敏性的anaphylactic reaction 过敏反应anaphylatoxin 过敏毒素anaphylaxis 过敏性，过敏（反应）anaplerotic reaction 添补反应anastral mitosis 无星有丝分裂ancestor 祖先，始祖ancestry 祖先，始祖anchimeric assistance 邻助作用anchor 锚anchor catalyst 锚定催化剂anchor primer 锚定引物anchorage 固着，锚定anchored PCR 锚式聚合酶链（式）反应，锚式PCRanchorin 锚定蛋白anchoring 锚着，锚定ancovenin 血管紧张肽转化酶抑制肽androcyte 雄（母）细胞androecium 雄蕊群androgamete 雄配子androgen 雄激素androgen binding protein 雄激素结合蛋白androgenesis 孤雄发育，单雄生殖，雄核发育androgenetic parthenogenesis 产雄孤雌生殖androgonium 雄原细胞androgynism 雌雄同柱，雌雄同体andromedotoxin 梫木毒素andrometoxin 雄核卵块发育androplasm 雄质androsome 限雄染色体androspore 产雄孢子；小孢子androsterone 雄酮anemia 贫血anemoentomophily 风虫媒anemophilous flower 风媒花anemophilous plant 风媒植物anemophilous pollination 风媒传粉anemophily 风媒anergy 无反应性[用于细胞免疫学] anesthesia 麻醉aneucentric chromosome 非单着丝粒染色体aneuhaploid 非整倍单倍体aneuhaploidy 非整倍单倍性aneuploid 非整倍性aneuploid cell line 非整倍体细胞系aneuploidy 非整倍性angiogenesis factor 血管生成因子angiogenin 血管生成素angioplasty 血管成形术[可用于基因转移] angiosperm 被子植物angiotensin 血管紧张肽angiotensinase 血管紧张肽酶angiotensinogen 血管紧张肽原angle rotor 角转头angstrom 埃anguidin 蛇形毒素angular methyl 角甲基anhydrase 脱水酶anhydride 酸酐anhydrous 无水的anhydrous acetonitrile 无水乙腈aniline 苯胺aniline blue 苯胺蓝animal cell line 动物细胞系anion 阴离子anion base 阴离子碱anion channel 阴离子通道anion respiration 阴离子呼吸anionic acid 阴离子酸anionic detergent 阴离子（型）去污剂anisodamine 山莨菪anisodine 樟柳碱anisogamete 异型配子anisogamy 异配生殖anisol 苯甲醚anisomorphic DNA 异形DNAanisomycin 茴香霉素anisopolyploid 奇（数）多倍体anisospore 异形孢子anisotropic 各向异性的anisotropic membrane 各向异性膜anisotropy 各向异性[物理参数随方向的变化而变化]anitbacterial immunization 抗（细）菌免疫ankyrin 锚蛋白ankyrin repeat 锚蛋白重复序列anlage 原基annealing 退火Annelita 环节动物门annexin 膜联蛋白[一类被钙离子活化后可与膜磷脂结合的蛋白，参与膜转运及膜表面其他一系列依赖于钙调蛋白的活动，分为I II III等多种。
PEC生物工程英语证书考试生物化学常用术语
PEC生物工程英语证书考试-生物化学常用术语A癌基因【Oncogene，onc】癌基因是细胞内控制细胞生长的基因，当其异常表达时，这些基因不受体内各种调节因素的影响，可持续或过高的表达，其产物可使细胞持续增殖。
氨基酸残基【Residue】多肽链中的氨基酸，由于参与肽键的形成，已非原来完整的分子，称为氨基酸残基。
氨基酸代谢库【Metabolic pool】食物蛋白经消化而被吸收的氨基酸（外源性氨基酸）与体内组织蛋白降解产生的氨基酸（内源性氨基酸）以及体内其他各种来源的氨基酸混在一起，分布于体内各处参与代谢，构成氨基酸代谢库。
B半保留复制【Semi-conservative replication】当DNA进行复制时，双螺旋结构解开成两条单链，各自作为模板合成与之互补的新链。
在子代DNA双链中，一条是来自亲代DNA，另一条是新合成的。
这种复制方式称为半保留复制。
必需氨基酸【essential amino acid】组成蛋白质的基本氨基酸有20种，在营养上可分为两类：必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸。
必需氨基酸是指体内需要而又不能自身合成或合成量少，不能满足需要，必须由食物供给的氨基酸，共有8种：赖氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸。
其余12种氨基酸体内可以合成，称非必需氨基酸。
必需基团【essential group】酶分子中与酶的活性密切相关的化学基团叫做酶的必需基团。
酶的活性中心内的一些化学基团，是酶发挥催化作用与底物直接作用的有效基团，故称为活性中心内的必需基团。
但酶活性中心外还有一些基团虽然不与底物直接作用，却与维持整个分子的空间构象有关，这些基团可使活性中心的各个有关基团保持最适的空间位置、间接地对酶的催化作用发挥其必不可少的作用，这些基团称为活性中心外的必需基团。
必需脂肪酸【essential fatty acid】必需脂肪酸是指机体生命活动必不可少，但机体自身又不能合成，必须由食物供给的多不饱和脂肪酸。
(完整版)生物化学专业英语单词
单词表第一章Prokaryote 原核生物Eukaryote 真核生物fractionation 分级、分馏biomolecule 生物分子organism 生物体、有机体membrane 膜nucleus 细胞核cocci 球菌bacilli 杆菌spirilla 螺旋菌Eubacteria 真细菌Archaebacteria 原细菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性菌Gram negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Cyanobacteria 蓝细菌Plasma 细胞浆Mesosome 间体Nuleoid 拟核Sytosol 细胞质、原生质Bilayer 双分子层（膜）Protein 蛋白质Lipid 脂类Carbohydrate 糖类、碳水化合物osmotic pressure 渗透压Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Subcellular 亚细胞的Ganelle 细胞器Genetic 遗传的Chromosome 染色体ribosomal ribonucleic acid rRNA Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Phospholipid 磷脂Detoxification 解毒Golgi apparatus 高尔基体Refresh 更新Mitochondria 线粒体oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化fatty acid 脂肪酸degradation 降解Chloroplasts 叶绿体thylakoid vesicles 类囊体photosynthesis 光合作用Lysosomes 溶酶体Macromolecule 大分子Enzyme 酶Cytoskeleton 细胞支架Metabolic 新陈代谢的Centrifugation 离心Isolate 分离Equilibrium 平衡Density 密度Friction 摩擦力Velocity 速率Supernatant 上清夜Pellet 沉淀第二章Amino acid 氨基酸Enantiomers 对映体Tetrahedral 正四面体的Hydrophobic 疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic 脂肪族的Aromatic 芳香族的Polar 极性的Charged 带电荷的Glycine Gly,甘氨酸alanine Ala,丙氨酸valine Val,缬氨酸leucine Leu,亮氨酸isoleucine Ile,异亮氨酸methionine Met,甲硫氨酸proline Pro,脯氨酸cystine Cys,半胱氨酸Phenylalanine Phe,苯丙氨酸Tyrosine Tyr,酪氨酸Tryptophan Trp,色氨酸Asparagines Asn, 天冬酰胺Glutamine Gln,谷氨酰胺Serine Ser,丝氨酸Threonine Thr,苏氨酸Varginine Arg, 精氨酸Lysine Lys,赖氨酸Histidine His,组氨酸aspartic acid Asp,天冬氨酸glutamic acid Glu,谷氨酸base 碱carboxyl 羧基isoelectric point 等电点positive 正的、阳性的negative 负的、阴性的buffering 缓冲physiological 生理的Primary structure 一级结构Secondary structure 二级结构Tertiary structure 三级结构Quaternary structure 四级结构peptide bond 肽键sequence 顺序、序列covalent Bond 共价键polypeptide 多肽terminal 末端carbonyl 羰基resonance structures 共振结构rigid 刚性的rotate 旋转trans configuration 顺式构象disulfide bonds 二硫键α-helix α-落选hydrogen bond 氢键β-pleated sheet β-折叠片parallel 平行的antiparallel 反平行的random coil 无规卷曲unique 唯一的spatial 空间的arrangement 排列、安排linear sequence 线性序列residue 残基Hydrophobic interaction疏水相互作用Interior 内部的Electrostatic force 静电力salt bridge 盐桥、盐键van der Waals force 范德华力subunit 亚基allosteric effect 变构效应Noncovalent interactions 非共价相互作用protein stability 蛋白质的稳定dimensional 空间的、维的proton 质子donor 供体、赠与者lone pair of electrons 孤对电子collinear 在同一直线上Hydrophobic force 疏水力Nonpolar 非极性Minimize 最小化protein folding 蛋白质折叠Accessory protein 辅助蛋白质molecular chaperones 分子伴侣Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白prosthetic group 辅基essential 必需的heme 血红素crevice 缝隙protoporphyrin 原卟啉porphyrin 卟啉ferrous 含铁的proximal 最接近的cooperative 协同的noncooperative 非协同的dissociation curve 解离曲线sigmoidal S形曲线hyperbolic 双曲线affinity 亲和性blood capillaries 血管Bohr effect 波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism 机制Relaxed state 松弛状态tense state 紧张状态hemoglobinopathies 血红蛋白分子病Sickle-cell anemia 镰刀形细胞贫血症Erythrocyte 红血球sticky patch 粘性小区therapeutic 治疗的Collagen 胶原蛋白Skin 皮肤Bone 骨骼Tendon 腱Cartilage 软骨blood vessel 血管mammal 哺乳动物fibrous 纤维状的tripeptide 三肽的triple-helical 三股螺旋的cross-linke 交联Allysine 醛基赖氨酸Antibodie 抗体immune system 免疫系统pathogen 病原体trigger 引发、触发response 响应、应答antigen 抗原antigenic determine 抗原决定簇epitope 抗原决定簇Immunolocalization 免疫定位Antibody 抗体Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA酶联免疫吸附测定purification 提纯、纯化Homogenization 匀浆solubilization 溶解Ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵Precipitation 沉淀Dialysis 透析Chromatographic techniques 层析技术gel filtration 凝胶过滤affinity chromatography 亲和层析Electrophoretic techniques 电泳技术isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦SDS polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semi-permeable 半透性ligand 配基inert 惰性的matrix 基质elute 洗出、流出lectin 外源凝集素glycoprotein 糖蛋白molecular sieve 分子筛polyampholytes 聚两性电解质gradient 梯度migrate 迁移、移动chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing 测序2-mercaptoethanol ２－巯基乙醇ninhydrin 茚三酮fluorescamine 荧光胺fluorodinitrobenzene 二硝基氟苯dansyl chloride 丹磺酰氯phenyl isothiocyanate PITC苯异硫氰酸酯fragment 片断、碎片encoding 编码decipher 解读、破译anchor 锚定第三章biocatalyst 生物催化剂active site 活性中心substrate 底物The induced –fit model 诱导契合学说Stereospecificity 立体异构专一性Specificity 专一性Trypsin 胰蛋白酶Elastase 弹性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶Transferase 转移酶Hydrolase 水解酶Lyase 裂合酶Isomerase 异构酶Ligase 连接酶Ribozyme 核酶Abzyme 抗体酶catalytic antibody 抗体酶analog 类似物assay 化验、测定optimal 最佳的Coenzyme 辅酶Cofactor 辅因子apoenzyme 脱辅酶holoenzyme 全酶acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Adenine 腺嘌呤Dinucleotide 二核苷酸Phosphate 磷酸Oxidation 氧化reduction 还原Flavin 黄素Mononucleotide 单核苷酸Acyl 酰基thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase 脱羧酶Pyridoxal 吡哆醛Pyridoxamine 吡哆胺Pyridoxine 吡哆醇Ubiquinone 泛醌Isoenzymes 同功酶Kinetic 动力学lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶proportional 成比例的saturate 使饱和thermal 热的denaturation 变性optimum 最适宜的diversity 多样性Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程double-reciprocal plot 双倒数作图法inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Metabolite 代谢物Irreversible 不可逆的Reversible 可逆的Competitive 竞争性的Noncompetitive 非竞争性的Probe 探测Clinically 临床上Regulation 调节committed step 关键步骤activator 激活剂Adjust 调节Feedback 反馈Sequential 连续的Branched 分支的Conformational 构象的homotropic effect 同促效应heterotropic effect 异促效应Phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶Citrate 柠檬酸盐Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate 2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation 磷酸化dephosphorylation 去磷酸化hydroxyl 羟基hormone 激素Glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate 使磷酸化glycogen synthase 糖原合酶unphosphorylate 使去磷酸化proteolytic 蛋白质水解的proenzymes 酶原zymogen 酶原hydrolysis 水解pancreatic 胰腺的pancreas 胰腺small intestine 小肠blood clotting 血液凝固amplification 扩大cascade 级联第四章boundary 边界compartments 小室Mechanical 机械的signaling 发信号insoluble 不可溶的glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂类sphingolipids 鞘脂类sterols 固醇类glycerol 甘油sphingosine 鞘氨醇sphingomyelins 鞘磷脂cholesterol 胆固醇steroid 类固醇Amphipathic 两性的Hydrophilic 亲水的Bulky 体积大的self-assemble 自组装的fluidity 流动性rotational 转动的lateral 侧向的Fluid mosaic model 流体镶嵌模型Integral 整体的、内在的Flip 翻跟头integral membrane proteins 内在膜蛋白peripheral membrane proteins外周膜蛋白asymmetry 不对称asymmetrically 不对称地membrane-spaning protein 跨膜蛋白Multiple 多重的Lipid-anchored proteins 脂锚定蛋白Heterokaryon 异核体Fusion 融合Reconstitution 重建Reincorporated 重新合并Extracellular 细胞外的Intercellular 细胞内的Passive transport 被动运输active transport 主动运输concentration 浓度diffusion 扩散saturable 可饱和的facilitated 协助的、推动的symport 同向运送antiport 逆向运送epithelial cells 上皮细胞exocytosis 分泌作用endocytosis 内吞作用phagocytosis 吞噬作用pinocytosis 胞饮作用Receptor mediated endocytosis fusion受体介导的内吞作用debris 碎片transduction 转导Lipophilic 亲脂性的Receptors 受体second messengers 第二信使第五章Nucleic acid 核酸Replication 复制Nucleotide 核苷酸Pyrimidine 嘧啶Guanine 鸟嘌呤Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Nucleoside 核苷Deoxyribonucleoside 脱氧核糖核苷ribonucleoside 核糖核苷deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸genes 基因complementarily 互补地nucleosome 核小体loop 突环rosette 玫瑰花结semi-conservative 半保留的polymerase 聚合酶template 模板primer 引物fork 叉Bidirectional 双向的Okazaki fragments 冈崎片段semi-discontinuous 半不连续的strand 链、一股hybridization 杂交melting temperature 熔融温度renaturation 复性labeled 标记的fluorescent 荧光的tag 标记、标签annealing 退火amplify 增强、扩大The central dogma 中心法则Transcription 转录initiation 起始Elongation 延伸termination 终止promoters 启动子palindrome 回文结构processing 加工splicing 拼接reverse transcription 逆转录第六章genetic code 遗传密码intermediate 中间的、媒介codons 密码子unambiguous 明确的correspond 相应、符合degenerate 简并的mutation 变异incorporation 合并nonoverlapping 不相重叠的reading frames 阅读框aminoacyl-tRNA 氨酰-tRNA peptidyl-tRNA 肽酰-tRNA stem 茎、干、臂anticodon 反密码子translocation 移位第七章metabolism 代谢Saccharides 糖类monosaccharides 单糖aldehyde group 醛基ketone group 酮基Stereoisomers 立体异构体Oligosaccharides 寡糖Glycosidic bond 糖苷键Polysaccharides 多糖Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维素Dextran 葡聚糖Amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉Glycolysis 糖酵解Cytoplasm 细胞质Glucose 葡萄糖Galactose 半乳糖Mannose 甘露糖Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Lactose 乳糖Hexokinase 己糖激酶Fructose 果糖Phosphoglucoisomerase 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶Bisphosphate 二磷酸glyceraldehydes 甘油醛dihydroxyacetone 二羟丙酮aldolase 醛缩酶triose 丙糖1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 1,3 二磷酸甘油酸dehydrogenase 脱氢酶3-phosphoglycerate 3-磷酸甘油酸kinase 激酶mutase 变位酶phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase 烯醇化酶pyruvate 丙酮酸Gluconeogenesis 糖异生Noncarbhydrate 非糖的Liver 肝脏skeletal muscle 骨骼肌phosphorylase 磷酸化酶Phosphorolysis 磷酸化pyrophosphorylase 焦磷酸化酶glucosyl 葡萄糖基nonreducing end 非还原端Epinephrine 肾上腺素glucagon 胰高血糖素Insulin 胰岛素第八章fatty acid 脂肪酸hydrocarbon 烃、碳氢化合物carboxylic acid 羧酸Unsaturated 不饱和的Triacylglycerol 三酰甘油Acetyl 乙酰基Thioester 硫酯Carnitine 肉(毒)碱Hydration 水合作用Thiolysis 硫解Consume 消耗ketone bodies 酮体acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸D-3-hydroxybutyrate D-3-羟基丁酸Acetone 丙酮diabetes 糖尿病toxic 有毒的lethal 致命的multifunctional 多功能的malonyl 丙二酰基carboxylation 羧化condensation 缩合acetoacetyl 乙酰乙酰基hydroxybutyryl 羟丁酰基crotonyl 丁烯酰基butyryl 丁酰基hydrolyzation 水解作用palmitoyl 软脂酰基palmitate 软脂酸lipoproteins 脂蛋白globular 球状的micelle 胶束、微囊第九章Respiration 呼吸作用citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环、三羧酸循环concomitant 伴随的isocitrate 异柠檬酸酸盐α-ketoglutarate α-酮戊二酸succinate 琥珀酸盐succinyl 琥珀酰基fumarate 延胡索酸盐malate 苹果酸盐oxaloacetate 草酰乙酸盐cytochrome 细胞色素oxidase 氧化酶reductase 还原酶Rotatory 旋转的engine 发动机第十章Nitrogen 氮Diet 常吃的食物Erythrose 赤藓糖Ribose 核糖Transamination 转氨基作用Deamination 脱氨基作用Transdeamination 联合脱氨基作用Ammonia 氨Excrete 排泄Aquatic 水生uric acid 尿酸terrestrial 陆生的reptile 爬行动物urea 尿素vertebrates 脊椎动物ornithine 鸟氨酸arginine 精氨酸citrullin 瓜氨酸permanently 不变地。
生物化学英文名词
第一章1,氨基酸（ amino acid ）：是含有一个碱性氨基和一个酸性羧基的有机化合物，氨基一般连在α-碳上。
2，必要氨基酸（ essential amino acid ）：指人（或其余脊椎动物）（赖氨酸，苏氨酸等）自己不可以合成，需要从食品中获取的氨基酸。
3，非必要氨基酸（ nonessential amino acid ）：指人（或其余脊椎动物）自己能由简单的前体合成不需要从食品中获取的氨基酸。
4，等电点（ pI,isoelectric point ）：使分子处于兼性分子状态，在电场中不迁徙（分子的静电荷为零）的pH 值。
5，茚三酮反应（ ninhydrin reaction ）：在加热条件下，氨基酸或肽与茚三酮反应生成紫色（与脯氨酸反应生成黄色）化合物的反应。
6，肽键（ peptide bond ）:一个氨基酸的羧基与另一个的氨基的氨基缩合，除去一分子水形成的酰氨键。
7，肽（ peptide ） :两个或两个以上氨基经过肽键共价连接形成的聚合物。
8，蛋白质一级结构（ primary structure ）：指蛋白质中共价连接的氨基酸残基的摆列序次。
9，层析（ chromatography ）:依据在挪动相和固定相（可以是气体或液体）之间的分配比率将混杂成分分开的技术。
10 ，离子交换层析（ ion-exchange column ）使用带有固定的带电基团的聚合树脂或凝胶层析柱11 ，透析（ dialysis ）：经过小分子经过半透膜扩散到水（或缓冲液）的原理，将小分子与生物大分子分开的一种分别纯化技术。
12 ，凝胶过滤层析（ gel filtration chromatography）：也叫做分子排阻层析。
一种利用带孔凝胶珠作基质，依据分子大小分别蛋白质或其余分子混杂物的层析技术。
13 ，亲合层析（affinity chromatograph ）：利用共价连接有特异配体的层析介质，分别蛋白质混杂物中能特异联合配体的目的蛋白质或其余分子的层析技术。
PEC环境工程英语证书考试-常用生态学词汇(精)
PEC环境工程英语证书考试-常用生态学词汇absolute reproductive value绝对生殖值abundance 多度abyssal zone 深海带acclimation 驯化absolute reproductive value绝对生殖值abundance 多度abyssal zone 深海带acclimation 驯化accumulation horizon 淀积层aestivation 夏眠age structure 年龄结构age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表agroecosystem 农业生态系统alleles 等位基因allelochemic 异种信息素/种间外激素Allen's rule 阿伦法则allogenic succession 异发演替allopatric speciation 异域性物种altruism 利他行为asexual reproduction 无性生殖association group 群丛组association table 群丛表association unit theory 群丛单位理论association 群丛associations 群丛Autecology 个体生态学autogenic succession 自发演替autotrophs 自养生物balancing selection hypothesize 平衡说basal area 底面积Bergman's rule 贝格曼规律bethal zone 半深海带biocoenosis 生物群落bioconcentration 生物浓缩biological enrichment 生物富集biomagnification 生物放大biomass 生物量biome 生物带bionomic strategy 生态对策biosphere生物圈bottle neck 瓶颈cannibalism 同种相食carnivores 食肉动物carring capacity 负荷量catastrophic 灾难性因素chamaephytes(Ch 地上芽植物character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 阴性植物climate climax 气候顶级climate school 气候学派climax community 顶级群落climax 顶级群落cline 渐变群closed community 封闭群落clumped 集群分布coadapted system 协同适应系统coarse grained 粗粒性分布co-dynamics 相互动态co-evolution 协同进化cohort 同生群cold desert 冷荒漠colonization 定居, 建群coloration 色泽communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落Community ecology 群落生态学community matrix 群落矩阵community organization 群落组织community 群落companion species 伴生种compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食competition coefficient 竞争系数competition hypothesis 竞争假说competitive exclusion 竞争排除competive lottery 抽彩式竞争conservation 保守主义者conspicuousness 显著度constancy 恒有度contest competition 干扰竞争contest type of competition 争夺型竞争continental rise 大陆隆continental shelf 大陆架continental slope 大陆坡convergent adaptation 趋同适应convergent oscillation 趋同波动cost of gene recombination 基因重组价cost of mating 交配价cost of meiosis 减数分裂价courtship behavior 求偶行为coverage 盖度crude density 原始密度cryptophytes(Cr 隐芽植物decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制约density effect 密度效应density ratio 密度比density-dependent 密度制约density-independent 非密度制约deterministic model 决定模型detrial food chain 碎食物链detritus feeder 食碎生物development 发育diagrammatic life table 图解式生命表diapause 滞育differential species 区别种diffuse competition 分散竞争。
生物英语证书（PEC）考试常用词汇
生物英语证书考试(PEC)常用词汇AA band A带abasic site 脱碱基位点,无碱基位点abaxia l 远轴的abequo se 阿比可糖aberra nt splici ng 异常剪接aberra tion象差;失常abioge nesis自然发生论,无生源论ablast in 抑殖素[抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体]abnorm al distri butio n 非正态分布abnorm al 异常,失常;畸形,跨变abrin相思豆毒蛋白ABO bloodgroupsystem ABO 血型系统aborig inalmouse原生鼠aborti n 流产素aborti on 流产,败育aborti ve egg 败育卵aborti ve infect ion 流产(性)感染aborti ve transd uctio n 流产(性)转导abscis ic acid(ABA) 脱落酸sbscis sion脱落absolu te 绝对的absolu te config urati on 绝对构垄absolu te counti ng 绝对测量absolu te deviat ion 绝对偏差accept or site 接纳位点,接受位点accept or splici ng site (=splice accept or) 剪接受体accept or stem [tRNA的]接纳茎access ible可及的access ble promot er 可及启动子access iblesurfac e 可及表面access ory 零件,附件;辅助的access ory cell 佐细胞access ory chromo some(≈supenu memra ry chromo sume)副染色体access ory factor辅助因子access ory nucleu s 副核access ory pigmen t 辅助色素access ory protei n 辅助蛋白(质〕accide nt variat ion 偶然变异accomm odati on 顺应accumu latio n 积累,累积accura cy 准确度acenap bthen e 二氢苊acene并苯acentr ic 无着丝粒的acentr ic-dicent ric transl ocati on无着丝粒-双着丝粒易位acentr ic fragme nt(=kineti c fragme nt) 无着丝粒断片acentr ic ring 无着丝粒环acetal缩醛acetal dehyd e 乙醛acetal resin缩醛树脂acetam idase乙酰胺酶acetam ide 乙酰胺acetat e 乙酸盐acetic acid(AcOH,HAc) 乙酸,醋酸acetic acid bacter ia 乙酸菌,醋酸菌acetic anhydr ile 乙酸酐acetif icati on 乙酸化作用,醋化作用acetin乙酸甘油酯,三乙酰甘油酯acetoa cetic acid 乙酰乙酸acetob acter醋杆菌属acetog en 产乙酸菌aoetog enicbacter ia 产乙酸菌aceton e 丙酮aceton e body(=ketone body)酮体aceton e/butano l fermen tatio n丙酮-丁醇发酵aceton e powder丙酮制粉[在-30℃以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物] aceton itril e 乙睛acetyl(Ac) 乙酰基acetyl- DL-aminoacid 乙酰-DL-氨基酸2-acetyl amino fluor ene 2-乙酰氨基芴acetyl choli ne(Ach) 乙酰胆碱acetyl choHn e agonis t 乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetyl choli ne steras e(AchE) 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetyl choli ne recept or(AchR)乙酰胆碱受体acetyl coenzy me A乙酰辅酶 Aacetyl ene 乙炔acetyl ene reduct ion test 乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力]N-acetyl galac tosam ine(GalNAc) N-乙酰半乳糖胺.N-acetyl gluco samin e(GlcNAc)N-乙酰葡糖胺acetyl gluco samin idase乙酰葡垮胺糖苷酶acetyl gluta matesynthe tase乙酰谷氨酸合成酶N-acetyl muram yl acid N-乙酰胞壁酸N-acetyl muram yl pentap eptil e N-乙酰胞壁酰五肽N-acetyl neura minic acid(NeuNAc) N-乙酰神经氨酸acetyl salic ylate乙酰水杨酸;乙酰水杨酸盐,酯,根acetyl salic ylicacid(AsA) 乙酰水杨酸acctyl sapir amyci n 乙酰螺旋霉素achira l 非手性的achole plasm a 无胆甾原体[属名用Ach olepl asma]achrom atic消色的;消色差的achrom aticco1or无色achrom aticlens 消色差透镜achrom itin非染色质A chromo someA染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体(不同于B染色体)] acid 酸acid-base balanc e 酸碱平衡acid-base cataly sis 酸碱催化acid-base cataly zed reacti on酸碱催化反应acid-base equili brium酸碱平衡acid-base indica tor 酸碱指示剂acid-base metabo lism酸碱代谢acid-base titrat ion 酸碱滴定acid-base transi tion酸碱转换acid cataly sis 酸催化acid-fast staini ng 抗酸染色法acid fibrob lastgrowth factor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsi n 酸性品红acid glycop rotei n 酸性糖蛋白acid hydrol yzedcasein酸水解酪蛋白acidic酸性的acidic aminoacid 酸性氨基酸acidif icati on 酸化(作用)acidic protei n 酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidic transa ctiva tor 酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transc ripti on activa tor 酸性转录激活蛋白acidif ying酸化(作用)acid medium酸性培养基acid mucopo lysac chari de 酸性粘多糖acidol ysis酸解acidop hilia嗜酸性acidop hilic bacter ia 嗜酸菌acidop hilou s milk 酸奶acid phosph atase酸性磷酸酶acid-produc ing bacter ia 产酸菌acid protea se(=aspart ic protea se) 酸性蛋白酶acid solven t 酸性溶剂aclaci nomyc in 阿克拉霉素activa tingtransc ripti on factor(A TF) 转录激活因子activa tion激活;活化activa tionanalys is 活化分析activa tionenergy活化能activa tor 激活物,激活剂,激活蛋白activa tor dissoc iatio n system Ac-Ds system) 激活解离系统activa tor protei n(AP) 激活蛋白active absorp tion主动吸收active biomas s 活生物质active carbon活性炭active center(=active site) 活性中心active chroma tin 活性染色质active dry yeast活性干酵母active esterof aminoacid 氨基酸的活化酯active hydrog en 活性氢active hydrog en compou nds 活性氢化合物active immuni ty 主动免疫active oxygen活性氧active site 活性部位,活性中心active transp ort 主动转运active uptake主动吸收activi n 活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素]activi ty 活性,活度,(放射性)活度actomy osin肌动球蛋白actoph orin载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute急性的acuteinfect ion 急性感染acutephase急性期acutephaseprotei n(= acutephasereacti ve protei n) 急性期蛋白,急相蛋白acutephasereacti on 急性期反应,急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应]acutephasereacti ve protei n 急性期反应蛋白,急相反应蛋白acutephaserespon se(=acutephasereacti on) 急性期反应,急相反应ac ute-phaseserum急性期血清acutetoxici ty 急性毒性acycli c nucleo tide无环核苷酸acyclo guano sine无环鸟苷,9-(2-羟乙氧甲基)鸟嚓呤acyclo vir(ACV)(=acyclo gua-nosme)无环鸟苷acyl 酰基acylam ino acid 酰基氨基酸acylas e 酰基转移酶acylat ion 酰化acylat ing agent酰化剂acyl azide酰叠氮acyl bromid e 酰溴acyl carrie r protei n(ACP) 酰基载体蛋白acyl cation酰(基)正离子acyl chlori de 酰氯acyl coenzy me A(acyl CoA)脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluori de 酰氟acyl halide酰卤acyloi n 偶姻acyltr ansfe rase酰基转移酶affini ty column亲和柱affini ty coupli ng 亲和偶联affini ty ectron micros copy亲和电镜(术)affini ty extrat ion 亲和提取,亲和萃取affini ty ltrati on 亲和过滤affini ty-isolat ed antibo dy 亲和分离的抗体affini ty labeli ng 亲和标记affini ty ligand苯和配体affini ty matura tion亲和力成熟[见于体液免疫系统的发育]affini ty partio ning亲和分配affini ty precip itati on 亲和沉淀affini ty purifi catio n 亲和纯化(法)affini ty tag (附加)亲和标记物aflato xin 黄曲霉毒素after-effect后效agar 琼脂agaras e 琼脂糖酶agar diffus ion test 琼脂扩散试验agarfi tine伞菌氨酸agar gel 琼脂胶agaric in 蘑菇素agaric inicacid 蘑菇酸agarop ectin琼脂胶agaros e 琼脂糖agaros e gel 琼脂糖凝胶agaros e gel electr ophor esis琼脂糖凝胶电泳agaros e plate琼脂糖平板agar plate琼脂平板agar slant琼脂斜面[固化时斜放的,装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基;也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔]agent剂;介质age pigmen t 老年色素agglut inati on 凝集(作用)agglut inin凝集素agglut inoge n凝集原aggrec an 聚集蛋白聚糖[来自软骨]aggreg ate 聚集体,凝聚体aggreg ation聚集(作用)aggres sin 攻击素[细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质]aggres sivit y 攻击力aging衰老,老化,陈化agitat ion 振荡,振摇,搅拌agitat or 振荡器,搅拌器aglyco n(e) 苷元,糖苷配基agonis t 兴奋剂,激动剂,刺激物;竞争剂;拮抗剂agranu1ocyt e 无粒细胞agravi tropi sm 无向重力性agreto pe [抗原]限制位[抗原上识别并结合Ⅱ类主要组织相容性复合体的部位]agricu ltura l alcoho l 农产品(制)酒精agricu ltura waste农业废物,农业垃圾ag rin 集聚蛋白,集聚素[由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集]arachn oid 蛛网膜ara operon阿(拉伯)糖操纵子arbitr arily primed PCR 任意引物PC Rarbitr ation analys is (=refere e analys is) 仲裁分析arbovi rus 虫媒病毒arc 弧;电弧archen teron原肠archeo bacte ria 古细菌arches poriu m(=sporog omum)孢原细胞archit ectur e 结构,构造arenav irus沙粒病毒[斛名用are navir idae]argini nase精氨酸酶argini ne(Arg,R) 精氨酸argini ne-fork 精氨酸叉[与RNA的识别有关]argini ne vasopr essin (A vP)精氨酸升压素,精氨酸加压素8-argini ne vasoto cin(AvT)(=vasoto cin) 8-精催产素,8-精加压催产素argini nosuc cinic acid 精氨(基)琥珀酸argul(Ar) 氩aril 假种皮arithm eticaverag e deviat ion 算术平均偏差arithm eticmean 算术均数arm 臂[如染色体臂,噬菌体臂,连接臂等]arm ratio[染色体]臂比anmywo rm 粘虫[如草地贪夜蛾]arnold steamsteril izer流通蒸汽灭菌器aromat ic 芳香(族)的aromat ic aminoacid 芳香(族)氨基酸aromat ic compou nd 芳香(族)化合物aromat ic hydroc arbon芳(香)烃aromat ic hydroc arbon recept or(Ah recept or) 芳(香)烃受体array数组;列阵;一批arrest抑制;扣留;停滞arrest in [视紫红质]抑制蛋白[可与视紫红质结合,使其受体与转导素解偶联]Arrhen ius equati on 阿伦尼乌斯方程Arrhen ius theory阿伦尼乌斯理论Bbackgr ound背景,本底backgr oundabsorp tion背景吸收backgr oundabsorp tioncorrec tion背景吸收校正backgr oundcorrec tion背景校正baekgr oundfactor背景因子backgr oundgenoty pe 背景基因型[与所研究的表型直接相关的基因以外的全部基因] backgr oundhybrid izati on 背景杂交backgr oundradiat ion 背景辐射,本底辐射backmi xing反向混合bacter iosta sis抑菌(作用)bacter iosta t 抑菌剂bacter iotox in细菌毒素bacter iotro pin 亲菌素bacter ium(复:bacter ia) 细菌batero id 类菌体bacto-gar细菌培养用琼脂baculo virus杆状病毒bag sealer封边机bkersyeast面包酵母baking soda 小苏打balanc e 天平;平衡balanc ed hetero karyo n 平衡异核体balanc e lethal平衡致死balanc ed lethal gene 平衡致死基因balanc ed linkag e 平衡连锁balanc ed pathog enici ty 平衡致病性balanc ed polymo rphis m 平衡多态性balanc ed salt soluti on(Bss) 平衡盐溶液balanc ed soluti on 平衡溶液balanc ed transl ocati on 平衡易位H[低精度的三维结构实体模型]ball mill 球磨ball millin g 球磨研磨ball mill pulver izer球磨粉碎机balloo n cathet er 气囊导管[用于基因送递,如将DNA导人血管壁]BAL 31 nuclea se BAI,核酸酶banana bond 香蕉键band 条带,带[于电泳,离心等]band broade ning条带加宽bandin g patter n 带型bandin g techni que 显带技术,分带技术band sharpe ning条带变细,条带锐化band width带宽barbit urate巴比妥酸盐barium(Ba) 钡barlystripmosaic virus(BSMv)大麦条纹花叶病毒barlyyellow dwarfv irus(BYDv)大麦黄矮病毒barnas e 芽胞杆菌RN A酶[于解淀粉芽胞杆菌]baroph ilicbacter ia 嗜压菌barore cepto r 压力感受器barota xis 趋压性barotr oplis m 向压性bidire ction al promot er 双向启动子bidire ction l replic ation双向复制bidire ction l transc ripti on 双向转录bidire ction al transl ocati on 双向运输bienni al plant二年生植物bifunc tiona l agent双功能试剂bifunc tiona l antibo dy 双功能抗体bifunc tiona l cataly st 双官能催化剂,双功能催化剂bifunc tiona l initia tor 双官能引发剂,双功能引发剂bifunc tiona l interc alato r 双功能嵌人剂,双功能插入剂bifunc tiona l linker双功能接头bifunc tiona l vector双功能载体bifurc atedhydrog en bond 分叉氢键biglyc an 双糖链蛋白聚糖[有两条糖胺聚糖链] bibter al symmet ry 两侧对称,左右对称bilaye r 双层[时特指脂双层]bile acid 胆汁酸bile pigmen t 胆汁色素bile salt 胆汁盐bile salt micell e 胆汁盐微团,胆汁盐胶团,胆汁盐胶束Bili-[头]胆汁bilin胆汁三烯bilino gen 胆汁烷bilino gens后胆色素原类bilins后胆色素类biliru bin 胆红素biliru bin glucur onide胆红素葡糖苷酸bilive rdin胆绿素bimeta llicenzyme双金属酶bimole cular lipidmembra ne 双分子脂膜bimole cular reacti on 双分子反应bimole cmlar reduct ion 双分子还原(反应)Binary fissio n 二分裂bindin结合蛋白bindin g site 结合位点,结合部位binocu lar micros cope双目显微镜binoda l curve双结点曲线binomi al distri butio n 二项(式)分布binomi al nomenc latur e 双名法bioact ive molecu le 生物活性分子bioact ive peptid e 生物活性肽bioact ive polyme r 生物活性高分子,生物活性聚合物bioact ivity生物(学)活性bioami ne 生物胺bioass ay 生物测定,生物学鉴定(法)bioast ronau tics生物航天学bioaut ograp hy 生物自显影(法)BioBea ds resin[商] BioBea ds树脂[Bio-rad公司商品,可用于层析及多肽合成]BioBre ne soluti on [商] BioBre ne溶液[由Appli ed Bio-system s公司生产的一种Po ly-brene类聚卤化季铵盐的溶液biocab ina 生物舱biocat alysi s 生物催化biocat alyst生物催化剂biocer amic生物陶瓷bioche mical生化试剂,生化药品bioche mical engine ering生化工程bioche mical fuel cell 生化燃料电池bioche mical medium生化培养基bioche mical mutant生化突变体,生化突变型bioche mical oxygen demand(BOD) 生化需氧量bioche mical polymo rphis m 生化多态性bioche mistr y 生物化学biochi p 生物芯片biochr onome try 生物钟学biocid e 抗微生物剂,抗生剂biocli mate生物气候bioloc k 生物钟bicoen osis生物群落biocom munit y(=biocoe nosis) 生扬群落biocom puter生物计算机biocon trol=biolog icalcontro l)生铂防治;生物控制biocon trolsystem生物控制系统biocon versi on 生物转化[如利用微生物酶改造有机化合物的分子结构]biocos monau tics生物宇航学biocyb ernet ics 生物控制论biocyt in 生物胞素,ε-N-生物素-L-赖氨酸biodeg radab le (可被)生物降解的biodeg radab le plasti cs (可被)生物降解(的)塑料biodeg radat ion 生物降解(作用)biodeg radat ion pathwa y 生物降解途径biodet erior ation生物致劣(作用)[生物体的生命活动而造成物质的物理或化学性质改变及质量降低]biodiv ersit y 生物多样性Bio-Dotmic rofil trati on appara tus [商] Bio-Dot微置过滤装置[Bio-Rad公司商品,可用于蛋白质或核酸溶液的抽滤,并能使样品在滤膜上形成规则的斑点或狭线]bioele ctrem istry生物电化学bioele ctron ics 生物电子学bioene rgeti cs 生物能学bioeng ineer ing 生物工程(学)bioeth ics 生物伦理学[讨论生物学研究(如基因工程,器官移植等)所涉及的伦理问题]biofee dback生物反馈biofil ter 生物滤器Bonded phase键合相Bonded-phasechroma togra phy键合相层析bodedsilica键合硅bonded statio naryphase键合固定相Bondin g orbita l 成键轨道bondin g region键(合)区bond length键长bond moment键矩bond order键级bond srengt h 键强度bond valenc e 键价bond valenc e bond length corre-lation键长关联bone 骨,骨骼bone marrow骨髓bone marrow ceIl 骨髓细胞bone marrow stem cell 骨髓干细胞bone marrow transp lanta ion骨髓移植bone morpho genet ic protei n(BMP) 骨形态发生蛋白,骨形成蛋白booste r imuniz ation加强免疫borax硼砂bordet ella包特菌属bordet ellapertss is 百日咳杆菌boron(B) 硼borrel idin疏螺体素botany植物学bottle neck 瓶颈bott1e neck effect瓶颈效应bottom fermen tatio n 下面发酵bottom phase下相bottom yeast下面酵母botu1i nus toxin肉毒杆菌毒素bounda ry 边界;界面bounda ry elemen t 边界元件bounda ry layer边界层bounda ry lipid界面脂′bounda ry zone 界面区boundauxin束缚生长素boundwater结合水,束缚水bouque t stage花束期bovine牛bovine leukem ia virus(BLV)牛白血病病毒bovine pancea tic ribonu cleas e 牛胰RNA酶bovine pancre atictrypsi n inhibi ttor(BPTI) 牛胰胰蛋白酶抑制剂bovine papill omavi rus[BPV)牛乳头瘤病毒bovine serumalbumi n(BSA)牛血清白蛋白bovine spleen phosph odies teras e 牛脾磷酸二酯酶bovine viraldiarrh ea virus(BVDV) 牛病毒性腹泻病毒[归于黄病毒科瘟病毒属] Bowman-Birk protea se inhibi torBowman—Birk蛋白酶抑制剂[见于豆科植物种子]box 箱;匣,盒;框brachi onect in(= tenasc in) 臂粘连蛋白brady[词头] 缓慢bradyk inin缓激肽bradyk ininpotent iatin g peptid e缓激肽增强肽Braggangle布拉格角bulldo g clamp动脉夹bumble bee venom熊蜂毒bumpin g 暴沸,进沸bundle束bundle sheath (维管)束鞘bungar otoxi n 银环蛇毒紊Bunsen burner本生灯Bunsen cone 本生焰锥Bunsen eudiom eter本生量气管Bunsen f1ame本生焰bunyav irus布尼乎病毒[科名用Bun yavir idae]Bunyam weravirus布尼奥罗病毒buoyan t densit y 浮力密度buoyan t densit y centri fugat ion浮力密度离心buret滴定管buried residu es 隐蔽残基Burkit t lympho ma 伯基特淋巴瘤bursaof Fabric ius 法氏囊,腔上囊bursin法氏囊肽bursop oieti n(=bursin) 法氏囊生成素Ccalcit onin(CT) 降钙素alciut ouin-gene- relate d peptid e(CGRP)降钙素基因相关calici um(Ca) 钙calciu m bindin g protei n 钙结合蛋白(质)calciu m bindin g site 钙结合部位calciu m/calmod ulin—depend entprotei n kinase依赖(于)钙-钙调蛋白的蛋白激酶calciu m channe l 钙通道alcium chloHd e 氯化钙calciu m—depend ent neutra l protea se (=calpai n) 依赖(于)钙的中性蛋白酶calciu m-depend ent protei n 依(赖于)钙(的)蛋白(质)calciu m influx钙流入calciu m mediat ory protei n 钙中介蛋白(质)calciu m phoqha te 磷酸钙calciu m phosph ate prcipi tatio n磷酸钙沉淀calciu m phosph ate—DNA copre-cipita te 磷酸钙一DN A共沉淀物calciu m phosph ate-DNA copre-cipita tion磷酸钙→DNA共沉淀calciu m pump 钙氟calciu m sensor protei n 钙传感蛋白(质)calciu m seques trath n 集钙(作用)calcyc lin 钙(细胞)周期蛋白calcyp hosin e 钙磷蛋白[是依赖于cA MP的蛋白激酶的磷酸化底物]caldes mon 钙调(蛋白)结合蛋白[主要见于平滑肌,可与钙调蛋白及肌动蛋白结合]calele ctrin(=annexi nⅥ) 钙电蛋白[最初发现于鳗鱼电器官的一种钙结合蛋白Cal f intest inalalkali ne phosph atase(CIP)(小)牛小肠碱性磷酸酶calf serum小牛血清calfth ymus小牛胸腺calgra nulin钙粒蛋白calibr ation校准,标准calibr ation curve校正曲线calibr ation filter校准滤光片calibr ation protei n 校准蛋白calich eamyc im 刺孢霉素[来自刺孢小单胞菌的抗肿瘤抗生素,带有二炔烯官能团]calici virus杯状病毒[科名用Cal icivi ridae]callos e 胼胝质,愈伤葡聚糖,capsom er(e) (病毒)壳粒capsul ar polysa cchar ide 荚膜多糖capsul ation包囊化(作用),胶囊化(作用)capsul e 荚膜capsul e swelli ng reacti on 荚膜肿胀反应captur e 捕捉,俘获captur e antige n(=coatin g antige n) 捕捉抗原[酶免疫测定中用于捕捉抗体的抗原] captur e assay捕捉试验carbam yl 氨甲酰基carbam ylati on 氨甲酰化carbam yl ornith ine 氨甲酰鸟氨酸carbam ylpho sphat e 氨甲酰磷酸carbam yl phosph ate synthe tase氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbam yl transf erase氨甲酰(基)转移酶carban ion 碳负离子carban yl group羰基cirben e 卡宾carben icill in 羧苄青霉素carben oid 卡宾体carboc ation碳正离子carbod iimid e 碳二亚胺carboh ydrat e 糖类,碳水化合物carboh ydrat e bindin g protei n糖结合蛋白carboh ydrat e finger print ing 糖指纹分析carboh ydrat e mappin g 糖作图,糖定位Carboh ydrat e-protei n intera cttio n 糖-蛋白质相互作用carboh ydrat e sequen cing糖测序carbol fuchsi n 石炭酸品红carbol ine 咔啉,二氮芴cirbon(C) 碳carbon assimi htion碳同化carbon ate 碳酸盐,碳酸酯carbon atedplant碳化植物carbon balanc e 碳平衡carbon cyclin g 碳循环carbon dioxid e 二氧化碳carbon dioxid e compen satio npoin t 二氧化碳补偿点carbon dioxid e fertil iatio n 二氧化碳施肥carbon dioxid e fixati on 二氧化碳固定carbon dioxid e tensio n 二氧化碳张力carbon fiber碳纤维carbon fixath n 碳固定carbon ic anhydr ase 碳酸酐酶carbon isotop e 碳同位素carbon isotop e analys is 碳同位素分析carbon isotop e compos ition碳同位素组成carbon ium ion 碳正离子carbon monoxi de 一氧化碳carbon source碳源carbon yl 羰基carbon ylati on 羰基化carbox ydism utase羧基歧化酶,核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶Carbox ydotr ophic bacter ia 二氧化碳营养菌基质相互作用Cell-mediat ed immuni nity(CMI)细胞(介导)免疫Cell mediat ed lympho cytot oxity细胞介导的淋巴细胞毒性cll membra ne (细)胞膜cll migrat ion 细胞迁移cll mobili ty 细胞运动性cell motili ty(= cell mobili ty)细胞运动性cell moveme nt 细胞运动cell mutati on 细胞突变cellob iose纤维二糖酶celloi se 纤维二糖cellob iuron ic acid 纤维二糖醛酸cello-oligos accha ride纤维寡糖cellos olve溶纤剂,纤溶剂cellot riose纤维三糖cell parame ters(=lattic e parame ters)晶胞参数cell permea biliz ntion细胞透化(作用)[使细胞的通透性增加lcell polari ty 细胞极性cell recogn ition细胞识别cell recycl e 细胞再循环[如见于发酵工艺]cell reposi tory(=cell bank) 细胞库cell respir ation细胞呼吸cell ruptur e 细胞破裂,细胞破碎cell rhythm细胞节律cell satter ing factor细胞分散因子cell scrape r 细胞刮棒cell senesc ence(=cell aging)细胞衰老cell shape细胞形状cell signal ing 细胞信号传导,细胞信号发放cell sociol ogy 细胞社会学cell sorter细胞分选仪cell sortin g 细胞分选cell strain细胞株[从原代培养或细胞系获得,具有特定性质或标志并在晦后培养期间始终保持]cell substr ain 细胞亚株cell substr ate attach ment细胞基底附着cell substr ate intera ction细胞-基底相互作用cell surfac e 细胞表面cell surfac e recept or 细胞表面受体cell surfac e recogn ition细胞表面识别cell target ing 细胞寻靶cell theory细胞学说cell therap y 细胞治疗[如LAK,TIL等方法]cell transf omati on 细胞转化cell tropis m 细胞嗜性cell typing细胞分型cellul ar 细胞的;微孔的cellul ar compar tment细胞区室cellul ar immuni ty 细胞免疫cellul ar immuno logy细胞免疫学cellul ar locali zatio n 细胞定位cellul ar materi al 微孔材料cellul ar oncoge ne(c-oncoge ne)细胞癌基因chemil umino metry化学发光分析(法)chemio smosi s 化学渗透chemio smoti c hypoth esis化学渗透假说chemio smoti c theory化学渗透理论chemis orpti on 化学吸附chemis try 化学chemo- [词头] 化学chemoa ttrac tant化学引诱物,化学吸引物,趋化物chemoa ttrac tingcytoki ne 趋化demilu minom etry化学发光分析(法)chemio smosi s 化学渗透chemio smoti c hypoth esis化学渗透假说chemio smoti c theory化学渗透理论chemis orpti on 化学吸附chemis try 化学chemo- [词头] 化学chemoa ttrac tant化学引诱物,化学吸引物,趋化物chemoa ttrac tingcytoki ne 趋化chemoo rgano troph y 化能有机营养chemor ecept ion 化学感受(作用)chemor ecept or 化学感受器chemor epell alt 化学排斥物chemos ensor y neuron感化性神经元chemos ensor y transd ucer感化性传导物chemos mosis(=chemio smosi s)化学渗透chemos tat 恒化器chemos tat cultur e 恒化培养(物)chemos ynthe sis 化能合成chemot actic cytoki ne 趋化细胞因子chemot actic factor趋化因子chemot actic lipid趋化脂质chemot actic peptid e 趋化肽chemot actic repell ant 化学拒斥剂chemot axin趋化因子,趋化物che motax is 趋化性[(细胞)随环境中化学物质的分布梯度作定向运动]chemot herap eutan t 化疗剂chemot herap eutic agent化疗剂chemot herap eutic s 化疗药物chemot herap y 化疗,化学疗法ch emotr ophy化能营养chemot ropis m 向化性[因环境中化学物质的浓度梯度而引起细胞的定向生长]chemot ype 化学型chemov ar 化学变型chromo somal disord er 染色体病chromo somal DNA染色体DNAchromo somal domain染色体结构域chromo somal elimin ation染色体丢失,染色体消减chromo somal locali zatio n 染色体定位chromo somaI mutati on 染色体突变chromo somaI patter n 染色体型chromo somal poIymo rphis m 染色体多态性chromo somal puff 染色体胀泡,染色体疏松chromo somal rearra ngeme nt染色体重排chromo somal scaffo ld 染色体支架chromo some染色体chromo someaberra tion染色体畸变chromo someabnorm alty染色体异常chromo somearm 染色体臂chromo someband 染色体带chromo somebandin g techni que染色体显带技术chromo someblotti ng 染色体印迹[通过脉冲电场凝胶电泳分离染色体D NA并进行South ern印迹]chromo somebreaka ge 染色体断裂chromo somebridge染色体桥chromo somecenter(=chromo cente r) 染色中心chromo somecoilin g 染色体螺旋chromo somecomple ment染色体组chromo somecore 染色体轴chromo somecrawli ng 染色体缓移chromo somecycle染色体周期c hromo somedamage染色体损伤chromo somedeleti on 染色体缺失chromo somedoubbl ing 染色体加倍chromo somedublic ation染色体重复chromo someelimin ation染色体丢失,染色体消减chromo someengine ering染色体工程(学)chromo someevolut ion 染色体进化chromo someexchan ge 染色体交换chromo someflow sortin g 染色体流式分选(法)chromo somefragme ntati on 染色体断裂chromo somefusion染色体融合chromo somegap 染色体间隙,染色体裂隙chromo someinterc hange染色体互换chromo somejumpin g 染色体跳查conden ser 冷凝器;聚光器conden singagent凝聚剂[大分子群集作用的促进剂]缩合剂[缩合反应的催化剂];冷凝剂condit ion 条件condit ional cytoto xic 条件致细胞毒condit ional lethal条件致死condit ional lethal mutant条件致死突变体,条件致死突变型condit ional lethal mutati on 条件致死突变condit ional mutant条件突变体,条件突变型,条件突变株condit ional mutati on 条件突变condit ioned medium条件培养基,条件培养液condit iomdpathog en 条件致病菌,条件致病病原体condit ionin g 调节,调理,再生conduc tion传导conduc tivit y 电导率,导电率;导电性;传导率;传导性conduc tivit y detect or 电导率检测器conduc tivit y water电导水comduc tomet er 电导计conduc tomet ric titrat ion 电导滴定(法)conduc tomet ry 电导分析(法)cone 锥,圆锥体cone and plateviscom eter锥板式粘度计confde nce coefti cient置信系数confde ng interv al 置信区间confid encelimit置信限config urati on 构型confgu ratio nal disord er 构型无序confgu ratio nal unit 构型单元confir mator y sequen cing确证性测序,证实性测序confir mator y test 确证试验,证实试验conflu ent 汇合的,融合的,连生的,铺满的conflu ent cultiv ation铺满培养conflu ent cultur e 铺满培养物,铺满培养conflu ent monola yer cells(汇合)成片的单层细胞,铺满的单层细胞confor matio n 构象confor matio nal analys ls 构象分析confor matio nal change构象变化confor matio nal detemi nant构象(性)决定簇confor matio nal disord er 构象无序confor matio nal epitop e 构象(性)表位confor matio nal invers ion 构象反转confor matio nnl repeat ing unit构象重复单元confor matio nal restri ction构象限制(性)confor matio nal simila rity构象相似性confor matio nal switch构象转换(器),构象开关confor matio nal witchi ng 构象转换crosslink 交联;交联键cross-linked交联的cross-linked gel 交联凝胶cross-linked networ k 交联网络coss-linked polyme r(=threedimens ional polyme r) 交联聚合物crossl inker交联剂crossl inkin g 交联crosdi nking agent交联剂crossl inHng densit y 交联密度crossl inkin g group交联基crossl inkin g index交联指数crossmatchi ng 交叉配血(试验)crossneutra1izat ion 交叉中和crossv er flixat ion交换固定crossv er suppre ssor交换抑制因子crossv er unit 交换单位crossv er value交换值coss phosph oryla tion交叉磷酸化crosspollin ation异体受粉,异花传粉crossprotec tion交叉保护cross-reacti ng antibo dy 交叉反应抗体cross-reacti ng antige n 交叉反应抗原cross-reacti ng determ inant(CRD) 交叉反应决定簇crossreacti on 交叉反应crossreacti vatio n 交叉复活crossregula tion交叉调节,交互调节crosssectio n 截面,横切面cross-steril ity 杂交不育,杂交不育性crosst alk 串话,通讯crotap olin(= crotox in A) 响尾蛇毒素Acrotin巴豆毒蛋白crotox in 响尾蛇毒素crowngall 冠瘿crowngall nodule冠瘿瘤crucib le 坩埚crucif oml 十字形,十字形结构crucif oml loop 十字形环[双股反向重复序列的每一股分别自我配对而形成] crucif orm struct ure 十字形结构crude粗的,粗制的crudeextrac t 粗提物crudeproduc t 粗制品crusta cyani n 虾青蛋白,甲壳蓝蛋白cryo-[词头]冷,冻cryobi o1ogy低温生物学cryoco ncent ratio n 低温浓缩cryocr ystal1ogra phy 低温晶体学cryoel ectro n micros copy冷冻电(子显微)镜术cryofi xatio n 冷冻固定cryoge n 冷冻剂,制冷剂cryoge nic g1ove低温防护手套cryoge nic purifi catio n 深低温纯化cryoge nic refrig erato r 低温冰箱cryoge nics低温实验法cryoge nic separa tion深低温分离cytopl asmic region胞质区[如指跨膜蛋白的胞内区]cytopl asmic stream ing(=cyclos is) 胞质环流cytopl asmic tall 胞质尾区[如指跨膜蛋白的胞内小区]cytopl asm IgM 胞质IgM,胞质免疫球蛋白Mcytopl ast 胞质体cytorh eolog y 细胞流变学cytoso l 胞质溶胶cytoso lic locali zatio p. 胞质定位cytoso lic space胞质腔cytoso l recept or 胞质受体cytoso me(=cytopl ast) 胞质体cytost aticfactor细胞静止因子cytota ctin(=tenasc in) 腱生蛋白cytoto xic 细胞毒的cytoto xicit y 细胞毒性cytoto xic T cell(Tc)(=cytoto xic T lympho cyte)细胞毒性T细胞cytoto xic T lympho cyte(CTL,Tc) 细胞毒性Υ淋巴细胞cytoto xin 细胞毒素cytotr opism细胞向性cytovi llin细胞绒毛蛋白[见于微绒毛,可作用于肌动蛋白丝]Ddalton道尔顿[符号D,Da]dammar ane 达玛烷dammar anety pe 达玛烷型Dane partic le 丹氏粒[型肝炎病毒的完整毒粒]danger ous 危险的dansyl丹(磺)酰,l-二甲氨基萘—5-磺酰dansyl chlor ide 丹磺酰氯dansyl method丹磺酰法dantro lene硝苯呋海因[肉松弛剂]dark curren t 暗电流dark field暗视野,暗视场dark-fieldmicros cope暗视野显微镜,暗视场显微镜dark-fieldmicros copy暗视野显微术,暗视场显微术dark reacti on 暗反应dark repair暗修复dark respir ation暗呼吸dark room 暗室,晴房dark seed 需暗种子data(单:datum)数据,资料data accumu latio n 数据累积data acquis ition数据获取decidu ous leaf 落叶declin e phase细胞生长曲线的衰亡期decoag ulant(= antico agula nt)抗凝剂decodi ng 译码,解码decomp oser分解者指具有分解动植物残体或其排泄物能力的微生物: decomp ressi on 降压,减压decond ensat ion 解凝(聚)decont amina nt 净化剂,去污剂decont amina tingagent(=decont amina nt) 净化剂,去污剂decont amina tion净化,去污decori n 核心蛋白聚糖[一种基质蛋白聚糖,又称为PG-40]dediff erent iatio n 去分化,脱分化deep∞lony深层菌落deep etchin g 深度蚀刻deep refrig erati on 深度冷冻deep—shaftairlif t fermen tor 深井气升式发酵罐deep shaftsystem深井系统dretio latio n 去黄化,脱黄化defect ive interf ering(DI) 缺损干扰defect ive mufant缺损突变体,。
（完整版）生物化学专业英语单词
（完整版）生物化学专业英语单词单词表第一章Prokaryote 原核生物Eukaryote 真核生物fractionation 分级、分馏biomolecule 生物分子organism 生物体、有机体membrane 膜nucleus 细胞核cocci 球菌bacilli 杆菌spirilla 螺旋菌Eubacteria 真细菌Archaebacteria 原细菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性菌Gram negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Cyanobacteria 蓝细菌Plasma 细胞浆Mesosome 间体Nuleoid 拟核Sytosol 细胞质、原生质Bilayer 双分子层（膜）Protein 蛋白质Lipid 脂类Carbohydrate 糖类、碳水化合物osmotic pressure 渗透压Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Subcellular 亚细胞的Ganelle 细胞器Genetic 遗传的Chromosome 染色体ribosomal ribonucleic acid rRNA Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Phospholipid 磷脂Detoxification 解毒Golgi apparatus 高尔基体Refresh 更新Mitochondria 线粒体oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化fatty acid 脂肪酸degradation 降解Chloroplasts 叶绿体thylakoid vesicles 类囊体photosynthesis 光合作用Lysosomes 溶酶体Macromolecule 大分子Enzyme 酶Cytoskeleton 细胞支架Metabolic 新陈代谢的Centrifugation 离心Isolate 分离Equilibrium 平衡Density 密度Friction 摩擦力Velocity 速率Supernatant 上清夜Pellet 沉淀第二章Amino acid 氨基酸Enantiomers 对映体T etrahedral 正四面体的Hydrophobic 疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic 脂肪族的Aromatic 芳香族的Polar 极性的Charged 带电荷的Glycine Gly,甘氨酸alanine Ala,丙氨酸valine Val,缬氨酸leucine Leu,亮氨酸isoleucine Ile,异亮氨酸methionine Met,甲硫氨酸proline Pro,脯氨酸cystine Cys,半胱氨酸Phenylalanine Phe,苯丙氨酸Tyrosine Tyr,酪氨酸Tryptophan Trp,色氨酸Asparagines Asn, 天冬酰胺Glutamine Gln,谷氨酰胺Serine Ser,丝氨酸Threonine Thr,苏氨酸Varginine Arg, 精氨酸Lysine Lys,赖氨酸Histidine His,组氨酸aspartic acid Asp,天冬氨酸glutamic acid Glu,谷氨酸base 碱carboxyl 羧基isoelectric point 等电点positive 正的、阳性的negative 负的、阴性的buffering 缓冲physiological 生理的Primary structure 一级结构Secondary structure 二级结构Tertiary structure 三级结构Quaternary structure 四级结构peptide bond 肽键sequence 顺序、序列covalent Bond 共价键polypeptide 多肽terminal 末端carbonyl 羰基resonance structures 共振结构rigid 刚性的rotate 旋转trans configuration 顺式构象disulfide bonds 二硫键α-helix α-落选hydrogen bond 氢键β-pleated sheet β-折叠片parallel 平行的antiparallel 反平行的random coil 无规卷曲unique 唯一的spatial 空间的arrangement 排列、安排linear sequence 线性序列residue 残基Hydrophobic interaction疏水相互作用Interior 内部的Electrostatic force 静电力salt bridge 盐桥、盐键van der Waals force 范德华力subunit 亚基allosteric effect 变构效应Noncovalent interactions 非共价相互作用protein stability 蛋白质的稳定dimensional 空间的、维的proton 质子donor 供体、赠与者lone pair of electrons 孤对电子collinear 在同一直线上Hydrophobic force 疏水力Nonpolar 非极性Minimize 最小化protein folding 蛋白质折叠Accessory protein 辅助蛋白质molecular chaperones 分子伴侣Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白prosthetic group 辅基essential 必需的heme 血红素crevice 缝隙protoporphyrin 原卟啉porphyrin 卟啉ferrous 含铁的proximal 最接近的cooperative 协同的noncooperative 非协同的dissociation curve 解离曲线sigmoidal S形曲线hyperbolic 双曲线affinity 亲和性blood capillaries 血管Bohr effect 波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism 机制Relaxed state 松弛状态tense state 紧张状态hemoglobinopathies 血红蛋白分子病Sickle-cell anemia 镰刀形细胞贫血症Erythrocyte 红血球sticky patch 粘性小区therapeutic 治疗的Collagen 胶原蛋白Skin 皮肤Bone 骨骼Tendon 腱Cartilage 软骨blood vessel 血管mammal 哺乳动物fibrous 纤维状的tripeptide 三肽的triple-helical 三股螺旋的cross-linke 交联Allysine 醛基赖氨酸Antibodie 抗体immune system 免疫系统pathogen 病原体trigger 引发、触发response 响应、应答antigen 抗原antigenic determine 抗原决定簇epitope 抗原决定簇Immunolocalization 免疫定位Antibody 抗体Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA酶联免疫吸附测定purification 提纯、纯化Homogenization 匀浆solubilization 溶解Ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵Precipitation 沉淀Dialysis 透析Chromatographic techniques 层析技术gel filtration 凝胶过滤affinity chromatography 亲和层析Electrophoretic techniques 电泳技术isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦SDS polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semi-permeable 半透性ligand 配基inert 惰性的matrix 基质elute 洗出、流出lectin 外源凝集素glycoprotein 糖蛋白molecular sieve 分子筛polyampholytes 聚两性电解质gradient 梯度migrate 迁移、移动chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing 测序2-mercaptoethanol ２－巯基乙醇ninhydrin 茚三酮fluorescamine 荧光胺fluorodinitrobenzene 二硝基氟苯dansyl chloride 丹磺酰氯phenyl isothiocyanate PITC苯异硫氰酸酯fragment 片断、碎片encoding 编码decipher 解读、破译anchor 锚定第三章biocatalyst 生物催化剂active site 活性中心substrate 底物The induced –fit model 诱导契合学说Stereospecificity 立体异构专一性Specificity 专一性Trypsin 胰蛋白酶Elastase 弹性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶Transferase 转移酶Hydrolase 水解酶Lyase 裂合酶Isomerase 异构酶Ligase 连接酶Ribozyme 核酶Abzyme 抗体酶catalytic antibody 抗体酶analog 类似物assay 化验、测定optimal 最佳的Coenzyme 辅酶Cofactor 辅因子apoenzyme 脱辅酶holoenzyme 全酶acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Adenine 腺嘌呤Dinucleotide 二核苷酸Phosphate 磷酸Oxidation 氧化reduction 还原Flavin 黄素Mononucleotide 单核苷酸Acyl 酰基thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase 脱羧酶Pyridoxal 吡哆醛Pyridoxamine 吡哆胺Pyridoxine 吡哆醇Ubiquinone 泛醌Isoenzymes 同功酶Kinetic 动力学lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶proportional 成比例的saturate 使饱和thermal 热的denaturation 变性optimum 最适宜的diversity 多样性Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程double-reciprocal plot 双倒数作图法inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Metabolite 代谢物Irreversible 不可逆的Reversible 可逆的Competitive 竞争性的Noncompetitive 非竞争性的Probe 探测Clinically 临床上Regulation 调节committed step 关键步骤activator 激活剂Adjust 调节Feedback 反馈Sequential 连续的Branched 分支的Conformational 构象的homotropic effect 同促效应heterotropic effect 异促效应Phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶Citrate 柠檬酸盐Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate 2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation 磷酸化dephosphorylation 去磷酸化hydroxyl 羟基hormone 激素Glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate 使磷酸化glycogen synthase 糖原合酶unphosphorylate 使去磷酸化proteolytic 蛋白质水解的proenzymes 酶原zymogen 酶原hydrolysis 水解pancreatic 胰腺的pancreas 胰腺small intestine 小肠blood clotting 血液凝固amplification 扩大cascade 级联第四章boundary 边界compartments 小室Mechanical 机械的signaling 发信号insoluble 不可溶的glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂类sphingolipids 鞘脂类sterols 固醇类glycerol 甘油sphingosine 鞘氨醇sphingomyelins 鞘磷脂cholesterol 胆固醇steroid 类固醇Amphipathic 两性的Hydrophilic 亲水的Bulky 体积大的self-assemble 自组装的fluidity 流动性rotational 转动的lateral 侧向的Fluid mosaic model 流体镶嵌模型Integral 整体的、内在的Flip 翻跟头integral membrane proteins 内在膜蛋白peripheral membrane proteins外周膜蛋白asymmetry 不对称asymmetrically 不对称地membrane-spaning protein 跨膜蛋白Multiple 多重的Lipid-anchored proteins 脂锚定蛋白Heterokaryon 异核体Fusion 融合Reconstitution 重建Reincorporated 重新合并Extracellular 细胞外的Intercellular 细胞内的Passive transport 被动运输active transport 主动运输concentration 浓度diffusion 扩散saturable 可饱和的facilitated 协助的、推动的symport 同向运送antiport 逆向运送epithelial cells 上皮细胞exocytosis 分泌作用endocytosis 内吞作用phagocytosis 吞噬作用pinocytosis 胞饮作用Receptor mediated endocytosis fusion受体介导的内吞作用debris 碎片transduction 转导Lipophilic 亲脂性的Receptors 受体second messengers 第二信使第五章Nucleic acid 核酸Replication 复制Nucleotide 核苷酸Pyrimidine 嘧啶Guanine 鸟嘌呤Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Nucleoside 核苷Deoxyribonucleoside 脱氧核糖核苷ribonucleoside 核糖核苷deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸genes 基因complementarily 互补地nucleosome 核小体loop 突环rosette 玫瑰花结semi-conservative 半保留的polymerase 聚合酶template 模板primer 引物fork 叉Bidirectional 双向的Okazaki fragments 冈崎片段semi-discontinuous 半不连续的strand 链、一股hybridization 杂交melting temperature 熔融温度renaturation 复性labeled 标记的fluorescent 荧光的tag 标记、标签annealing 退火amplify 增强、扩大The central dogma 中心法则Transcription 转录initiation 起始Elongation 延伸termination 终止promoters 启动子palindrome 回文结构processing 加工splicing 拼接reverse transcription 逆转录第六章genetic code 遗传密码intermediate 中间的、媒介codons 密码子unambiguous 明确的correspond 相应、符合degenerate 简并的mutation 变异incorporation 合并nonoverlapping 不相重叠的reading frames 阅读框aminoacyl-tRNA 氨酰-tRNA peptidyl-tRNA 肽酰-tRNA stem 茎、干、臂anticodon 反密码子translocation 移位第七章metabolism 代谢Saccharides 糖类monosaccharides 单糖aldehyde group 醛基ketone group 酮基Stereoisomers 立体异构体Oligosaccharides 寡糖Glycosidic bond 糖苷键Polysaccharides 多糖Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维素Dextran 葡聚糖Amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉Glycolysis 糖酵解Cytoplasm 细胞质Glucose 葡萄糖Galactose 半乳糖Mannose 甘露糖Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Lactose 乳糖Hexokinase 己糖激酶Fructose 果糖Phosphoglucoisomerase 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶Bisphosphate 二磷酸glyceraldehydes 甘油醛dihydroxyacetone 二羟丙酮aldolase 醛缩酶triose 丙糖1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 1,3 二磷酸甘油酸dehydrogenase 脱氢酶3-phosphoglycerate 3-磷酸甘油酸kinase 激酶mutase 变位酶phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase 烯醇化酶pyruvate 丙酮酸Gluconeogenesis 糖异生Noncarbhydrate 非糖的Liver 肝脏skeletal muscle 骨骼肌phosphorylase 磷酸化酶Phosphorolysis 磷酸化pyrophosphorylase 焦磷酸化酶glucosyl 葡萄糖基nonreducing end 非还原端Epinephrine 肾上腺素glucagon 胰高血糖素。
PEC化学工程英语证书考试词汇词根
PEC化学工程英语证书考试词汇词根-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的，次-ic 酸的，高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替…胺，酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位，仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高，过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式，同，共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单，一unsym- 不对称的，偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上）-yne 炔。
生物英语证书(pec)考试常用词汇
生物英语证书考试(PEC)常用词汇AA band A带abasic site 脱碱基位点,无碱基位点abaxial 远轴的abequose 阿比可糖aberrant splicing 异常剪接aberration 象差;失常abiogenesis 自然发生论,无生源论ablastin 抑殖素[抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体]abnormal distribution 非正态分布abnormal 异常,失常;畸形,跨变abrin 相思豆毒蛋白ABO blood group system ABO 血型系统aboriginal mouse 原生鼠abortin 流产素abortion 流产,败育abortive egg 败育卵abortive infection 流产(性)感染abortive transduction 流产(性)转导abscisic acid(ABA) 脱落酸sbscission 脱落absolute 绝对的absolute configuration 绝对构垄absolute counting 绝对测量absolute deviation 绝对偏差acceptor site 接纳位点,接受位点acceptor splicing site (=splice acceptor) 剪接受体acceptor stem [tRNA的]接纳茎accessible 可及的accessble promoter 可及启动子accessible surface 可及表面accessory 零件,附件;辅助的accessory cell 佐细胞accessory chromosome(≈supenumemrary chromosume)副染色体accessory factor 辅助因子accessory nucleus 副核accessory pigment 辅助色素accessory protein 辅助蛋白(质〕accident variation 偶然变异accommodation 顺应accumulation 积累,累积accuracy 准确度acenapbthene 二氢苊acene 并苯acentric 无着丝粒的acentric-dicentric translocation无着丝粒-双着丝粒易位acentric fragment(=kinetic fragment) 无着丝粒断片acentric ring 无着丝粒环acetal 缩醛acetaldehyde 乙醛acetal resin 缩醛树脂acetamidase 乙酰胺酶acetamide 乙酰胺acetate 乙酸盐acetic acid(AcOH,HAc) 乙酸,醋酸acetic acid bacteria 乙酸菌,醋酸菌acetic anhydrile 乙酸酐acetification 乙酸化作用,醋化作用acetin 乙酸甘油酯,三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid 乙酰乙酸acetobacter 醋杆菌属acetogen 产乙酸菌aoetogenic bacteria 产乙酸菌acetone 丙酮acetone body(=ketone body)酮体acetone/butanol fermentation丙酮-丁醇发酵acetone powder 丙酮制粉[在-30℃以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物] acetonitrile 乙睛acetyl(Ac) 乙酰基acetyl- DL-amino acid 乙酰-DL-氨基酸2-acetylaminofluorene 2-乙酰氨基芴acetylcholine(Ach) 乙酰胆碱acetylchoHne agonist 乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine sterase(AchE) 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholine receptor(AchR)乙酰胆碱受体acetyl coenzyme A 乙酰辅酶Aacetylene 乙炔acetylene reduction test 乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力]N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc) N-乙酰半乳糖胺.N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc)N-乙酰葡糖胺acetylglucosaminidase 乙酰葡垮胺糖苷酶acetylglutamate synthetase 乙酰谷氨酸合成酶N-acetylmuramyl acid N-乙酰胞壁酸N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptile N-乙酰胞壁酰五肽N-acetylneuraminic acid(NeuNAc) N-乙酰神经氨酸acetylsalicylate 乙酰水杨酸;乙酰水杨酸盐,酯,根acetylsalicylic acid(AsA) 乙酰水杨酸acctylsapiramycin 乙酰螺旋霉素achiral 非手性的acholeplasma 无胆甾原体[属名用Acholeplasma]achromatic 消色的;消色差的achromatic co1or 无色achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromitin 非染色质A chromosome A染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体(不同于B染色体)] acid 酸acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acid-base catalysis 酸碱催化acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应acid-base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂acid-base metabolism 酸碱代谢acid-base titration 酸碱滴定acid-base transition 酸碱转换acid catalysis 酸催化acid-fast staining 抗酸染色法acid fibroblast growth factor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin 酸性品红acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein 酸水解酪蛋白acidic 酸性的acidic amino acid 酸性氨基酸acidification 酸化(作用)acidic protein 酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidic transactivator 酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator 酸性转录激活蛋白acidifying 酸化(作用)acid medium 酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide 酸性粘多糖acidolysis 酸解acidophilia 嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌acidophilous milk 酸奶acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶acid-producing bacteria 产酸菌acid protease(=aspartic protease) 酸性蛋白酶acid solvent 酸性溶剂aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素activating transcription factor(ATF) 转录激活因子activation 激活;活化activation analysis 活化分析activation energy 活化能activator 激活物,激活剂,激活蛋白activator dissociation system Ac-Ds system) 激活解离系统activator protein(AP) 激活蛋白active absorption 主动吸收active biomass 活生物质active carbon 活性炭active center(=active site) 活性中心active chromatin 活性染色质active dry yeast 活性干酵母active ester of amino acid 氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen 活性氢active hydrogen compounds 活性氢化合物active immunity 主动免疫active oxygen 活性氧active site 活性部位,活性中心active transport 主动转运active uptake 主动吸收activin 活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素]activity 活性,活度,(放射性)活度actomyosin 肌动球蛋白actophorin 载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute 急性的acute infection 急性感染acute phase 急性期acute phase protein(= acute phase reactive protein) 急性期蛋白,急相蛋白acute phase reaction 急性期反应,急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应]acute phase reactive protein 急性期反应蛋白,急相反应蛋白acute phase response(=acute phase reaction) 急性期反应,急相反应acute-phase serum 急性期血清acute toxicity 急性毒性acyclic nucleotide 无环核苷酸acycloguanosine 无环鸟苷,9-(2-羟乙氧甲基)鸟嚓呤acyclovir(ACV)(=acyclogua-nosme) 无环鸟苷acyl 酰基acylamino acid 酰基氨基酸acylase 酰基转移酶acylation 酰化acylating agent 酰化剂acyl azide 酰叠氮acyl bromide 酰溴acyl carrier protein(ACP) 酰基载体蛋白acyl cation 酰(基)正离子acyl chloride 酰氯acyl coenzyme A(acyl CoA)脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride 酰氟acyl halide 酰卤acyloin 偶姻acyltransferase 酰基转移酶affinity column 亲和柱affinity coupling 亲和偶联affinity ectron microscopy 亲和电镜(术)affinity extration 亲和提取,亲和萃取affinity ltration 亲和过滤affinity-isolated antibody 亲和分离的抗体affinity labeling 亲和标记affinity ligand苯和配体affinity maturation 亲和力成熟[见于体液免疫系统的发育]affinity partioning 亲和分配affinity precipitation 亲和沉淀affinity purification 亲和纯化(法)affinity tag (附加)亲和标记物aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-effect 后效agar 琼脂agarase 琼脂糖酶agar diffusion test 琼脂扩散试验agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agar gel 琼脂胶agaricin 蘑菇素agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸agaropectin 琼脂胶agarose 琼脂糖agarose gel 琼脂糖凝胶agarose gel electrophoresis 琼脂糖凝胶电泳agarose plate 琼脂糖平板agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面[固化时斜放的,装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基;也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔]agent 剂;介质age pigment 老年色素agglutination 凝集(作用)agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen凝集原aggrecan 聚集蛋白聚糖[来自软骨]aggregate 聚集体,凝聚体aggregation 聚集(作用)aggressin 攻击素[细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质]aggressivity 攻击力aging 衰老,老化,陈化agitation 振荡,振摇,搅拌agitator 振荡器,搅拌器aglycon(e) 苷元,糖苷配基agonist 兴奋剂,激动剂,刺激物;竞争剂;拮抗剂agranu1ocyte 无粒细胞agravitropism 无向重力性agretope [抗原]限制位[抗原上识别并结合Ⅱ类主要组织相容性复合体的部位]agricultural alcohol 农产品(制)酒精agricultura waste 农业废物,农业垃圾agrin 集聚蛋白,集聚素[由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集]arachnoid 蛛网膜ara operon 阿(拉伯)糖操纵子arbitrarily primed PCR 任意引物PCRarbitration analysis (=referee analysis) 仲裁分析arbovirus 虫媒病毒arc 弧;电弧archenteron 原肠archeobacteria 古细菌archesporium(=sporogomum)孢原细胞architecture 结构,构造arenavirus沙粒病毒[斛名用arenaviridae]argininase 精氨酸酶arginine(Arg,R) 精氨酸arginine-fork 精氨酸叉[与RNA的识别有关]arginine vasopressin (AvP)精氨酸升压素,精氨酸加压素8-arginine vasotocin(AvT)(=vasotocin) 8-精催产素,8-精加压催产素argininosuccinic acid 精氨(基)琥珀酸argul(Ar) 氩aril 假种皮arithmetic average deviation 算术平均偏差arithmetic mean 算术均数arm 臂[如染色体臂,噬菌体臂,连接臂等]arm ratio [染色体]臂比anmyworm 粘虫[如草地贪夜蛾]arnold steam sterilizer 流通蒸汽灭菌器aromatic 芳香(族)的aromatic amino acid 芳香(族)氨基酸aromatic compound 芳香(族)化合物aromatic hydrocarbon 芳(香)烃aromatic hydrocarbon receptor(Ah receptor) 芳(香)烃受体array 数组;列阵;一批arrest 抑制;扣留;停滞arrestin [视紫红质]抑制蛋白[可与视紫红质结合,使其受体与转导素解偶联] Arrhenius equation 阿伦尼乌斯方程Arrhenius theory 阿伦尼乌斯理论Bbackground 背景,本底background absorption 背景吸收background absorption correction 背景吸收校正background correction 背景校正baekground factor 背景因子background genotype 背景基因型[与所研究的表型直接相关的基因以外的全部基因] background hybridization 背景杂交background radiation 背景辐射,本底辐射backmixing 反向混合bacteriostasis抑菌(作用)bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotropin 亲菌素bacterium(复:bacteria) 细菌bateroid 类菌体bacto-gar细菌培养用琼脂baculovirus 杆状病毒bag sealer 封边机bkers yeast 面包酵母baking soda 小苏打balance 天平;平衡balanced heterokaryon 平衡异核体balance lethal平衡致死balanced lethal gene 平衡致死基因balanced linkage 平衡连锁balanced pathogenicity 平衡致病性balanced polymorphism 平衡多态性balanced salt solution(Bss) 平衡盐溶液balanced solution 平衡溶液balanced translocation 平衡易位H[低精度的三维结构实体模型]ball mill 球磨ball milling 球磨研磨ball mill pulverizer 球磨粉碎机balloon catheter 气囊导管[用于基因送递,如将DNA导人血管壁]BAL 31 nuclease BAI,核酸酶banana bond 香蕉键band 条带,带[于电泳,离心等]band broadening 条带加宽banding pattern 带型banding technique 显带技术,分带技术band sharpening 条带变细,条带锐化band width 带宽barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐barium(Ba) 钡barly strip mosaic virus(BSMv)大麦条纹花叶病毒barly yellow dwarfvirus(BYDv)大麦黄矮病毒barnase 芽胞杆菌RNA酶[于解淀粉芽胞杆菌]barophilic bacteria 嗜压菌baroreceptor 压力感受器barotaxis 趋压性barotroplism 向压性bidirectional promoter 双向启动子bidirectionl replication 双向复制bidirectionl transcription 双向转录bidirectional translocation 双向运输biennial plant 二年生植物bifunctional agent 双功能试剂bifunctional antibody 双功能抗体bifunctional catalyst 双官能催化剂,双功能催化剂bifunctional initiator 双官能引发剂,双功能引发剂bifunctional intercalator 双功能嵌人剂,双功能插入剂bifunctional linker 双功能接头bifunctional vector 双功能载体bifurcated hydrogen bond 分叉氢键biglycan 双糖链蛋白聚糖[有两条糖胺聚糖链] bibteral symmetry 两侧对称,左右对称bilayer 双层[时特指脂双层]bile acid 胆汁酸bile pigment 胆汁色素bile salt 胆汁盐bile salt micelle 胆汁盐微团,胆汁盐胶团,胆汁盐胶束Bili-[头]胆汁bilin 胆汁三烯bilinogen 胆汁烷bilinogens 后胆色素原类bilins 后胆色素类bilirubin 胆红素bilirubin glucuronide 胆红素葡糖苷酸biliverdin 胆绿素bimetallic enzyme 双金属酶bimolecular lipid membrane 双分子脂膜bimolecular reaction 双分子反应bimolecmlar reduction 双分子还原(反应)Binary fission 二分裂bindin 结合蛋白binding site 结合位点,结合部位binocular microscope 双目显微镜binodal curve 双结点曲线binomial distribution 二项(式)分布binomial nomenclature 双名法bioactive molecule 生物活性分子bioactive peptide 生物活性肽bioactive polymer 生物活性高分子,生物活性聚合物bioactivity 生物(学)活性bioamine 生物胺bioassay 生物测定,生物学鉴定(法)bioastronautics 生物航天学bioautography 生物自显影(法)BioBeads resin [商] BioBeads树脂[Bio-rad公司商品,可用于层析及多肽合成]BioBrene solution [商] BioBrene溶液[由Applied Bio-systems公司生产的一种Poly-brene类聚卤化季铵盐的溶液biocabina 生物舱biocatalysis 生物催化biocatalyst 生物催化剂bioceramic 生物陶瓷biochemical 生化试剂,生化药品biochemical engineering 生化工程biochemical fuel cell 生化燃料电池biochemical medium 生化培养基biochemical mutant 生化突变体,生化突变型biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) 生化需氧量biochemical polymorphism 生化多态性biochemistry 生物化学biochip 生物芯片biochronometry 生物钟学biocide 抗微生物剂,抗生剂bioclimate 生物气候biolock 生物钟bicoenosis 生物群落biocommunity(=biocoenosis) 生扬群落biocomputer 生物计算机biocontrol=biological control)生铂防治;生物控制biocontrol system 生物控制系统bioconversion 生物转化[如利用微生物酶改造有机化合物的分子结构]biocosmonautics 生物宇航学biocybernetics 生物控制论biocytin 生物胞素,ε-N-生物素-L-赖氨酸biodegradable (可被)生物降解的biodegradable plastics (可被)生物降解(的)塑料biodegradation 生物降解(作用)biodegradation pathway 生物降解途径biodeterioration 生物致劣(作用)[生物体的生命活动而造成物质的物理或化学性质改变及质量降低]biodiversity 生物多样性Bio-Dotmicrofiltration apparatus [商] Bio-Dot微置过滤装置[Bio-Rad公司商品,可用于蛋白质或核酸溶液的抽滤,并能使样品在滤膜上形成规则的斑点或狭线]bioelectremistry 生物电化学bioelectronics 生物电子学bioenergetics 生物能学bioengineering 生物工程(学)bioethics 生物伦理学[讨论生物学研究(如基因工程,器官移植等)所涉及的伦理问题] biofeedback 生物反馈biofilter 生物滤器Bonded phase 键合相Bonded-phase chromatography键合相层析boded silica 键合硅bonded stationary phase 键合固定相Bonding orbital 成键轨道bonding region 键(合)区bond length 键长bond moment 键矩bond order 键级bond srength 键强度bond valence 键价bond valence bond length corre-lation键长关联bone 骨,骨骼bone marrow 骨髓bone marrow ceIl 骨髓细胞bone marrow stem cell 骨髓干细胞bone marrow transplantaion骨髓移植bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) 骨形态发生蛋白,骨形成蛋白booster imunization 加强免疫borax 硼砂bordetella包特菌属bordetella pertssis 百日咳杆菌boron(B) 硼borrelidin 疏螺体素botany 植物学bottle neck 瓶颈bott1e neck effect 瓶颈效应bottom fermentation 下面发酵bottom phase 下相bottom yeast 下面酵母botu1inus toxin 肉毒杆菌毒素boundary 边界;界面boundary element 边界元件boundary layer 边界层boundary lipid 界面脂′boundary zone 界面区bound auxin 束缚生长素bound water 结合水,束缚水bouquet stage 花束期bovine 牛bovine leukemia virus(BLV)牛白血病病毒bovine panceatic ribonuclease 牛胰RNA酶bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibittor(BPTI) 牛胰胰蛋白酶抑制剂bovine papillomavirus[BPV)牛乳头瘤病毒bovine serum albumin(BSA)牛血清白蛋白bovine spleen phosphodiesterase 牛脾磷酸二酯酶bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) 牛病毒性腹泻病毒[归于黄病毒科瘟病毒属] Bowman-Birk protease inhibitorBowman—Birk蛋白酶抑制剂[见于豆科植物种子]box 箱;匣,盒;框brachionectin(= tenascin) 臂粘连蛋白brady [词头] 缓慢bradykinin 缓激肽bradykinin potentiating peptide缓激肽增强肽Bragg angle 布拉格角bulldog clamp 动脉夹bumble bee venom 熊蜂毒bumping 暴沸,进沸bundle 束bundle sheath (维管)束鞘bungarotoxin 银环蛇毒紊Bunsen burner 本生灯Bunsen cone 本生焰锥Bunsen eudiometer 本生量气管Bunsen f1ame 本生焰bunyavirus 布尼乎病毒[科名用Bunyaviridae]Bunyamwera virus 布尼奥罗病毒buoyant density 浮力密度buoyant density centrifugation浮力密度离心buret 滴定管buried residues 隐蔽残基Burkitt lymphoma 伯基特淋巴瘤bursa of Fabricius 法氏囊,腔上囊bursin 法氏囊肽bursopoietin(=bursin) 法氏囊生成素Ccalcitonin(CT) 降钙素alciutouin-gene- related peptide(CGRP)降钙素基因相关calicium(Ca) 钙calcium binding protein 钙结合蛋白(质)calcium binding site 钙结合部位calcium/calmodulin—dependentprotein kinase 依赖(于)钙-钙调蛋白的蛋白激酶calcium channel 钙通道alcium chloHde 氯化钙calcium—dependent neutral protease (=calpain) 依赖(于)钙的中性蛋白酶calcium-dependent protein 依(赖于)钙(的)蛋白(质)calcium influx 钙流入calcium mediatory protein 钙中介蛋白(质)calcium phoqhate 磷酸钙calcium phosphate prcipitation磷酸钙沉淀calcium phosphate—DNA copre-cipitate 磷酸钙一DNA共沉淀物calcium phosphate-DNA copre-cipitation 磷酸钙→DNA共沉淀calcium pump 钙氟calcium sensor protein 钙传感蛋白(质)calcium sequestrathn 集钙(作用)calcyclin 钙(细胞)周期蛋白calcyphosine 钙磷蛋白[是依赖于cAMP的蛋白激酶的磷酸化底物]caldesmon 钙调(蛋白)结合蛋白[主要见于平滑肌,可与钙调蛋白及肌动蛋白结合] calelectrin(=annexinⅥ) 钙电蛋白[最初发现于鳗鱼电器官的一种钙结合蛋白Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase(CIP)(小)牛小肠碱性磷酸酶calf serum 小牛血清calfthymus 小牛胸腺calgranulin 钙粒蛋白calibration 校准,标准calibration curve 校正曲线calibration filter 校准滤光片calibration protein 校准蛋白calicheamycim 刺孢霉素[来自刺孢小单胞菌的抗肿瘤抗生素,带有二炔烯官能团] calicivirus 杯状病毒[科名用Caliciviridae]callose 胼胝质,愈伤葡聚糖,capsomer(e) (病毒)壳粒capsular polysaccharide 荚膜多糖capsulation 包囊化(作用),胶囊化(作用)capsule 荚膜capsule swelling reaction 荚膜肿胀反应capture 捕捉,俘获capture antigen(=coating antigen) 捕捉抗原[酶免疫测定中用于捕捉抗体的抗原] capture assay 捕捉试验carbamyl 氨甲酰基carbamylation 氨甲酰化carbamyl ornithine 氨甲酰鸟氨酸carbamylphosphate 氨甲酰磷酸carbamyl phosphate synthetase氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamyl transferase 氨甲酰(基)转移酶carbanion 碳负离子carbanyl group 羰基cirbene 卡宾carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素carbenoid 卡宾体carbocation 碳正离子carbodiimide 碳二亚胺carbohydrate 糖类,碳水化合物carbohydrate binding protein糖结合蛋白carbohydrate fingerprinting 糖指纹分析carbohydrate mapping 糖作图,糖定位Carbohydrate-protein interacttion 糖-蛋白质相互作用carbohydrate sequencing 糖测序carbol fuchsin 石炭酸品红carboline 咔啉,二氮芴cirbon(C) 碳carbon assimihtion 碳同化carbonate 碳酸盐,碳酸酯carbonated plant 碳化植物carbon balance 碳平衡carbon cycling 碳循环carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide compensationpoint 二氧化碳补偿点carbon dioxide fertiliation 二氧化碳施肥carbon dioxide fixation 二氧化碳固定carbon dioxide tension 二氧化碳张力carbon fiber 碳纤维carbon fixathn 碳固定carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carbon isotope 碳同位素carbon isotope analysis 碳同位素分析carbon isotope composition 碳同位素组成carbonium ion 碳正离子carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbon source 碳源carbonyl 羰基carbonylation 羰基化carboxydismutase 羧基歧化酶,核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶Carboxydotrophic bacteria 二氧化碳营养菌基质相互作用Cell-mediated immuninity(CMI)细胞(介导)免疫Cell mediated lymphocytotoxity细胞介导的淋巴细胞毒性cll membrane (细)胞膜cll migration 细胞迁移cll mobility 细胞运动性cell motility(= cell mobility)细胞运动性cell movement 细胞运动cell mutation 细胞突变cellobiose 纤维二糖酶celloise 纤维二糖cellobiuronic acid 纤维二糖醛酸cello-oligosaccharide 纤维寡糖cellosolve 溶纤剂,纤溶剂cellotriose 纤维三糖cell parameters(=lattice parameters) 晶胞参数cell permeabilizntion 细胞透化(作用)[使细胞的通透性增加lcell polarity 细胞极性cell recognition 细胞识别cell recycle 细胞再循环[如见于发酵工艺]cell repository(=cell bank) 细胞库cell respiration 细胞呼吸cell rupture 细胞破裂,细胞破碎cell rhythm 细胞节律cell sattering factor 细胞分散因子cell scraper 细胞刮棒cell senescence(=cell aging)细胞衰老cell shape 细胞形状cell signaling 细胞信号传导,细胞信号发放cell sociology 细胞社会学cell sorter 细胞分选仪cell sorting 细胞分选cell strain 细胞株[从原代培养或细胞系获得,具有特定性质或标志并在晦后培养期间始终保持]cell substrain 细胞亚株cell substrate attachment 细胞基底附着cell substrate interaction 细胞-基底相互作用cell surface 细胞表面cell surface receptor 细胞表面受体cell surface recognition 细胞表面识别cell targeting 细胞寻靶cell theory 细胞学说cell therapy 细胞治疗[如LAK,TIL等方法]cell transfomation 细胞转化cell tropism 细胞嗜性cell typing 细胞分型cellular 细胞的;微孔的cellular compartment 细胞区室cellular immunity 细胞免疫cellular immunology 细胞免疫学cellular localization 细胞定位cellular material 微孔材料cellular oncogene(c-oncogene)细胞癌基因chemiluminometry 化学发光分析(法) chemiosmosis 化学渗透chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透假说chemiosmotic theory 化学渗透理论chemisorption 化学吸附chemistry 化学chemo- [词头] 化学chemoattractant 化学引诱物,化学吸引物,趋化物chemoattracting cytokine 趋化demiluminometry 化学发光分析(法) chemiosmosis 化学渗透chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透假说chemiosmotic theory 化学渗透理论chemisorption 化学吸附chemistry 化学chemo- [词头] 化学chemoattractant 化学引诱物,化学吸引物,趋化物chemoattracting cytokine 趋化chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养chemoreception 化学感受(作用) chemoreceptor 化学感受器chemorepellalt 化学排斥物chemosensory neuron 感化性神经元chemosensory transducer 感化性传导物chemosmosis(=chemiosmosis)化学渗透chemostat 恒化器chemostat culture 恒化培养(物)chemosynthesis 化能合成chemotactic cytokine 趋化细胞因子chemotactic factor 趋化因子chemotactic lipid 趋化脂质chemotactic peptide 趋化肽chemotactic repellant 化学拒斥剂chemotaxin 趋化因子,趋化物chemotaxis 趋化性[(细胞)随环境中化学物质的分布梯度作定向运动]chemotherapeutant 化疗剂chemotherapeutic agent 化疗剂chemotherapeutics 化疗药物chemotherapy 化疗,化学疗法chemotrophy 化能营养chemotropism 向化性[因环境中化学物质的浓度梯度而引起细胞的定向生长]chemotype 化学型chemovar 化学变型chromosomal disorder 染色体病chromosomal DNA 染色体DNAchromosomal domain 染色体结构域chromosomal elimination 染色体丢失,染色体消减chromosomal localization 染色体定位chromosomaI mutation 染色体突变chromosomaI pattern 染色体型chromosomal poIymorphism 染色体多态性chromosomal puff 染色体胀泡,染色体疏松chromosomal rearrangement染色体重排chromosomal scaffold 染色体支架chromosome 染色体chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chromosome abnormalty 染色体异常chromosome arm 染色体臂chromosome band 染色体带chromosome banding technique染色体显带技术chromosome blotting 染色体印迹[通过脉冲电场凝胶电泳分离染色体DNA并进行Southern 印迹]chromosome breakage 染色体断裂chromosome bridge 染色体桥chromosome center(=chromocenter) 染色中心chromosome coiling 染色体螺旋chromosome complement 染色体组chromosome core 染色体轴chromosome crawling 染色体缓移chromosome cycle 染色体周期chromosome damage 染色体损伤chromosome deletion 染色体缺失chromosome doubbling 染色体加倍chromosome dublication 染色体重复chromosome elimination 染色体丢失,染色体消减chromosome engineering 染色体工程(学)chromosome evolution 染色体进化chromosome exchange 染色体交换chromosome flow sorting 染色体流式分选(法)chromosome fragmentation 染色体断裂chromosome fusion 染色体融合chromosome gap 染色体间隙,染色体裂隙chromosome interchange 染色体互换chromosome jumping 染色体跳查condenser 冷凝器;聚光器condensing agent 凝聚剂[大分子群集作用的促进剂]缩合剂[缩合反应的催化剂];冷凝剂condition 条件conditional cytotoxic 条件致细胞毒conditional lethal 条件致死conditional lethal mutant 条件致死突变体,条件致死突变型conditional lethal mutation 条件致死突变conditional mutant 条件突变体,条件突变型,条件突变株conditional mutation 条件突变conditioned medium 条件培养基,条件培养液conditiomd pathogen 条件致病菌,条件致病病原体conditioning 调节,调理,再生conduction 传导conductivity 电导率,导电率;导电性;传导率;传导性conductivity detector 电导率检测器conductivity water 电导水comductometer 电导计conductometric titration 电导滴定(法)conductometry 电导分析(法)cone 锥,圆锥体cone and plate viscometer 锥板式粘度计confdence coefticient 置信系数confdeng interval 置信区间confidence limit 置信限configuration 构型confgurational disorder 构型无序confgurational unit 构型单元confirmatory sequencing 确证性测序,证实性测序confirmatory test 确证试验,证实试验confluent 汇合的,融合的,连生的,铺满的confluent cultivation 铺满培养confluent culture 铺满培养物,铺满培养confluent monolayer cells (汇合)成片的单层细胞,铺满的单层细胞conformation 构象conformational analysls 构象分析conformational change 构象变化conformational deteminant 构象(性)决定簇conformational disorder 构象无序conformational epitope 构象(性)表位conformational inversion 构象反转conformationnl repeating unit构象重复单元conformational restriction 构象限制(性)conformational similarity 构象相似性conformational switch 构象转换(器),构象开关conformational witching 构象转换cross link 交联;交联键cross-linked 交联的cross-linked gel 交联凝胶cross-linked network 交联网络coss-linked polymer(=three dimensional polymer) 交联聚合物crosslinker 交联剂crosslinking 交联crosdinking agent 交联剂crosslinHng density 交联密度crosslinking group 交联基crosslinking index 交联指数cross matching 交叉配血(试验)cross neutra1ization 交叉中和crossver flixation交换固定crossver suppressor 交换抑制因子crossver unit 交换单位crossver value 交换值coss phosphorylation 交叉磷酸化cross pollination 异体受粉,异花传粉cross protection 交叉保护cross-reacting antibody 交叉反应抗体cross-reacting antigen 交叉反应抗原cross-reacting determinant(CRD) 交叉反应决定簇cross reaction 交叉反应cross reactivation 交叉复活cross regulation 交叉调节,交互调节cross section 截面,横切面cross-sterility 杂交不育,杂交不育性crosstalk 串话,通讯crotapolin(= crotoxin A) 响尾蛇毒素Acrotin 巴豆毒蛋白crotoxin 响尾蛇毒素crown gall 冠瘿crown gall nodule 冠瘿瘤crucible 坩埚crucifoml 十字形,十字形结构crucifoml loop 十字形环[双股反向重复序列的每一股分别自我配对而形成] cruciform structure 十字形结构crude 粗的,粗制的crude extract 粗提物crude product 粗制品crustacyanin 虾青蛋白,甲壳蓝蛋白cryo-[词头]冷,冻cryobio1ogy 低温生物学cryoconcentration 低温浓缩cryocrystal1ography 低温晶体学cryoelectron microscopy 冷冻电(子显微)镜术cryofixation 冷冻固定cryogen 冷冻剂,制冷剂cryogenic g1ove 低温防护手套cryogenic purification 深低温纯化cryogenic refrigerator 低温冰箱cryogenics 低温实验法cryogenic separation 深低温分离cytoplasmic region 胞质区[如指跨膜蛋白的胞内区]cytoplasmic streaming(=cyclosis) 胞质环流cytoplasmic tall 胞质尾区[如指跨膜蛋白的胞内小区]cytoplasm IgM 胞质IgM,胞质免疫球蛋白Mcytoplast 胞质体cytorheology 细胞流变学cytosol 胞质溶胶cytosolic localizatiop. 胞质定位cytosolic space 胞质腔cytosol receptor 胞质受体cytosome(=cytoplast) 胞质体cytostatic factor 细胞静止因子cytotactin(=tenascin) 腱生蛋白cytotoxic 细胞毒的cytotoxicity 细胞毒性cytotoxic T cell(Tc)(=cytotoxic T lymphocyte) 细胞毒性T细胞cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL,Tc) 细胞毒性Υ淋巴细胞cytotoxin 细胞毒素cytotropism 细胞向性cytovillin 细胞绒毛蛋白[见于微绒毛,可作用于肌动蛋白丝]Ddalton 道尔顿[符号D,Da]dammarane 达玛烷dammaranetype 达玛烷型Dane particle 丹氏粒[型肝炎病毒的完整毒粒]dangerous 危险的dansyl 丹(磺)酰,l-二甲氨基萘—5-磺酰dansylchloride 丹磺酰氯dansyl method 丹磺酰法dantrolene 硝苯呋海因[肉松弛剂]dark current 暗电流dark field 暗视野,暗视场dark-field microscope 暗视野显微镜,暗视场显微镜dark-field microscopy 暗视野显微术,暗视场显微术dark reaction 暗反应dark repair 暗修复dark respiration 暗呼吸dark room 暗室,晴房dark seed 需暗种子data(单:datum) 数据,资料data accumulation 数据累积data acquisition 数据获取deciduous leaf 落叶decline phase细胞生长曲线的衰亡期decoagulant(= anticoagulant)抗凝剂decoding 译码,解码decomposer 分解者指具有分解动植物残体或其排泄物能力的微生物: decompression 降压,减压decondensation 解凝(聚)decontaminant 净化剂,去污剂decontaminating agent(=decontaminant) 净化剂,去污剂decontamination 净化,去污decorin 核心蛋白聚糖[一种基质蛋白聚糖,又称为PG-40] dedifferentiation 去分化,脱分化deep∞lony 深层菌落deep etching 深度蚀刻deep refrigeration 深度冷冻deep—shaft airlift fermentor 深井气升式发酵罐deep shaft system 深井系统dretiolation 去黄化,脱黄化defective interfering(DI) 缺损干扰defective mufant 缺损突变体,缺陷突变型,缺陷突变株defective phage 缺损噬菌体,缺陷噬菌体defective virus 缺损病毒,缺陷病毒defense 防御,防卫defense peptide 防卫肽defense response 防御反应,防卫反应defensin 防卫素[动物细胞的内源性抗菌肽]defbiency 缺乏,缺损,缺陷deficient 缺少的,缺损的,缺陷的defined 确定的defined medium 确定成分培养基,己知成分培养液definition 定义defoliating agent 脱叶剂defoliation 脱叶deformylase 去甲酰酶[见于原核细胞,作用于甲酰甲硫氨酸]degasser 脱气装置degassing 脱气,除气degenerncy 简并;简并性,简并度degenerate 简并的degenerate codon 简并密码子degenerate sequence 简并序列desmocalmin 桥粒钙调(蛋白)结合蛋白,桥粒钙蛋白desmocollin 桥粒(芯)胶(粘)蛋白阻于桥粒芯的胶粘层,是桥粒芯蛋白的剪接变体: desmoglea 桥粒芯[桥粒的中央核心层]desmoglein 桥粒芯(糖)蛋白[一类跨膜蛋白,见于桥粒芯]desmolase 碳链酶desmoplaHn 桥粒斑蛋白desmosine 锁链素[由四个赖氨酸侧链形成的交联体,见于弹性蛋白] desmosome 桥粒desmosome plaque 桥粒斑desmotubule 连丝微管desmoyokin 桥粒联结蛋白[见于桥粒斑]desolvation 去溶剂化desorption 解吸(作用),脱附(作用)desorption ionization 解吸电离destabilization 去稳定作用destabilizagent 去稳定剂destaining 脱色destomycin 越霉素desulfurization 脱硫(作用)desynchronization 去同步化defachment 解吸(作用),脱附(作用)detection 检测,检出;观察detection limit 检出限detector 检测器detention 滞留detention time 滞留时间detergent 去污剂,除垢剂,洗涤剂deteriomtion (生物)致劣,恶化deteminant 决定簇;决定子[用于胚胎学];决定因素determination 测定determination limit 测定限detritus 碎屑;腐屑detritylation帆脱(除)三苯甲基detoxification 解毒deutertion 氘化deuterium 氘deutoplasm 滋养层,卵黄质developing solvent 展开剂developing tank 展开槽development 发育;发展;研制;展开developmental biology 发育生物学developmental genetics 发育遗传学developmentally regubted expreswon 由发育(所)调节的表达developmental malformation 发育畸形developmental phase 发育期developmental regulation 发育调节,发育调控developmental rhythm 发育节律developmental sage 发育阶段development folder 显影夹devernalization 脱春化dimrete 分立的,不连续的disease ssociation 疾病相关disease—related gene 病相关基因disease resistance 抗病性dish 平皿,皿disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒disinfestation 灭虫disinhibition 去抑制disintegration 蜕变,衰变;去整合,解整合;分解,破碎disintegrator 粉碎器,粉碎机disk centrifuge 圆盘(式)离心机[带有成叠的有孔圆盘,常用于溶液的澄清化处理] diskett 磁盘dislocation 脱位,转位,位错dismutase 歧化酶disome 二体,双体disorder 无序;失常,失调;紊乱disordered state 无序状态disordered structure 无序结构dispase 分散酶,中性蛋白酶阀于分散组织培养中的动物细胞] dispenser 分液器dispermy 双精人卵dispersant 分散剂dispcrse medium 分散介质disperse phase 分散相disperse system 分散系统dispersion 分散;色散dispersion force 分散力;色散力dispersion spectrum 色散谱DNA—dHven hybridization DNA驱动(的)杂交lDNA过量DNA-drug adduct DNA-药物加合物DNA—drug complex DNA-药物复合物DNA extractor DNA提取仪,DNA萃取器DNA filter assay DNA滤膜分析DNA fingerprint DNA指纹DNA figerprinting DNA指纹分析DNA fmgmentation DNA断裂DNA glycosidase DNA糖苷酶DNA gyrase DNA回旋酶,DNA促旋酶DNA pmping technique DNA跳查技术DNA helicase DNA解旋酶DNA hornology DNA同源性DNA hybridization DNA杂交DNAintercalator DNA嵌人剂DNA ladder DNA梯[如大小不同的标准参照物的电泳谱] DNA ligase DNA连接酶DNA loop DNA环'DNA looping DNA成环DNA-magnetic bead conjugation DNA-磁珠缀合物DNA melting DNA解链DNA methylase DNA甲基化酶DNA methylation DNA甲基化DNA fcroheterogeneity DNA微不均一性DNA modification DNA修饰DNA DNA切口形成DNA oxidation DNA氧化DNA packaging DNA包裴DNA pairing DNA配对DNA phage DNA噬菌体DNA photolyase DNA光解酶DNA pitch DNA螺距DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶DNA polymorphism DNA多态性DNA probe DNA探针DNA-protein complex DNA-蛋白质复合物DNA-protein interaction DNA-蛋白质相互作用DNA purification DNA纯化DNA recombina!tion DNA重组DNA repair DNA修复DNA repication enhancer DNA复制增强子DNA- RNA hybrid DNA-RNA杂交体DNA sequence comparison DNA序列比较drug susceptibility 药物敏感性drug targeting 药物寻靶,药物导向drum鼓,转鼓drum dryer 转鼓式干燥机drum drying 转鼓式干燥drum filter 滤鼓,转鼓式滤器dry cell weight 细胞干重,dryer(=drier) 干燥器;干燥剂dry-heat sterilization干热灭菌dry ice 干冰dry lce keeper 干冰保存器dry ice maker 干冰制造器,制干冰器drying agent(=desiccant) 干燥剂dying-down 干燥(处理)drying oven 烘箱,干烤箱dry weight 干重D type particle D型颗粒dual functional catalyst(=bifunctional catalyst) 双功能催化剂dual recognition 双重识别dual staining 双重染色(法)dual wavelength spectrophotometer 双波长分光光度计Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) Duchenne型肌营养不良,假肥大型肌营养不良buck hepatitis B virus(DHBv)鸭乙型肝炎病毒Dulbeccos minimum essentialmedium(DMEM) Dulbecco极限必需培养基Dulbeccos m odified Eagle medium(DME,DMEM) Dulˉbecco改进的Eagle培养基duocrinin 促十二指肠液素duplex 双链体;双螺旋;二显性组合duplicate 双份,重复试验;复制品duplication 重复duplicon 重复子duramycin 耐久霉素duration 持续时间dwarfcolony 侏儒型菌落dwarf plant 矮化植物[遗传因素决定不能长高矮生植物]由人为措施或特殊环境决定不能长高:dwelltime 滞留时间。
化学英语证书考试(PEC)常用化学反应词汇
化学英语证书考试（PEC）-常用化学反应词汇化合：chemical combination置换：metathesis分解decompose复分解double decomposition包括include中和neutralization反应reactChapter 1acid 酸apparatus 仪器，装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向，使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系，银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的，相等的in terms of 根据，在……方面innermost 最内的，最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能（从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）ionise 电离isotope 同位素（原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物，细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔（表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode（cathode）阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge （原子）核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus （pl.nuclei）核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒，粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理（每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反）Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质（物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数（标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）probe 探测，探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum （pl. quanta）量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集，小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle（带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β 射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线Chapter 2abbreviation 缩写absorption 吸收abundance 丰度accelerate 加速alloy 合金alter 改变atmospheric pressure 大气压A vogadro’s constant 阿佛加德罗常数（12g12C含有的原子数，约为6.02×1023）azide 叠氮化物balance chemical equation 配平化学方程式balance ionic equation 配平离子方程式benzene 苯blast furnace 高炉bromide 溴化物bulk 体积burette 滴定管butane 丁烷carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbonate 碳酸盐collide with 冲突combustion analysis 燃烧分析concentration 浓度conical flask 锥形瓶convert 转化covalent bonds 共价键（原子间通过共用电子对形成的化学键）decimal place 小数位deposit 沉淀物detonator 炸药dioxide 二氧化物dissolve 溶解dropwise 逐滴地electric current 电流empirical formulae 实验式，经验式（只表示化合物中原子间最简单比例关系，非分子式，而为成分式）end-point 终点enthalpy 焓（热力学状态函数，单位质量的热含量，恒压下系统改变状态时增加的热含量等于内能与体系体积与压力乘积之和）equation 方程式ethanoic acid 乙酸filament 灯丝formula （pl. formulae）化学式（用元素符号来表示物质组成的式子）granule 颗粒Group Ⅰ- the alkali metal 第一族,碱金属Group Ⅱ-the alkaline earth metal 第二族,碱土金属Group Ⅲ- 第三族Group Ⅳ-Carbonic Group 碳族Group Ⅴ-Nitric Group 氮族Group Ⅵ-Oxygenic Group 氧族Group Ⅶ, the halogens 第七主族，卤族hexane 己烷horizontal axis 横坐标hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物，烃hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢hydroxide 氢氧化物hypothesis 假设indicator 指示剂inspect 检查，查看iodide 碘化物ionic compound 离子型化合物（电负性相差大的两种元素相互作用，发生电子转移，变为正、负离子，正、负离子结合形成离子型化合物）iron oxide 氧化铁low pressure 低压mass spectrometer 质谱仪methane 甲烷mixture 混合物（由两种或多种物质混合而成的，这些物质相互间没有发生反应，混合物里各物质都保持原来的性质）molar mass 摩尔质量（1摩尔物质的质量）molarity 摩尔浓度，也叫物质的量浓度（以1升即1立方分米溶液里含有多少摩溶质来表示溶液组成的物理量）molecular formulae 分子式（根据元素分析和分子量表示的化学式）monoxide 一氧化物negative ion (＝anion) 阴离子neutralise 中和nitric acid 硝酸non-metal 非金属octane 辛烷organic compound 有机化合物oxidation state 氧化态oxide 氧化物peroxide 过氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐pipette 移液管positive ion (＝cation) 阳离子precipitation reaction 沉淀反应reactant 反应物reaction 反应reagent 试剂，反应物redox reaction 氧化还原反应relative atomic mass 相对原子质量（以碳12原子的质量的1/12约1.66×10－27kg作为标准，其他原子的质量跟它比较所得的值）relative formula mass 相对式量relative isotopic mass 相对同位素质量relative molecular mass 相对分子质量（化学式中各原子的相对原子质量的总和）room temperature 室温singly charged 单核stoichiometric ratio 化学计量比stoichiometry 化学计量法sulphate 硫酸盐sulphide 硫化物sulphite 亚硫酸盐sulphuric acid 硫酸temperature 温度thermite 铝热剂，灼热剂titration 滴定法（将已知浓度的标准溶液加到被测溶液中，直到反应完成，借以测定其浓度）vaporize 汽化vertical axis 纵坐标vice versa 反之亦然volume 体积weld 焊接Chapter 3adjacent molecule 相邻的分子amide 酰胺(含-CONH2基)ammonia 氨atmosphere 大气层atomic orbital 原子轨道attractive force 吸引力biochemical compound 生化化合物boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角(与同一原子连接的两个键之间的角度)bond enthalpybond length 键长(分子中两个原子核间的平衡距离)bonding pair 成键电子对brine 盐水brittle 脆的building-block(=monomer unit) 单体(聚合物中最简单的重复结构单元)catalyst 催化剂（能改变反应速度而它本身的组成和质量在反应前后保持不变的物质）chemical bonding 化学键（分子或晶体中，原子或离子之间直接的、主要的和强烈的相互作用称为化学键）chemical bonding and structure 化学键及结构chloride 氯化物cleavage 裂开condense 浓缩conduct electricity 导电covalent compound 共价化合物crystal 晶体crystal lattice 晶格crystal plane 晶体平面crystalline solid 晶状固体cyclohexane 环己胺dative covalent bond=coordinate bond 配位键decomposition 离解density 密度dipole-dipole force 取向力dot-and-cross diagram 电子式,点叉式double bond 双键double helix 双螺旋ductile 可塑性,易变形的,可延展的electric dipole 电偶极子（一对相距极近，符号相反、数值相等的电荷所形成的体系）electrical insulator 电绝缘体electrical transformer 变压器electronegativity 电负性（原子或基团吸引并持留价电子的能力）electron-pair 电子对electron-pair repulsion theory 电子对互斥理论（是利用中心原子周圍電子的排斥理論來預測的分子及離子(去除金屬部分)的形狀）electrostatic attraction 静电吸引（引力）emerald 翡翠enthalpy change of vaporization 蒸发焓ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇，又叫酒精evaporation 蒸发fabric 布,fibre 纤维fibrous 纤维状的formation of ions 离子的形成gaseous state 气态gemstone 宝石graphite 石墨haemoglobin 血红蛋白hard 硬的high-density poly(ethene) 高密度聚乙烯hydrated ion 水合离子（与水结合而成，如H3O＋）hydrogen bond 氢键(氢键是由于与电负性极强的元素如氟、氧等相结合的氢原子和另一分子中电负性极强的原子间所产生的引力而形成)insoluble 不溶instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces 诱导力intermediate character 两性intermolecular force 分子间作用力(又称van der Waals’ force 范德华力)interval 间隙ionic bonding 离子键（由原子得失电子后，生成的正负离子之间，靠静电作用而形成的化学键）ionic crystal 离子晶体（离子间通过离子键结合而成的晶体）ionic lattice 离子晶格jewellery 珠宝kinetic theory of matter 物质运动论(所有物质的分子处于恒动状态)liquid state 液态lone-pairs 孤对电子low-density poly(ethene) 低密度聚乙烯LP-LP repulsion> LP-BP repulsion> BP-BP repulsion 孤电子对—故电子对斥力>孤电子对—成键电子对斥力>成键电子对—成键电子对斥力lubricant 润滑剂magnetise 磁化malleable 有延展性的melting point 熔点metal complex 金属络合物（由金属离子与电子给予体结合而成）metallic bonding 金属键(通过自由运动的价电子将金属原子连结起来的键)metallic element 金属元素mineral 矿物质mobile electron 流动电子molecular orbital 分子轨道molten 熔化non-contuctor 非导体non-linear molecule 非直线分子non-metallic element 非金属元素non-polar molecule 非极性分子non-stick properties 不黏性nylon 尼龙,聚酰胺纤维octahedron 八面体oppositely charged electron 电性相反的电极oppositely charged ion 电性相反的离子outer-shell electron 外层电子oxonium ion(=hydronium ion) 水合氢离子polar molecule 极性分子polarisation of ions 离子极化（在阴阳离子自身电场作用下，产生诱导偶极，而导致离子的极化，即离子的正负电荷重心不再重合，电子云发生变形，致使物质在结构和性质上发生相应的变化）polarized 极化poly 聚乙烯poly(ester) chain 聚酯链polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 多氯联（二）苯polymer 聚合物,高分子polymer chain 聚合物链protein 蛋白质quartz 石英relative bond strength 相对键能repulsion 斥力ruby 红宝石sapphire 蓝宝石semi-precious stone 亚宝石single bond 单键slippery 光滑sodium chloride 氯化钠solid state 固态solubility 溶解度（物质在溶剂中达到饱和时的溶解程度）soluble 可溶sparingly soluble 难溶sublimation 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sublime 升华(固体不经液态直接转变为气态)sucrose 蔗糖surface tension 表面张力(由于表面层下面的分子与表面层下面的分子间的分子吸引,液体表面收缩成最小表面的趋向)symmetrical distribution 对称分布tensile strength 抗拉强度tetrahedral molecule 四面体分子tetrahedron 四面体the δ+ and δ-charges δ+ 和δ-电荷three-dimensional arrangement 三维排列triangular pyramidal molecule 三角锥形分子trichloromethane 三氯甲烷trigonal planar molecule 三角锥形分子triple bond 三键unit cell 晶胞vapour pressure (蒸汽压)viscosity 黏度(流体流动阻力的表示,为液体中黏合力和内聚力的综合效果)volatility 挥发性washing-up liquidwater is peculiar 水是特殊的weapon 武器δbond δ键δorbital δ轨道π bond π键π orbital π轨道Chapter 4 and 5antacid tablet 解酸的药片atomic radii(＝atomic radius) 原子半径barium meal 钡餐Blocks of elements in the Periodic Table 周期表中元素的分区brick red 砖红色bricklaying 砌砖，泥水业brilliant whitish flame 明亮的白色火焰bubble 泡camera lenses 照相机镜头cement 水泥chalk 白垩chemical species 化学物种clay 黏土，泥土cliff 悬崖cloudy white precipitate 浑浊的白色沉淀covalent radius 共价半径covered with a layer of its oxide 覆盖一层氧化物薄膜crucible 坩埚crumble 粉碎d-block d区diatomic molecule 双原子分子dilute 稀释disulphur dichloride 二氯化二硫dolomite 白云石electronegative 带负电的，负电性的electropositive 带正电的，正电性的evolution （气体）散出exothermic reaction 放热反应f-block f区filtration 过滤firework 焰火flare 照明弹good conductivity of heat and electricity 良好的导电导热性gypsum 石膏hydrogencarbonate 碳酸氢盐incendiary bomb 燃烧弹indigestion remedy 消化不良的治疗lanthanide and actinide elements 镧系和锕系元素（周期表中，ⅧB族有32种元素，包括钪、钇、镧和锕，其中镧这一格代表15种镧系元素[Z=51~71]，锕这一格代表15种锕系元素[Z=89~103]）Law of Octaves 八行周期律（当元素按原子量增加的顺序排列成以八个为一组时，则上下每组对应元素有相似的性质）Law of Triadslime 石灰lime water 石灰（水溶液）limelight 灰光灯limestone 石灰石liquid phase 液相magnesium ribbon 镁条marine invertebrate 海里的无脊椎动物Mendeleev’s periodic table 门捷列夫周期表（按原子序数递增顺序排列成行，并将元素性质相同者置于各行之下，由此形成18列，各列元素的化合价按正规顺序变化）metal hydride 金属氢化物metallic radius 金属半径molten slag 熔渣monatomic ion 一价离子mortar 灰浆negative oxidation state 负化合价opaque 不透，不传导oxidation 氧化oxidation number (abbreviated ox. no.) 氧化数（某元素一个原子的荷电数，这种荷电数由假设把每个键中的电子指定给电负性更大的原子而求得）oxidation state 氧化态oxidising agent 氧化剂（得到电子的物质）p-block p区periodic patterns 周期律periodicity 周期性photographic flash bulb 感光photosynthesis 光合作用pitchblende 沥青铀矿plaster 石膏plaster of Pairs 熟石膏positive oxidation state 正化合价quicklime 生石灰reactivity 活动性reciprocal 倒数redox system 氧化还原体系reducing agent 还原剂（逝去电子的物质）reduction 还原refractory material 难熔物质rotary kiln 回转窑（炉）saturated solution 饱和溶液s-block s区scum 浮垢sedimentary rock 沉积岩siemens per metre (S m-1) 西门子/米（西门子是电导实用单位，亦称姆欧，欧姆的倒数）single atom 单原子slaked lime 石灰（固）solid phase 固相suspension 悬浮液the outmost electrons 最外层电子the rising parts of the curve 曲线的上升部分the trend is uneven 趋势是不规则的thermal decomposition 热（分）解toxic 有毒的tracer bullet 示踪子弹trough 曲线上的最小值valency 化合价vapour phase 气相vigorous 剧烈的Chapter 6a cream precipitate 米黄色沉淀aerosol propellant 气溶胶喷射剂ammonia solution 氨水anomalous properties 异常的性质antiseptic抗菌剂，防腐剂apparent 透明的bacteria 细菌bleach 漂白bromine is a dark red liquid giving off a dense red vapour 溴是深红色液体，会挥发浓的红色溴蒸气capture an electron 捕获一个电子CFCS(chlorofluorocarbons) 含氯氟烃chlorine is greenish yellow gas 氯是黄绿色气体contamination 污染covalent diatomic molecule 共价双原子分子cyclohexane 环己烷dichloromethane 二氯甲烷displacement reaction 置换反应（由一种单质跟一种化合物起反应,生成另一种单质和另一种化合物的反应：1.非金属取代—电负性强者取代弱者；2.金属取代—金属性强者取代弱者）disproportionation reaction 歧化反应（又叫自身氧化还原反应，在歧化反应中同一种元素的一部分原子[或离子]被氧化,另一部分原子[或离子]被还原）electron affinity 电子亲合势（原子保持其离子电荷的亲合势）fire extinguisher 灭火器flammable 易燃的fluoride controversyfluorine is pale yellow gas 氟是淡黄绿色气体foaming agent 起泡剂germicide 杀菌剂halate 次卤酸根离子halide 卤化物halogen 卤族元素，简称卤素hydrated halide ion 水合卤素离子inert 惰性的iodine in alcohol 碘酒iodine is a shiny, grey-black crystalline solid which sublimes to a purple vapour 碘是有光泽的灰黑色晶体，会升华变成紫色碘蒸气liver damage 肝脏损伤Lubricant 滑润剂non-flammable 不易燃的organic solvent 有机溶剂organo-chlorine 有机氯ozone layer 臭氧层poisonous 有毒的PTFE (polytetrafluoroethene) 聚四氟乙烯PVC 聚氯乙烯refrigerant 制冷剂solvent 溶剂thyroid problem 甲状腺问题volatility 挥发性water purification 水质净化waterproof clothing 防水布Chapter 71,2-dichloroethene 1,2－二氯乙烯2,2,3-trimethylbutane 2,2,3-三甲基丁烷2,2,4-trimethypentane (iso-octane) 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-bromobutane 2－溴丁烷2-hydroxybenzoic acid 2－对羟基苯甲酸2-methylpentan-3-one 2－甲基3－戊酮3-ethylpent-2-ene 3－乙基烯acid-base reaction 酸碱反应activation energy 活化能（分子开始反应所需最低能量，为活化分子能量与所有分子平均能量差）addition 加成alanine 丙氨酸alcohol 醇aldehyde 醛aliphatic alcohol 脂肪醇aliphatic aldehyde 脂肪醛aliphatic compounds 脂肪族化合物alkene 烯烃alkyl 烷基allotrope 同素异形体amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonium cyanate 氰化铵anhydrous salt 无水盐anti-bumping stone 沸石aqueous layer 水层arene 芳烃aromatic compounds 芳香族化合物（分子里含有一个或多个苯环的化合物）aspirin 阿司匹林atoms can rotate freely about a carbon-carbon single bond 原子可绕碳－碳单键自由旋转ball-and-stick model 球棍模型benzene ring 苯环branched-chain 支链buchner flask 布氏烧瓶，抽滤瓶buchner funnel 布氏漏斗（常用于真空抽滤疏松沉淀）buckminsterfullerenebut-2-ene 2－丙稀butan1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) 1－丁醇butanoic acid 丁酸cage 壳体，支架calculation of percentage yields 回收率的计算capillary electrophoresis apparatus 毛细管电泳仪carbanion 负（阴）碳离子carbocation 正（阳）碳离子carboxylic acid 羧酸Compact 致密的condenser 冷凝器convection currents 对流气流（由温差推动）criteria for checking purity 检测纯度的标准cyclic hydrocarbon 环烃（碳原子间相互连接成环状）cyclobutane 环丁烷decane 癸烷displayed formula (=full structural formula)distillation 蒸馏法eicosane 二十烷electric heating mantle 电热炉electrophile 亲电子试剂electrophilic addition 亲电子加成electrophilic substitution 亲电子取代elimination 消去equilibrium 平衡ester 酯ethanoic anhydride 酐ethanol (=CH3CH2OH) 乙醇ethyl- 乙基ethylamine 乙胺Ethylbenzene 乙基苯free redical 自由基free-radical substitution 自由基取代functional group 官能团gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱法general formulageodesic domes 地圆学说geometric (or cis-trans) isomer 几何异构体（顺式－反式）grooved cork 具孔塞ground glass cone-and-socket joint 磨口玻璃锥管接合处ground glass socket 磨口玻璃管halogenoalkane 卤代烃heptane 庚烷heterolytic fission 异裂（共价键断裂产生两个相反电荷的离子）high-performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱法homologous series 同系物homolytic fission 均裂（共价键断裂产生两个自由基）hydrolysis 水解hydroxy-（＝－OH）羟基hyphen 连字符immiscible liquid 不溶混液体impurity 杂质intermolecular hydrogen bond 分子间氢键Isomerism 同分异构现象ketone 酮kinetic energy 动能Kjeldahl 克耶达liquid circulates 液体循环melting point tube containing sample 装有样品的熔点测定管methanol (=CH3OH) 甲醇methoxymethane 甲氧基甲烷methyl（－CH3）甲基Methylpropane 甲基丙烷molecular formulanomenclature 系统命名法nonane 壬烷nucleophile 亲核试剂nucleophilic addition 亲核加成nucleophilic substitution 亲核取代organic chemistry 有机化学paper chromatography 纸层析法paraffin oil 石蜡油pentan-3-one 3-戊酮pentane 戊烷phenyl ring(-C6H5) 苯基phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸phosphoric acid 磷酸preliminary calculation 预算propan-1-ol (=CH3CH2CH2OH) 1－丙醇propan-2-ol 2-丙醇propanal 丙醛propane 丙烷propylamine 丙胺pumice 浮石reaction mechanism 反应机制reaction pathway 反应途径recrystallisation 重结晶redistilling 重蒸馏Reflux 回流rubber ring 橡胶圈rubber seal 橡胶塞separating funnel 分液漏斗side-chain 侧链skeletal formula 骨架skeletonspectroscopic technique 光谱技术stereoisomerism 立体异构体stoppered flask 已塞紧的烧瓶stright-chain 直链structural formulastructural isomer 同分异构体（化合物具有相同的分子式，但具有不同结构）substitution 取代synthesis 合成the maximum mass of product 最大产量the neck of the reaction flask 烧瓶瓶颈thermometer 温度计thermostatically controlled heating mantle 恒温控制加热炉Thiele tube 蒂埃尔均热管thin-layer chromatography 薄层层析法three-dimensional formulaultraviolet (UV) 紫外线vacuum filtration 真空抽滤，真空过滤vinegar 醋visible spectroscopy 可见光voltage 电压water bath 水浴wavelength 波长Chapter 82,2,4-trimethyolpentane 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷2-methylpentane 戊烷adhesive 粘合剂alkane 烃alternatives to fossil fuels 化石燃料的代替品anaerobic decay 厌氧分解bimetallic catalyst 双金属催化剂biofuels 生物燃料bitumen 沥青burn off 燃尽carbon coke 焦炭carcinogenic aldehyde methanal 致癌的醛甲烷化catalytic cracking 催化裂化（由重质组分催化裂解为轻质组分）cellulose 纤维素chemical cell 化学电池CO2 emissions CO2 的排放coal 煤condensation 冷凝corrode 腐蚀cracking 裂化crude oil 原油cycloalkane 环烃cylinder 汽缸，圆筒diesel 柴油drastic action 剧烈反应efficient combustion 有效燃烧feedstock 给料ferment 发酵fission 裂变flow rate 流速Fluid 流体fluidised bed 流化床fossil 化石fraction 分馏物fractional distillation 分馏fractional distillation column 分馏塔fusion （核）聚变gasoline 汽油generate electricity 发电geothermal: hot rocks 地热：热岩greenhouse effect 温室效应hydrocarbons: fuels 碳氢化合物：燃料hydroelectricity 水电，水力发电inhalation 吸入isomerisation 异构化kerosene 煤油lead-acid battery 铅酸蓄电池lubricating oil 润滑油megawatt 兆瓦，即106瓦naphtha 粗汽油natural gas 天然气non-renewable resource 不可再生资源nuclear fuels 核燃料oil refinery 炼油厂oscillating motion 振动overflow pipe 溢流管oxidation product 氧化产物oxidiser 氧化剂petrol 汽油photovoltaic cell 阻挡层光电池plant 植物rapeseed 油菜籽raw material 原料recycle 重复利用reforming 重整regeneration chamber 燃烧室residue 废料，残渣seething mixture 沸腾的混合物separate into layers 分层sieve 滤网solar panels 太阳能（电池）板spherical tank 球形罐spillage 溢出steady state 稳态sunflower oil 葵花油sunlight: solar heating and photovoltaics 阳光：太阳热和太阳电池tarmac 停机坪thermal energy 热能transfer of energy to the surroundings 把能量转移到四周tray （分馏塔的）板turbine 涡轮waste products 废品weir 坝，堰zeolite 沸石Chapter 92,2-dimethylpropane 2,2－二甲基丙烷CH3· (methyl) free radical 甲基自由基chain reaction 链锁反应combustion in air 在空气中燃烧complete combustion in an excess of air 在过量空气中完全燃烧concentrated sulphuric acid 浓硫酸dodecane 十二烷hydrocarbons: alknes 碳氢化合物：烃in poorly ventilated rooms 在通风不足的房间initiation step 初级过程mechanism 机理overlap 重叠photochemical reaction 光化学反应（原子、分子、自由基或离子由吸收一个具有一定频率的光子而成为激发态所引起的反应）photodissociation 光解作用（分子通过吸收一个光子的电磁能分裂出一个或多个原子）propagation step 增殖过程saturated hydrocarbon 饱和烃termination step 终止过程tetrachloromethane 四氯甲烷undecane 十一烷unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃waxy solid 蜡状固体Chapter 102-methylbuta-1,3-diene 2－甲基－1,3－二丙稀addition polymerisation 加聚反应（由大量小分子（单体）相继加成为大分子量化合物或聚合物）antifreeze 防冻剂bark 树皮cis-trans isomerism 顺－反式同分异构现象decolourise 褪色dibromo- 二溴diene 二烯electron-richelectrophilic addition 亲电加成ethane-1,2-diol 乙烷－乙二醇gas scrubber 气体洗涤器gutta-percha 杜仲胶，古塔胶hard margarine 硬植物油horny 角状的，粗硬的hydrocarbons: alkenes 碳氢化合物：烯烃industrial methylated spirits 工业甲基化酒精inelastic 无弹力的isoprene 异戊（间）二烯latex 橡浆，树乳monomer 单体（见chapter 3 building-block）multiple bond 重键（不饱和化合物中双键和三键的总称）natural rubber 天然橡胶nickel catalyst 镍催化剂non-biodegradable 不可生物降解optic nerve 视觉神经percha treepollutant 污染物poly(chloroethene) 聚氯乙烯poly(phenylethene) 聚苯乙烯polymerisation 聚合反应polyunsaturated 多个不饱和的propene is bubbled through a solution of bromine 把丙稀通入溴水中repeat unit 重复单元retinal 视网膜steam 蒸汽styrene 苯乙烯systematic name 系统命名traditionally vinyl chloride 氯乙烯triethyl- 三乙基Ziegler-Natta catalyst 齐格勒－纳塔催化剂（由两种金属化合物反应而成，用于烯烃、双烯烃等聚合，生成聚乙烯、聚丙烯）planar molecule 平面分子Chapter 11acidified aqueous potassium dichromate 酸化二氯溶液acyl chloride (acylation) 酰基氯，氯化某酰（酰化作用）adulteration 搀杂alkoxide ion（＝RO-）烷氧离子anaerobic process 厌氧过程ceramic wool soaked in ethanol 陶瓷羊毛colvescorresponding alcohol 相应的醇dehydration 脱水deterrent 灭菌剂enzyme 酶ethanoate 醋酸盐ethoxide ion 乙氧基离子fermentation 发酵foul taste 恶臭fruity odour 水果香味gentle heating 微热glucose 葡萄糖infrared spectrum 红外光谱（分子只能吸收与其振动、转动频率相一致的红外线而形成特征光谱）litmus paper 石蕊试纸（检查酸碱性用）metabolism 新陈代谢miscibility with water 与水的互溶性phenolphthanlein incicator 酚酞指示剂pore 孔porous ceramic surface 多孔的陶瓷表面primary alcohol 伯醇reverse reaction 逆发应secondary alcohol 仲醇simplified equation 简化方程式tertiary alcohol 叔醇wavenumber 波数yeast 酵母菌Chapter 12aerosol propellant 气溶胶火箭燃料anti-inflammatory medic ine 消炎药aqueous ethanolic silver nitrate 乙醇硝酸银溶液blowing agent 发泡剂bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF) 溴氯二氟甲烷（灭火剂）circuit board 电路板combustible materiall 可燃物degreasing agent 除油剂electrical insulation 电绝缘材料halogenoalkanes 卤代烃ibuprofen 布洛芬，异丁苯丙酸（解热镇痛药）ozone ‘hole’ 臭氧层空洞primary halogenoalkane 伯卤代烃rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎second halogenoalkane 仲卤代烃silver halide precipitate 卤化银沉淀stratosphere 平流层tertiary halogenoalkane 叔卤代烃the classification of halogenoalkanes 卤代烃的分类Chapter 13beaker 烧杯bond breaking 断键bond making 成键Chapter 13 enthalpy change 焓变clamp 夹copper spiral 铜圈endothermic reaction 吸热反应（体系从环境吸收热能，化学反应的焓变为正值）energy transfer 能量转移enthalpy changes by different routes 不同途径的焓变enthalpy cycleexothermic reaction 放热反应（体系放热给环境，化学反应的焓变为负值）first law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律（本质是能量守恒定律）flame calorimeter 火焰量热计graph extrapolated backwards to starting time 反推到开始时间的曲线图Haber process 哈伯合成氨法heat capacity 热容（当一系统由于加给一微小的热量δQ而温度升高δT时，Δq/δT这个量即是热容）heating-insulated vessel 隔热容器Hess’ law 赫斯定律（一个化学反应的热销应决定于其始终态，与中间过程无关）joule 焦耳〔能量和功的单位〕law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律（在任一封闭系统中总能量保持不变）metal calorimeter 金属量热计negative value(-) 负值pascal 帕斯卡（压强单位）perpetual motion 永恒运动polystyrene cup 聚苯乙烯杯positive value(+) 正值reaction pathway 反应途径release large quantities energy 释放大量能量screw 螺旋桨shield 护板specific heat capacity of water 水的比热容spectator ionstandard enthalpy change of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of formation 标准摩尔生成焓standard enthalpy change of reaction 标准反应焓变（标准状态下反应的焓变）standard enthalpy changes: standard conditions 标准焓变：标准状态stirrer 搅拌器suction pump 真空泵，抽水机vacuum flask 真空烧瓶wick 灯芯Chapter 14reaction rates 反应速率acidity 酸性，酸度adsorb 吸附aldehyde 乙醛at normal temperatures and pressures 在常温常压下basicity 碱度；碱性Bung 塞camphor 樟脑catalytic converter 催化转化器celluloid 赛璐珞(明胶)chemical analysis 化学分析chemical kinetics 化学动力学colorimeter 色度计colour intensity 色度concentration of reactants 反应物浓度constant random motion 永恒的无规则运动desorb 解吸entropy 熵（热力学状态函数，用于量度系统无序度，等于吸收之热与吸热时绝对温度之商）esterification 酯化exhaust gases 排放气体factors that affect the rate of a reaction 影响反应速率的因素gas syringe 气体注射器glass delivery tube 玻璃导管heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化（催化剂与反应物处于不同相如在固体和流体相界面间发生催化作用）homogeneous catalysis 均相催化（催化剂与反应物在同相中反应）intensity of the radiation 照射的强度inverted, water-filled burette 倒置的装满水的量管latitude 纬度low-energy collisions 低能量碰撞nitrocellulose 硝化纤维素nitroglycerine 硝化甘油oxyacetylene torch 氧乙炔火炬peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) 硝酸过氧化乙酰ppb 十亿分之一（10－10）ppm 百万分之一（10－6）pressure sensor 压力感受器rate determining step 决定反应速率的步骤removal 去除Ribenascanning probe microscopy(SPM) 扫描显微探针sealed container 密闭容器self-sustainedspectrophotometer 分光光度计(根据样品对可见光分解为单色光后的透（反）射能量与波长的函数关系，可准确分析色度或比较两种波长的发光强度)surface area 表面积temperature sensor 温感器（能对温度变化作出反应）the asymmetric shape of the curve 曲线的不对称形状the Boltzemann distribution 玻耳兹曼分布（处于热平衡的气体中具有不同能级的分子数的几率）the collision theory of reactivity 碰撞理论（化学反应速率等于反应物分子间的碰撞数乘以有效碰撞因子）Timer 计时器Chapter 15equilibra 平衡base 碱closed system 封闭系统constancy of macroscopic propertiescotton wool 脱脂棉dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡（在一定条件下德可逆反应里，正反应和逆反应德速率相等，反应混合物中各组成成分德含量保持不变）fertility 肥(沃)度forwards direction 正方向irreversible one-way reaction 不可逆单向反应keep the pressure constant 保持恒压Le Chatelier’s principle 勒沙特列原理（如果改变影响平衡的一个条件如浓度、压强或温度等，平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动）macroscopic propertiesnail varnish remover 洗甲油Ostwald process 奥斯特瓦尔德法（制硝酸，采用高温铂网催化剂，将氨氧化为氧化氮，经水吸收成硝酸）porous iron 多孔的铁reaction vessel 反应容器reverse direction 反方向reversible reaction 可逆反应strong acid 强酸the equilibrium shifts to minimize this increase 平衡就向能够减弱这种改变的方向移动weak acid 弱酸氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid。
化学英语证书考试(PEC)常用词汇定义
化学英语证书考试（PEC）常用词汇定义Absorbents - Absorbents are material that take up or absorb any liquids or vapors that come in contact with it.Acetyl - Any chemical compound with an acetate group.Acid- It is a water soluble sour tasting chemical compound. An acid has pH less than 7. The molecule contains hydrogen and are sour tasting compounds and their generic formula is AH.Acidosis - Acid poisoning in the bloodAdditives - In the manufacturing process of plastics, polymer is just one constituent. There are other chemicals like impact modifiers, colorants, reinforcements, plasticisers and stabilizers etc that give specific properties to the plastics. These are called additives.Agrochemical - Chemicals, like hormone, fungicide, or insecticide, that improve or protects the crop production.Alcohols - Alcohol in chemistry means any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (OH) is bound to a carbon atom, further bound to other hydrogen and/or carbon atoms.Aldehyde - An important starting material and intermediate in organic synthesis. Many aldehydes of industrial significance are used as solvents, perfumes, and flavouring agents or as intermediates in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.Aliphatic - Any organic compound in which the main structure is a chain of carbon atoms joined to each other.Alkali - A compound that has the ability to neutralize an acid to form a salt. A substance which is somewhat irritating or corrosive to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Turns red litmus paper to blue. Common strong alkalis are sodium and potassium hydroxide.Alkenes - Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.AllChemE - Alliance for Chemical Sciences and Technologies in Europe. The representative body for chemistry and chemical engineering in Europe.Amines - Amines are organic compounds containing nitrogen. Here one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups or other groups where the nitrogen is bonded to a carbon atom in the group. Amine are used in rubber, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic resins and fibres and in a host of other applications.Amorphous solid - A noncrystalline solid with no well-defined ordered structure.Anhydride- Any chemical compound obtained, either in practice or in principle, by the elimination of water from another compound.Aromatics- Aromatics, so called because of their distinctive perfumed smell, are a group of hydrocarbons including, mainly, benzene, toluene and the xylenes. These are basic chemicals used as starting materials for a wide range of consumer products. Almost all aromatics come from crude oil, although small quantities are made from coal.Atom - Atom is the basic building block of chemistry. Atoms, also called chemical elements, can combine with one another to form compound. It is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes.Biocide- Biocides are formulations of one or more active substances which can kill or control viruses, bacteria, algae, moulds or yeasts.Burden of the Past - The 30,000 Existing Chemicals estimated to be on the EU market, for which little or no information is available, in particular about their long-term effects on human health or the environment.CAS number - Chemical Abstracts System number; CAS® is the producer of the world's largest and most comprehensive databases of chemical information. It is a division of the American Chemical Society.Catalyst - A substance which aids or promotes a chemical reaction without forming part of the final product.Catalytic cracking- The process of breaking up heavier hydrocarbon molecules into lighter hydrocarbon fractions by use of heat and catalysts.Category- A group of closely related chemicals whose physico-chemical, ecotoxicological or toxicological properties follow a regular pattern because of structural similarity.Chemical Reaction- A chemical process in which substances are changed into different substances with different properties.Colloid - Colloidal systems are stable dispersions of microscopic solid particles.Composite - A solid material made of two or more different substances, combined to produce a new substance whose properties are superior to the original components in a specific application.Compound- A compound (or molecule) is a combination of two or more different chemicalelements (atoms) held together by chemical bonds.Contaminant- An impurity not intended to be present in the product that may be introduced through such things as poor cleaning, processing, lack of appropriate environmental and personnel controls during the manufacturing process, handling and distribution.Centrifugal Compressor- A centrifugal compressor compresses air or gas by means of mechanical rotating rotating vanes or impellers.Chemical Recycling - Chemical recycling is the process of recycling waste products by partially altering their chemical structure.Chromatography - Chromatography is a process for separating mixtures such as gases into their component parts for analytical purposes.Dioxins (PCDDs)- General name given to 210 organic compounds containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen with one to eight chlorine atoms.Distillate - The liquid obtained through distillation.Distillation - The process of boiling a liquid and collecting its condensed vapour. This process is used to purify liquids and to separate liquid mixtures.Emulsifier - An emulsifier (or emulsifying agent) is a substance which can be used to produce an emulsion out of two liquids that normally cannot be mixed together (such as oil and water). Emulsifiers are common in foods to maintain consistency within puddings, powders, etc.Ester - Any of a class of organic compounds made from the chemical reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid.European chemicals legislation - Mainly based on four legal instruments on chemicals currently in force in the Community : ·Excipient - Any substances other than the active drug or product which have been appropriately evaluated for safety and are included in a drug delivery system.Extinguishing Agents - Media suitable for controlling or putting out a fire, when properly applied.Fertiliser - Substance that adds inorganic or organic plant nutrients to soil and improves its ability to grow crops, trees, or other vegetation.Flame retardants - Any chemical compound used to raise the ignition point of such materials as cloth or plastic, and thereby increase their resistance to combustionFlammable - A material which is easily ignited.Flocculant - Flocculants are products used in waste treatment to separate unwanted components from water and sludge.Hygroscopic - Capacity to absorb water.Impurity - A substance unintentionally contained in a product other than the desired substance.Inhibitor- A substance which is added to another substance to prevent an unwanted chemical reaction from occurring.Inorganic Chemicals - A category of chemicals that do not include carbon and its derivatives as principal elements.Isomerisation- The chemical process by which a compound is transformed into any of its isomers i.e., forms with the same chemical composition but with different structure or configuration and, generally different physical and chemical propertiesLatex - A water emulsion of a synthetic rubber or plastic obtained by polymerization and used especially in coatings, paints and adhesives.Melting Point - The temperature at which a solid substance changes to liquid stateNon-Combustible - A material which will not ignite, burn or support combustion when subjected to heat or fire.Organic Chemicals - Organic chemicals are based on carbon compounds.Ozone Depletion - Chemical destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer over and above natural processes.Petrochemical - An organic compound that has been derived from petroleum or natural gas.Phthalate- Phthalates, or phthalate esters are manufactured from methanol and are used as plasticisers to soften the plastic. They are also used in other non-PVC applications like paints, rubber products, adhesives and some cosmetics.Polymer - When individual molecules (monomers) link up in a chain-like fashion, they form a polymer. The chemical reaction that forms a polymer is called polymerization.Solution - Uniformly dispersed mixtureof the solvent and the solute. The solvent can be water or any other fluid and solute is the dissolved substance.Solvent - A solvent is a liquid that has the ability to dissolve, suspend or extract other materials, without chemical change to the material or solvent. Solvents make it possible to process, apply, clean or separate materials. Water is an inorganic solvent. Organic solvents include hydrocarbon solvents, oxygenated solvents and chlorinated solvents.Stabilizer - A stabilizer is a substance added to another substance to prevent an alteration of its physical state.Surfactant - Surfactants are products used as detergents, dispersing agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, foaming or anti-foam agents, and solubilisers. They also constitute the raw material for the formulation of household products such as fabric detergents, shampoos, housecleaning products, as well as industrial auxiliary products for facilitating work in the manufacture of textile, flotation agents for ore, metal working, etc. They are used in other sectors of industry such as food processing, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals and public works.Viscous - Having resistance to flow.Volatility- The tendency or ability of a liquid to pass into the vapour phase; liquids such as alcohol or gasoline, because of their tendency to evaporate rapidly, are called volatile liquids.。
生物学专业英语词汇（C）_生物化学英语词汇
c horizon c 层c protein c 蛋白c test 放射性碳测定年代法c/n ratio 碳氮比c4plant c4植物c5plant c5 植物ca dependent protease 钙相依性蛋白酶cabbage 甘蓝cabbage b virus 甘蓝 b 病毒cable theory 电缆论cabot's ring 卡伯特氏环cacao tree 可可树cachexy 恶液质cacogenesis 杂交无能cacosmia 恶臭cacti 仙人掌cactus 仙人掌cadaver 尸体cadaverine 尸胺cadmium 镉caecum 盲肠caenogenesis 新生发生caespitosa 丛生caespitose plant 簇生植物caffeic acid 咖啡酸caffeine 咖啡因cage management 笼养cage rearing 笼养cainozoic era 新生代cairns type molecule 结构cakiphyte 适钙植物calamus 羽根calathiform 杯形的calcaneum 跟骨calcaneus 跟骨calcar 距calcareous algae 石灰质海草calcareous body 石灰小体calcareous corpuscule 石灰小体calcareous sponges 石灰海绵类calcicole 适钙植物calcicolous plant 适钙植物calciferol 骨化醇calciferous gland 石灰质腺calcification 钙化calcified seaweed 石灰质海草calciform cell 杯形细胞calciphilous plant 适钙植物calciphobe 避钙植物calciphobous plant 避钙植物calcitonin 降钙素calcium 钙calcium chloride 氯化钙calcium current 钙流calcium eluviation 钙淋洗calcium phosphate gel 磷酸钙凝胶calcium pump 钙泵calculating machine 计算器calculator 计算器calculus 结石calf bone 腓骨calibration curve 校准曲线call note 呼唤性鸣声calling song 呼唤性鸣声callosity 皮肤硬结callus 愈伤组织callus differentiation 愈伤组织分化callusogenesis 愈伤组织发生caloric value 热值calorie intake 卡摄入calorification 热产生calorigenesis 热量产生calorimeter 卡计calvin cycle 卡尔文氏循环calving fever 授乳热calyciform 萼状的calycle 副萼calyculus 副萼calymma 囊外原生质calyptra 根冠calyptrogen 根冠原calyx 萼calyx lobe 萼片calyx tube 萼筒cambial activity 形成层活性cambium 形成层cambium activity 形成层活性cambium zone 形成层cambrian 寒武纪cambrian period 寒武纪camouflage 伪装campanaceous 钟状的campaniform 钟状的campanulate 钟状的campbell model 坎贝尔模型camphor 樟脑campylospermous 弯种子的campylotropous ovule 弯生胚珠canada balsam 加拿大香胶canada turpentine 加拿大香胶canal 管canal of laurer 劳氏管canal system 沟系canaliculus 小管canary 金丝雀canary bird 金丝雀cancer 癌cancer cell 癌细胞cancer gene 癌基因cancerocidal substance 抑癌物质cancerogenesis 癌发生cancerogenesis promoter 肿瘤诱发物cancerogenic substance 致癌因子cane 苇cane sugar 甘蔗糖canine 犬的canine fossa 犬齿窝canine tooth 犬牙cannibalism 同类相食cannula 套管canopy 授层canopy density 林冠密度canyon 峡谷cap 极帽cap structure 帽结构capacity 包容力capacity for absorption 吸收能力capacity of germinating 发芽能力capillaceous 毛状的capillarity 毛细酌capillaroscope 毛细管显微镜capillary 毛细管capillary network 毛细管网络capillary vessel 毛细血管capillary water 毛细管水capillitium 孢丝capitulum 头状花序caponising 鸡去势capric acid 癸酸capronic acid 己酸caprylic acid 辛酸capsid 壳体capsomer 衣壳体capsomere 衣壳体capsula 孢蒴capsular antigen 荚膜抗原capsular bacterium 荚膜细菌capsular polysaccharide 荚膜多糖类capsularfruit 蒴果capsule 被膜capsulea 孢蒴capsulogenous gland 卵壳腺captacula 头丝capture 捕获capture recapture method 标记重捕法carapace 背甲carbamate kinase 氨基甲酸激酶carbamyl phosphate 氨基甲酰磷酸盐carbocyclic compound 碳环化合物carbohydrase 糖酶carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbohydrate metabolism 碳水化合物代谢carbohydrate reserve 炭水化合物储备carbolic acid 苯酚carboligase 聚醛酶carbon assimilation 碳同化carbon content 碳含量carbon cycle 碳循环carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide fixation 碳酸气固定carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbon monoxide bacterium 一氧化碳细菌carbon nitrogen ratio 碳氮比carbonic acid 碳酸carbonic acid adsorption 碳酸吸附carbonic acid anhydride 碳酸酐carbonic acid content 碳酸含量carbonic acid gas 二氧化碳carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carboniferous period 石炭纪carbonization 碳化carbonuria 碳酸尿carboxyhaemoglobin 碳氧血红蛋白carboxyl group 羧基carboxyl terminal analysis 羧基末端分析carboxylase 羧化酶carboxylic acid 羧酸carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素carboxypeptidase 羧基肽酶&?憎carcase 尸体carcass 尸体carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原carcinogen 致癌因子carcinogenophore 致癌中心carcinoid 类癌瘤carcinolysin 溶癌素carcinoma 恶瘤carcinosarcoma 癌肉瘤cardia 心脏的cardiac 贲门cardiac glycoside 强心甙cardiac muscle 心肌cardiac nerve 心脏神经cardiac orifice 贲门cardiac pouch 贲门囊cardiac reflex 心脏反射cardiac sac 心囊cardiac valve 心瓣cardiac ventricle 心室cardinal vein 植脉cardiolipin 心磷脂cardiopathy 心脏病cardiophyllous 心形叶的cardiovascular system 心血管系统carina 龙骨突carinate 龙骨状的cariopside 颖果carmine 胭脂红carminic acid 胭脂红酸carnation 荷兰石竹carnification 肉样变carnitine 肉毒碱carnivore 食肉动物carnivorous animal 食肉动物carnivorous plant 食虫植物carnosine 肌肽carotenase 胡蕹卜素酶carotene 胡萝卜素carotenoid 类胡萝卜素carotid 颈动脉carotid artery 颈动脉carotid gland 颈动脉腺carotid sinus 颈动脉窦carotid vein 颈静脉carotin 胡萝卜素carotinase 胡蕹卜素酶carotinoid 类胡萝卜素carp 鲤carpal bone 腕骨carpel 雌蕊叶carpellum 雌蕊叶carpogone 果孢carpogonium 果孢carpophore 心皮柄carpopodite 腕节carpopodium 心皮柄carposporangium 果孢囊carpospore 果孢子carposporophyte 果孢体carpus 腕节carrier 带菌者carrier free 无载体的carrier phage 载体噬体carrier protein 载体蛋白质carrot 胡萝卜cartilage 软骨cartilage bone 软骨性骨cartilage cell 软骨细胞cartilage tissue 软骨组织cartilagineus 软骨的cartilaginos skeleton 软骨cartilaginous bone 软骨性骨cartilaginous fishes 软骨鱼类cartilaginous skull 软骨颅cartilaginous tissue 软骨组织caruncle 种阜caryogamy 核配caryokinesis 核分裂caryolymph 核液caryoplasm 核质caryopsis 颖果caryosome 染色质核仁caryotheca 核膜caryotype 染色体组型cascade reaction 串联反应casein 酪素casein content 酪蛋白含量casette model 磁带模型caste 级caste pheromone 阶层信息素caste system 阶层制caster bean 蓖麻caster oil 蓖麻castoreum 海狸香castrate 去势动物castrated animal 去势动物castration 去势castration cell 去势细胞casual 偶然的casual species 偶见种cat 猫catabolism 分解代射catabolite 分解代谢产物catabolite repression 降解物阻遏catadromous fish 降海产卵鱼catagenesis 退化catalase 过氧化氢酶catalysis 催化酌catalyst 催化剂catalytic center 催化中心catalytic exchange reaction 接触交换反应catalytic reaction 催化反应catalytic triad 催化三分子catalyzer 催化剂cataphyllary leaf 低出叶cataplasia 退化cataract 白内障catastrophe 激变catastrophism 灾变说catatonosis 渗透压降低cataxia 集落分离catching 捕获catchment area 集水盆地catechin 儿茶素catecholamine 几茶酚胺catecholamine receptor 儿茶酚胺感受器catelectrotonus 阴极电紧张catena 链catenated form 连环型catenation 链状排列catenoid colony 链状群体caterpillar 毛虫cathepsin 组织蛋白酶cathode 负极cathode rays 阴极线cation 阳离子cation exchange 碱基交换cation exchange membrane 阳离子交换膜cation exchange resin 阳离子交换尸cationic detergent 阳离子去垢剂catkin 柔荑花序cattle plague 牛疫cauda 尾caudal ala 尾翼caudal artery 尾动脉caudal fin 尾caudal vein 尾静脉caudal vesicle 尾泡caudate nucleus 尾状核caudicle 花粉块柄caulidium 拟茎体cauliflory 老茎开花现象cauliflower 花椰菜cauliflower mosaic virus 花椰菜花叶病毒cauline leaf 茎叶caulis 茎caulome 枝条轴caulorrhizous 茎状根的cave 洞穴cave nesting animals 穴居动物cavernicole 穴居动物cavernicolous animals 穴居动物cavernous body 海绵体cavernous tissue 勃起组织cavity 腔cdna cloning 互补 dna 克隆化cdna probe cdna 探查物cdp ethanolamine cdp 乙醇胺cecidium 虫瘿celeriac 芹菜celery 芹菜cell 细胞cell body 细胞体cell breeding 细胞育种cell culture 细胞培养cell death 细胞死亡cell division 细胞分裂cell enclosure 细胞含物cell engineering 细胞工程cell envelope 细胞外被膜cell free extract 无细胞浸出物cell fusion 细胞融合cell inclusion 细胞含物cell line 细胞株cell lineage 细胞谱系cell membrane 胞膜cell mouth 细胞口cell nucleus 细胞核cell of wing 翅室cell organ 胞器cell plate 细胞板cell sap 细胞液cell theory 细胞说cell wall 胞壁cellfree translation 无细胞系翻译cellobiase 纤维二糖酶cellobiose 纤维二糖cellular immunity 细胞免疫cellular morphology 细胞形态学cellular organization 细胞形成cellular respiration 细胞呼吸cellular sap 细胞液cellular segregation 细胞分离cellular tissue 细胞状组织cellularity 细胞性质cellulase 纤维酶cellulose 纤维素cellulose decomposing bacteria 纤维素分解细菌cellulose decomposing fungi 纤维素分解真菌类cellulose microfibril 纤维素微纤丝cement 牙骨质cement gland 粘腺cement substance 粘合质cementoblast 垩质原细胞cenobiosis 群落生活cenobium 定形群体cenocyte 多核体cenogenesis 新生发生cenosis 群落cenozoic era 新生代center 中心center of asymmetry 非对称中心center of dispersal 分散中心center of distribution 分散中心center of origin 起源中心centipedes 唇足类central body 中心体central canal of spinal cord 脊髓中央管central capsule 中央囊central cell 中央细胞central cylinder 中柱central disc 中盘central dogma 中心法则central excitation 中枢兴奋central inhibition 中枢抑制central lacteal 中心乳糜管central metabolic pathway 中心代谢途经central nervous system 中枢神经系central nervure 中脉central spindle 中心纺锤体centric fusion 着丝粒并合centrifugal force 离心力centrifugal nerve 离心神经centrifugal selection 离心淘汰centrifugal tube 离心管centrifugation 远心沉淀centrifuge 远心沉淀器离心机centrifuge microscope 离心显微镜centriole 中心粒centripetal 向心的centripetal canal 向心水管centripetal inflorescence 向心花序centripetal nerve 向心神经centripetal selection 向心淘汰centrochromatin 中心染色质centrocyte 中央细胞centrodesm 中心体连丝centrodesmose 中心体连丝centrolecithal egg 中黄卵centromere 着丝粒centromere distance 着丝粒距离centromere fiber 着丝粒纤维centromere interference 着丝粒干涉centroplasm 中心质centrosome 中心体centrosphere 中心球centrotaxis 悄性cephalalgie 头痛cephalgia 头痛cephalic 头部的cephalic appendage 头部附肢cephalic filament 头丝cephalic fold 头褶cephalic ganglion 脑神经节cephalic index 头指数cephalic plate 顶板cephalic shield 头盾cephalic slit 头裂cephalic tentacle 头触手cephalic vesicle 脑泡cephalin 脑磷脂cephalization 头向集中cephalochordates 无头类cephalodium 衣瘿cephalopods 头足类cephalosporin 头孢菌素cephalothorax 头胸部cerasin 角苷脂ceratitis 角膜炎cercaria 摇尾幼虫cercus 尾须cereal crops 谷类罪cereals 谷粒cerebellar 小脑的cerebellar hemisphere 小脑半球cerebellar peduncle 小脑脚cerebellum 小脑cerebral convolution 脑回cerebral cortex 大脑皮质cerebral ganglion 脑神经节cerebral hemisphere 大脑半球cerebral nerve 脑神经cerebral sense organ 头感器cerebral ventricle 脑室cerebral vesicle 脑泡cerebration 脑活动cerebroside 脑苷脂cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊髓液cerebrospinal nervous system 脑脊髓神经系统cerebrum 大脑ceriferous 产蜡的ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白cerumen 耵聍耳垢ceruminous gland 耵褓cervical 颈的cervical region 颈部cervical vertebra 颈椎cervix 颈cessation of growth cessation 生长停滞cestoda 绦虫类cg content cg 含量chaeta 刺毛chaetopods 毛足类chaetotaxy 毛序chain 链chain coccus 链球菌chain elongation 链延伸chain molecule 链型分子chain reflex 连锁反射chain termination codon 链终止密码子chalaza 合点;卵带;毛突chalazogamy 合点受精chalice cell 瓶状细胞chalk 白垩chalone 抑素chamaephyte 地上芽植物chamber 室chance for survival 存活机会chance of surviving 存活机会change 变化change of crops 轮作change of function 机能更换channel 管道character 性状character constancy 特性稳定性character displacement 性状替换character gradient 梯度变异characteristic 性状characteristic plant 特詹物characteristic species 特罩charcoal 炭charge transfer complex 电荷传递复合体charged polar amino acid 带电极性氨基酸charophyte 轮藻植物chart 图解chasmogamy 开花受精chasmophyte 岩隙植物check 验证check cross 验证杂交checking 证明验证cheek 颊chela 螯chelate 螯合物chelate compound 螯合物chelating agent 螯合剂chelation 螯合酌chelicera 螯角chelicere 螯角chemical carcinogenesis 化学癌形成chemical correlation 体液相关chemical environment 化学环境chemical equilibrium 化学平衡chemical evolution 化学进化chemical fertilizer 无机肥料chemical mutagenesis 化学突变诱发chemical oncogenesis 化学癌形成chemical oxygen demand 化学耗氧量chemical pest control 化学害虫防治chemical processing 化学处理chemical property 化学性质chemical transmitter 化学传质chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透偶联假说chemo immunology 免疫化学chemoautotroph 化学自养生物chemoheterotroph 化学异养生物chemolithotroph 化能无机自养生物chemolithotrophic bacterium 化学无机营养菌chemolysis 化学分解chemonasty 感药性chemoorganotroph 化能有机营养生物chemoorganotrophic bacterium 化能有机营养菌chemophysiology 生理化学chemoreceptor 化学感受器化学受体chemosmosis 化学渗透chemostat 恒化器chemosynthesis 化学合成chemosystematics 化学分类学chemotactic peptide 钳性肽chemotaxis 签性chemotroph 化学营养生物chemotropism 向药性chernozem 黑土chersophyte 荒地植物chest 胸廓chest height 胸高chest height diameter 胸高直径chestnut soil 栗钙土chewing 咀嚼chi square test 检验chiasma 交叉chiasma frequency 交叉频率chiasma interference 交叉干涉chiasma localization 交叉局部化chiasmatype theory 交叉型理论chickenpox virus 水痘病毒chill 霜chill room 冷却室chilling injury 冷害chilopods 唇足类chimaera 嵌合体chimera 嵌合体chimera callus 嵌合体愈伤组织chimera dna 嵌合体 dna chimeric gene 嵌合体基因chimeric protein 嵌合体蛋白质chin 颏chinese cabbage 白菜chionophile 适雪植物chiropoda 唇足类chiropterans 翼手类chiropterophily 蝙蝠媒chit 枝条chitin 几丁质chitinase 几丁酶chitinous coat 几丁质被膜chitinous plate 几丁质板chitinous substance 几丁质chitosamine 壳糖胺chlamydogonidium 厚垣分生子chlamydospore 厚垣孢子chloragen cell 黄色细胞chloragogen cell 黄色细胞chloral 氯醛chloramphenicol 氯霉素chloramphenicol resistance 抗氯霉素chlorella 小球藻chlorenchyma 绿色组织chloride cell 氯细胞chloride ion potential 氯电位chloride potential 氯电位chlorine 氯chlorinity 氯含量chlorocruorin 血绿蛋白chloroform 氯仿chlorogenic acid 绿原酸chloroglobin 叶绿蛋白chloroperoxidase 氯化物过氧化物酶chlorophyll 叶绿素chlorophyll granule 叶绿体chlorophyllase 叶绿素酶chlorophyllbody 叶绿体chlorophyllin 叶绿酸chlorophyllous granule 叶绿素小粒chlorophyta 绿藻类chlorophyte 绿色植物chloroplast 叶绿体chloroplast ribosome 叶绿体核蛋白体chlorosis 萎黄choana 内鼻孔choanocyte 襟细胞cholamine 胆胺cholanic acid 胆烷酸cholecyst 胆囊choledochal duct 胆总管choleic acid 络胆酸cholera 霍乱cholera enterotoxin 霍乱毒素cholera toxin 霍乱毒素cholesterin 胆甾醇cholesterol 胆甾醇cholesterol oxidase 胆固醇氧化酶cholic acid 胆酸choline 胆碱choline acetylase 胆碱乙酰化酶choline oxidase 胆碱氧化酶cholinergic 胆碱能的cholinergic neuron 胆碱能神经元cholinesterase 胆碱脂酶chondrichthian 软骨鱼类chondrichthyes 软骨鱼类chondrification 软骨化chondrigen 软骨胶原chondrin 软骨胶chondriocont 杆状线粒体chondriokont 杆状线粒体chondriome 线粒体系chondriomere 线粒体区chondriomite 丝状线粒体chondriosome 线粒体chondriosphere 线粒体球chondroblast 成软骨细胞chondroclast 破软骨细胞chondrocranium 软骨颅chondrocyte 软骨细胞chondrogen 软骨胶原chondrogenesis 软骨形成chondroid 软骨的chondroid tissue 软骨样组织chondroitin 软骨素chondroitin lyase 软骨素裂解酶chondroitin sulfate 软骨素硫酸chondrology 软骨学chondromucoid 软骨粘蛋白chondroprotein 软骨蛋白chondrosin 软骨生chondroskeleton 软骨chorda mesoderm 脊诵胚层chorda mesodermal canal 脊诵胚层囊chorda tympani 鼓索chordates 脊睡物chordo mesoblast 脊诵胚层chordotonal organ 弦音器chorio allantoic membrane 尿囊绒膜chorio allantoie membranc 尿囊绒膜chorio allantois 尿囊绒膜chorion 绒膜chorionic gonadotrophin 绒膜促性腺激素chorionic gonadotropic hormone 绒膜促性腺激素chorionic gonadotropin 绒膜促性腺激素chorionic villus 绒膜绒毛choripetalous 离瓣的choripetalous plants 离瓣花类chorismic acid 分支酸choroid 脉络膜chorologic units 生物分布单位chorology 生物分布学chromaffine cell 嗜铬细胞chromaffine reaction 嗜铬反应chromatic figure 染色质像chromatid 染色单体chromatid aberration 染色单体畸变chromatid bridge 染色单体桥chromatin 染色质chromatin body 染色质体chromatin corpuscule 染色质体chromatin network 染色质网络chromatin thread 染色质纽chromatofocusing 色谱焦聚chromatogram 色层谱chromatographic column 色谱柱chromatography 层析法chromatolysis 染色质分解chromatomer 比色计chromatophore 载色体;色素细胞chromatophore organ 色素细胞瀑chromatophores 色素细胞chromatophorotrophin 色素细胞素chromatophorotropic hormone 色素细胞素chromatoplasm 色素质chromic acid 铬酸chromidia 核外染色粒chromiole 染色微粒chromium 铬chromobacterium 色素细菌chromocenter 染色中心chromocyte 色素细胞chromogen 色原chromogenesis 色素生成chromolysis 核质分解chromomere 染色粒chromomeric 染色粒的chromonema 染色线chromopexy 色素固定chromophage 噬色素细胞chromophilic 嗜染的chromophore 发色团chromophytes 有色植物类chromoplast 有色体chromoplastid 有色体chromoprotein 色素蛋白chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变chromosomal mutation 染色体实变chromosomal phenotype 染色体表型chromosomal vesicle 染色体泡chromosome 染色体chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chromosome break 染色体断裂chromosome condensation 染色体凝缩chromosome doubling 染色体复制chromosome duplication 染色体复制chromosome dyad 二分染色体chromosome elimination 染色体丢失chromosome fragment 染色体断片chromosome map 染色体图chromosome number 染色体数chromosome pairing 染色体配对chromosome set 染色体组chromosome translocation 染色体易位chromosomin 染色体蛋白chronaxie 时值chronaxy 时值chronic bacterial enteritis 慢性细菌性肠炎chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性检验chronotropismus 变时性chrysalid 蛹chufa 莎草chyle 乳糜chyle duct 乳糜管chyliferous vessel 乳糜管chylomicron 乳糜微粒chyme 食糜chymosin 凝乳酶chymosinogen 凝乳酶原chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen 胰凝乳蛋白酶cicada 蝉cicatrice 疤痕cicatricial tissue 瘢痕组织?骥ciliary band 纤毛环ciliary body 睫状体ciliary ganglion 睫状节ciliary movement 纤毛运动ciliary muscle 睫状肌ciliary process 睫状突ciliary ring 纤毛环ciliated epithelium 纤毛上皮ciliated funnel 纤毛漏斗ciliated groove 纤毛沟ciliates 纤毛虫类ciliation 睫毛ciliature 睫毛cilium 纤毛cinereous 灰色的cinnamic acid 肉桂酸cinnamon 肉桂circadian rhythm 昼夜节律circle of races 品圈circle of species 种圈circle of vegetation 植物界circular canal 环管circular chromosome 环形染色体circular dichroism 圆二色性circular genetic map 环状遗传图circular heteroduplex 环式异源双链核酸分子circular permutation 环状排列circulation 循环怜circulation of blood 血循环circulation of materials 物质循环circulation of sap 汁液怜circulation of substances 物质循环circulatory organ 循环瀑circulatory system 循环系circumferential lamella 基础板层circumnutation 回旋转头运动circumoesophageal commissure 食管神经环circumoesophageal nerve ring 食管神经环circumpolar plant 环极植物cirrhosis 硬变cirrus 棘毛cirrus pouch 阴茎囊cirrus sac 阴茎囊cis arrangement 顺式构型cis configuration 顺式构型cis dominance 顺式优势cis trans effect 顺反效应cis trans test 顺反测验cistron 顺反子cistron analysis 顺反子解析citrate synthase 柠檬酸合酶citric acid 柠檬酸citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环citrin 柠檬素citron 香橼citrulline 瓜氨酸civet 灵猫香cladode 叶状茎cladodium 叶状茎cladogenesis 系支发生cladogram 进化分枝图cladophyll 叶状茎cladophyllum 叶状茎cladophyllumm 叶状茎clan 同种小集团clarifying agent 澄清剂clasmatocyte 破折细胞clasper 抱器clasping leaf 抱茎叶clasping reflex 搂抱反射class 纲classical conditioning 经典条件酌classification 分类classification of organisms 生物分类clastogenesis 诱裂发生clavate 刽状的clavicle 锁骨clavoid 刽状的clavus 脉结claw 钩爪;瓣爪clay 粘土clay accumulation 粘土累积clay formation 粘土累积clayey soil 粘质土壤cleaning symbiosis 清除共生clear cutting 皆伐椎clear egg 未受精卵clear layer 透勉clearing 清除cleavage 开裂cleavage cavity 卵裂腔cleavage division 卵裂分裂cleavage furrow 卵裂沟cleavage nucleus 卵裂核cleft 裂隙cleft foot 裂足cleft leaf 裂叶cleistocarp 瘦果cleistogamic 闭花受精的cleistogamous 闭花受精的cleistogamy 闭花受精climacterium 更年期climagraph 气候图climate 气候climate chamber 人工气候室climatic climax 气候演替顶极climatic factor 气候因子climatic province 气候区climatic succession 气候性演替climatogenic succession 气候性演替climatological data 气象资料climatology 气候学climatope 气候环境climax 顶极climax community 顶极群落climax complex 演替顶极群落复合体climber 攀缘植物climbing root 攀缘根climbing stem 攀缘茎climogram 气候图climograph 气候图cline 梯度变异clinical microbiology 临床微生物学clinostat 回转器clisere 气候演替系列clitellum 环带clitoris 阴蒂cloaca 泄殖腔cloacal aperture 泄殖孔cloacal membrane 泄殖腔膜cloacel opening 泄殖孔clon 克隆clonal culture 无性系培养clonal selection 无性系选择clonal separation 无性系分离clone 克隆clone breeding 克隆育种clone variety 克隆品种cloning 无性繁殖系化cloning vector 克隆载体clonus 阵挛close breeding 近亲交配closed blood vascular system 闭式血管系closed circular dna 闭环 dnaclosed circulatory system 闭式血管系closed community 郁闭群落closed ring 闭环closed univalent 环状一价染色体closed vascular bundle 闭锁维管束closed venation 闭锁脉clostridial disease 梭菌病clostridium 梭状芽孢杆菌clot 凝块clotting 凝固clotting of blood 血凝固clotting time 凝固时间clove oil 丁香油clover 车轴草clover leaf model 三叶草图形clover leaf pattern 三叶草图形club fungi 担子菌类club mosses 石松类club root 根肿病clumped distribution 丛生分布clupeine 鲱精蛋白;鲱精朊cluster 线束clutch 一窝卵clutch of eggs 一窝卵clutch size 窝卵数clypeus 盾部cm cellulose 羧甲基纤维素cnida 刺丝囊cnidaria 刺胞动物cnidoblast 刺细胞cnidocil 刺针cnidocyst 刺丝囊cnidocystic sac 刺胞囊cnidosac 刺胞囊co 一氧化碳co ferment 辅酶co nucleus 辅助核co ordinate binding 配价键co repressor 辅阻遏物co transduction 连接转导co virus 共生病毒co3 二氧化碳co3 fixation 碳酸气固定co3 gross rate 碳酸气总量co3 incubator 碳酸气孵化器co3 net rate co3净量coacervate 聚生的coacervation 凝聚coaction 相互酌coactivator 辅助活化剂coagulability 凝固性coagulant 促凝剂coagulase 凝固酶coagulation 凝固coagulation necrosis 凝固性坏死coagulometer 凝血计coagulum 凝块coal 煤coalescence 连着coalescence of eggs 卵接合coalescent pistil 合生雌蕊coarctate pupa 围蛹coarse ash 粗灰分coarse hair 粗毛coastal desert 海岸荒漠coastal swamp 潮沼盐泽coastal vegetation 海岸植被coat 皮套coat protein gene 外壳蛋白基因coated seed 小丸剂状种子cobalamin 维生素b12 cobalamine 钴胺素cobalt 钴cobweb 蜘蛛巢cocaine 可卡因cocarboxylase 辅羧酶cocarcinogen 辅致癌剂coccid 介壳虫coccus 球菌coccygeal muscle 尾骨肌coccygeal vertebra 尾椎coccyx 尾骨cochlea 耳蜗cochlear canal 蜗管cochlear duct 蜗管cochleate 蜗牛状的cock 雄鸡coconut milk 椰子乳cocoon 茧cocoonase 茧化酶cod 荚code 密码code reading 密码解读codeine 可待因codificaiton 编码coding 编码codominance 共显性codominant 共显性种codon 密码子coefficient of diffusion 扩散系数coefficient of heritability 遗传率系数coefficient of kindship 同种交配系数coefficient of relationship 血缘系数coefficient of variation 变异系数coefficient of viscosity 粘性系数coelenterates 腔肠动物coelenteron 腔肠coeliac artery 腹腔动脉coeloblastula 有腔囊胚coelogastrula 有腔原肠胚coelom 体腔coelom theory 体腔说coelomaria 体腔动物coelomata 体腔动物coelomic 体腔coelomic cavity 体腔coelomic epithelium 体腔上皮coelomic fluid 体腔液coelomic pouch 体腔囊coelomic sac 体腔囊coelomoduct 体腔管coenobiosis 群落生活coenobium 定形群体coenogamete 无隔多核配子coenogenesis 新生发生coenosarc 共肉coenosis 群落coenospecies 近群种coenotype 群落型coenzyme 辅酶coenzyme q 辅酶 qcofactor 辅助因子cognitive psychology 识别心理学cohabitation 共生生活cohesion movement 内聚运动cohesive end 粘性末端cohesive force 内聚力cohesiveness 粘结性coincidence 交叉并发coincidence index 并发指数cointegrate 共整合子coition 交配coitus 交配col factor 大肠菌素因子colalescence 愈合colamine 胆胺colchicine 秋水仙碱cold blooded animal 冷血动物cold death 冻死cold front 寒冷前线cold injury 寒害cold point 冷点cold resistance 耐寒性cold spot 冷点cold stimulus 冷温刺激cold treatment 冷处理cold water species 冷水种cold zone 寒带coldness index 寒冷指数coleopterans 鞘翅类coleoptile 胚芽鞘coleoptile curvature bioassay 燕麦试法coleorhiza 胚根鞘colibacillus 大肠杆菌colibacteriophage 大肠菌噬菌体colicin 大肠菌素colicin tolerance 大肠杆菌素耐性colicinogenic factor 大肠菌素因子colicinogenicity 产大肠杆菌素性colinearity 共线性colitis 大肠炎collagen 胶原collagen disease 胶原病collagen fibre 胶原纤维collagenase 胶原酶collagenic 胶原的collagenic fibre 胶原纤维collagenous fibre 胶原纤维collapse 虚脱collar 襟collar bone 锁骨collar cavity 领腔collar cell 襟细胞collateral circulation 侧循环collateral fiber 并列纤维collateral inheritance 旁亲遗传collateral vascular bundle 外韧维管束collective fruit 聚花果collectivity 集合性collector 收集器collenchyma 厚角组织collenchyma cell 厚角细胞collenchymatous cell 厚角细胞collenchyme 厚角组织collodion 火棉胶colloid 胶质colloid complex 胶质复合体colloid osmotic pressure 胶体渗透压colloidal chemistry 胶体化学colloidal particle 胶体微粒colloidal solution 胶质溶液colloidal state 胶态collum 颈colon 结肠colon bacterium 大肠杆菌colonial nesting 繁殖集落colonometer 菌丛计算器colony 群体colony counter 菌落计数器colony formation 集落形成colony hybridization method 菌落杂交法colony transformation 菌落转化colophonium 松香colorimeter 比色计colorimetry 比色法colostrum 初乳colour 色colour blindness 色盲colour breaking 彩斑colour change 色变化colour reaction 显色反应colour sense 色觉colour trap 色陷阱colour vision 彩色视觉colouration 着色colt 马驹columella 轴柱columellar muscle 螺轴肌column 合蕊柱column chromatography 柱色谱法columnar cell 柱状细胞columnar epithelium 柱状上皮coma 昏迷comb 蜜房comb gill 栉鳃comb honey 蜂窝蜜comb plate 栉板combination 组合combination colour 合成色combined enzyme agent 酶复合体剂combined water 结合水combining ability 配合力combustion quotient 燃烧率comfort behavior 舒适行为coming into ear 穗头出现commaless code 无逗点密码command cell 指令神经元command neuron 指令神经元commensal 同住者commensal plant 共生植物commensalism 偏利共生commissural fiber 连合纤维commissural organ 连合器commissure 神经连合common bile duct 胆总管common chemical sense 共同化学感觉communication 传达community 群落community complex 群落复合community continuum 植被连续性community development 群落发生community ecology 群落生态学community stability 群落稳定性compact globule 致密小球compact structure 致密结构companion cell 伴胞comparative anatomy 比较解剖学comparative biochemistry 比较生物化学comparative ecology 比较生态学comparative morphology 比较形态学comparing account 比较计算compartment 区划compartmentalization 区域化compartmentation 区域化compass plant 指向植物compatibility 适合性compatibility for plants 植物适合性compatible 亲和的compensating chiasma 补偿交叉compensation 补偿compensation depth 补偿深度compensation point 补偿点compensatory hyperfunction 代偿性机能亢进compensatory hypertrophy 代偿性肥大compensatory pause 代偿间歇competence 受容能competent cell 感应细胞competition 竞争competition for food 食物竞争competition for space 空间竞争competition power of plants 植物竞争力competitive capacity 竞争能力competitive inhibition 竞争抑制complement 补体complement fixation 补体结合complement receptor 补体受体complemental air 补吸气complemental male 补雄complementary chiasma 互补交叉complementary chromatic adaptation 补色适应性complementary nucleus 辅助核complementary pair 互补对complementary seeding 补充播种complementation 互补酌complementation map 互补图complementation test 顺反测验complementation unit 互补单位complete antibody 完全抗体complete cleavage 完全卵裂complete flower 完全花complete medium 完全培养基complete metamorphosis 全变态complete regeneration 完全再生complete transduction 完全转导complex 复合体complex formation constant 复合体形成常数complex gene 复合基因complex lipid 复合脂类complon 互补单位component 构成成分composed phyllotaxis 复合叶序compositae 菊科植物composite egg 复合卵composite fruit 聚合果composite hybridization 复合杂交composite umbel 复伞形花序composites 菊科植物composition 构成compost 肥料compost activator 堆肥促进剂compound 化合物compound crossing over 复合交换compound egg 复合卵compound eye 复眼compound feed 复合饲料compound gland 复腺compound grain 复粒compound inflorescence 复花序compound leaf 复叶compound lipid 复合脂类compound protein 结合蛋白质compound raceme 复总状花序compound spike 复穗状花序compound umbel 复伞形花序compression 压缩compression wood 应压木computer 电子计算机computer center 计算中心comutation 并发突变conalbumin 伴白蛋白concatemer 连环体concatenation 连环酌concave vein 凹脉concealing colouration 隐匿色concentrated fodder 浓缩饲料concentrating culture 加富培养concentration 浓度concentration dependent 浓度有关的concentration gradient 浓度梯度concentric vascular bundle 同心维管束conceptacle 生殖窝conception 受孕conception rate 受孕率conch 贝壳conchiform 蜗牛状的conchiolin 贝壳硬蛋白conchology 贝类学conchyolin 贝壳硬蛋白concrement 结石concrescence 愈合concretion 结石condensation 凝缩condensing enzyme 缩合酶condiments 刀conditional gene 条件基因conditional lethal mutant 条件致死突变体conditional reflex 条件反射conditioned dominance 条件显性conditioned lethal 条件致死因子conditioned medium 条件培养基conditioned response 条件反应conditioned stimulus 条件刺激conditions of existence 生存条件conducing system 传导系conductibility 传导性conducting bundle 输导束conducting system 输导系统conducting tissue 输导组织conduction 传导conduction of impulse 冲动传导conduction of stimulus 剌激传导conduction system 传导系conductivity 传导性cone 球果cone cell 圆锥细胞confidence limit 置信界限configuration 构型conflict behavior 冲突行为confluent lysis 融合溶菌conformation 构象conformational analysis 构象分析conformational transition 构象迁移congealing 固体化congenital 先天的congenital defect 遗传缺陷congenital variation 先天性变异congestion 充血conglomerate 聚块conglutin 蓝豆蛋白congo red 刚果红congruent crossing 适宜交配congruent hybridization 适宜交配conical root 圆锥根conidial stage 分生孢子期conidiophore 分生孢子梗conidiosporangium 分生孢子囊conidiospore 分生孢子conidium 分生孢子conifer 针叶树coniferous forest 针叶林coniferous tree 针叶树conifers 球果植物conjoined twins 联体双生儿conjugant 接合体conjugate movement 共轭运动conjugated bile acid 结合胆汁酸conjugated bilirubin 接合胆红素conjugated protein 结合蛋白质。
PEC生物工程英语证书考试-生物科学常用术语.doc
PEC生物工程英语证书考试•生物科学常用术语Allogeneic A situation in which the donor and the recipientare not the same person.Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)Commonly known as a heart attack, is theinterruption of blood supply to part of the heart,causing some heart cells to die. This is mostcommonly due to occlusion (blockage) of acoronary artery following the rupture of avulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, which is anunstable collection of lipids (like cholesterol)and white blood cells (especially macrophages)in the wall of an artery. The resulting ischemia(restriction in blood supply) and oxygenshortage, if left untreated for a sufficient periodof time, can cause damage or death (infarction)of heart muscle tissue (myocardium). Autologous A situation in which the donor and the recipientare the same person.Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs) A cardioprogenitor cell is a cellular phenotypewith the capacity to yield myocardial tissue andblood vessels upon differentiation.Cardiac Resynchronisation therapy (CRT) A CRT is a type of pacemaker (is a medicaldevice which uses electrical impulses, deliveredby electrodes contacting the heart muscles, toregulate the beating of the heart) that can paceboth the septal and lateral walls of the leftventricle.Cardiac Stem Cells (CSCs)Cells that can give rise to all of the major celltypes in the human heart.Cardiogenic cocktail A mixture of growth factors, cytokines and smallmolecules that have the capacity to driveCardiopoiesis.Cardiogenesis Development of the heart in the embryo. Cardiopoietic Cells (CPCs)Cells that are precursors of fully differentiatedcardiac muscle cells. In the lab, CPCs can begenerated from stem cells by culture in thepresence of a specific cocktail of cardiotrophicfactors, which was developed at Mayo Clinic. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) A group of disorders of the heart and bloodvessels which includes:・ Coronary heart diseaseConsistency lotsCoronaty Artery Disease (CAD) • also known as Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)A condition in which atherosclerotic plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Plaque isCiyopreservationEmbryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) FormulationGood Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Heart Failure (HF)made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. This can causes angina (chest pain or discomfort) or a heart attack (when the blood flow to an area of the heart muscle is completely blocked, preventing oxygen-rich blood from reaching that area and causing it to die).Cryopreservation is a process where cells or whole tissues are preserved by cooling to low sub-zero temperatures. At these low temperatures, any biological activity, including the biochemical reactions that would lead to cell death, is effectively stopped.Stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.Formulation is the vehicle and the form inwhich an active compound is delivered in the body.Formulation is the vehicle and the form in which an active compound is delivered in the body.GMP is part of a quality system covering themanufacture and testing of active pharmaceutical products. GMPs are guidelines that outline the aspects of production and testing that can impact the quality of a product.Heart Failure is a condition in which the heart-Cerebrovascular disease・Peripheral arterial disease-Rheumatic heart disease・Congenital heart disease・Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolismLots produced to documented evidence that theprocess, operated within established parameters,can perform effectively and reproducibly tomanufacture a product meeting its predeterminedspecifications and quality attributes.Human MSCsImmunodeficient rodentsImplantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)Small battery-powered electrical impulseInduced Pluripotent Stems Cells (IPS) Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)In vivo (experiments)In vitro (experiment)Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Multipotent Stem Cellsgenerator which is implanted in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardiaIPSs are pluripotent cells derived from differentiated cells by forcing the expression of key pluripotency genes.A LVAD is a mechanical circulatory device that is used to partially or completely replace the function of a failing heart.The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat.Experiments done in animal living systems. Experiments done outside animal living systems.Cells located in many tissues serving to repairthe organs and tissues. These cells are found in organs like bone marrow, adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas.Cells that have the potential to give rise to cells from multiple, but a limited number of lineages;i.e. multipotent stem cells can differentiate intoa number of cells, but only those of a closely has been damaged and cannot pump enough blood to meet the bodys metabolic needs. HF can be of ischemic or non ischemic origin:・Ischemic Origin (Coronary Artery Disease) ・Non Ischemic Origino Hypertension: high blood pressure;o Other conditions such as heart valve disease, congenital heart defect, endocarditis (infection of the heart valves) and/or myocarditis (infection of the heart muscle).The failing heart keeps working but not as efficiently as it should. HF patients cannot exercise because they become short of breath and tired. In the most severe forms, even slight exercises, like walking a short distance, are impossible.MSCs (see definition below) of human origin.A lineage of rodents (like rats or mice) that aregenetically lacking some components of theimmune system (the system that protects againstexternal aggressions like infections).related family of cells.Neovasculogenesis Development of new blood vessels.New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class The NYHA Functional Classification provides asimple way of classifying the extent of heartfailure. It places patients in one of fourcategories based on how much they are limitedduring physical activity; thelimitations/symptoms are in regards to normalbreathing and varying degrees in shortness ofbreath and or angina pain.Paracrine Paracrine signalling is a form of cell signallingin which the target cell is near ("para" = near)the signal-releasing cell.Proteomics analysis Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins,particularly their structures and functions Secretome Term used to describe the set of proteinssecreted by a cell, a tissue or an organism. Stem cells Stem cells are primal cells. They retain theability to renew themselves through division andcan differentiate into a diverse range ofspecialised cell types. Stem cells can be found inadult tissues (adult stem cells), embryos(embryonic stem cells or ESCs) or umbilicalcord blood.Systolic dysfunction Impairment of the contractile function of theheart.Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) - Sustained VT (SVT)A ventricular tachycardia is a tachycardia, or fast heart rhythm, that originates in one of the ventricles of the heart.・If the fast rhythm self-terminates within 30 seconds, it is considered a non-sustained ventricular tachycardia;・If the rhythm lasts more than 30 seconds, it is known as a sustained ventricular tachycardia.Ventricula r fibrillation (VF)Ventricular fibrillation is a condition in whichthere is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiacmuscle of the ventricles in the heart.。
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生物英语证书考试(PEC)-生物化学常用词汇nucleoside 核苷Okazaki fragment 冈崎片段oncogene 癌基因，原癌基因one carbon unit 一碳单位operator 操纵基因operon 操纵子orotic acid 乳清酸ossification 成骨作用oxaloacetic acid 草酰乙酸oxidases 氧化酶类oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶palindrome 回文结构pancreatic lipase 胰脂肪酶pantothenic acid 遍多酸pentose 戊糖pentose phosphate pathway 磷酸戊糖途径pepsin 胃蛋白酶pepsinogen 胃蛋白酶原peptide 肽peptide bond 肽键peptidyl site 肽基位或P位peroxidase 过氧化物酶phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸phosphatidic acid 磷脂酸phosphogluconate 磷酸葡萄糖酸phospholipase 磷脂酶plasmid 质粒polycistron 多作用子polypeptide 多肽porphyrin 卟啉precipitation 沉淀preproalbumin 前清蛋白原primary structure 一级结构primase 引发酶primer 引物glucogenic amino acid 生糖氨基酸glucokinase 葡萄糖激酶gluconeogenesis 糖(原)异生作用glutamic acid 谷氨酸glutaminase 谷氨酰胺酶glutamine 谷氨酰胺glutathione 谷胱甘肽glycerol 甘油glycine 甘氨酸glycogen 糖原glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶glycogen synthase 糖原合成酶glycolysis 糖酵解guanosine 鸟苷helicase 解链酶(解旋酶)heme 血红素heteroduplex 杂化双链hexokinase 己糖激酶histamine 组胺histidine 组氨酸housekeeping gene 管家基因hybridization 杂交hydrogen bond 氢键hydrolase 水解酶类hydroperoxidases 氢过氧化酶类hydrophobic bond (hydrophobic interaction) 疏水键hydroxyapatite 羟磷灰石hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA cleavage enzyme HMG CoA裂解酶hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthetase HMG CoA合酶Hydroxyproline 羟脯氨酸acceptor site 受位acetone 丙酮activator 激活蛋白，激活剂，活化物adenine (A) 腺嘌呤adenosine 腺苷aerobic dehydrogenase 需氧脱氢酶alanine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白allopurinol 别嘌呤醇allosteric effect 别构(位)效应allosteric enzyme 变构酶，别位酶allosteric regulation 别构调节amine 胺aminoacyl site A位，氨酰基位anticodon 反密码子arginine 精氨酸ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸(维生素C)asparagine 天冬酰胺aspartic acid 天冬氨酸asymmetric transcription 不对称转录attenuator 衰减子base 碱基base pairing 碱基配对bile pigment 胆色素biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化calcitriol １，２５二羟胆骨化醇（钙三醇）calcium dependent protein kinase Ca依赖性蛋白激酶，蛋白激酶C(C激酶) Calmodulincarbohydrate 糖carnitine 肉毒碱catalase 触酶，过氧化氢酶cephalin 脑磷脂de novo synthesis 从头合成degradation 降解denaturation 变性deoxycholic acid 脱氧胆酸deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸dialysis 透析dihydroxyacetone phosphate 磷酸二羟丙酮disulfide bond 二硫键DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶domain 域,结构域,功能区donor site 给位double helix 双螺旋effector 效应器,效应物elongation 延长endopeptidase 内肽酶enhancer 增强子enolphosphopyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enzyme 酶essential amino acid 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸exon 外显子exopeptidase 外肽酶fat 脂肪feedback inhibition 反馈抑制作用feritin 铁蛋白ferrochelatase 亚铁螯合酶folic acid 叶酸free fatty acid 游离脂肪酸free radicals 自由基fructose diphosphatase 果糖二磷酸酶gene cloning 基因克隆gene expression 基因表达gene library 基因文库gene transfer 基因导入,转基因genetic code 遗传密码genetic engineering 基因工程genetic rebination 基因重组genome 染色体基因，基因组globin 珠蛋白hypocalcemia 低钙血症induction 诱导initiator codon 起动信号,起始密码子intermediary metabolism 中间代谢ionic bond 离子键isocitrate dehydrogenase 异柠檬酸脱氢酶isoleucine 异亮氨酸isomerase 异构酶类isozyme 同工酶jaundice 黄疸ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸key enzyme 关键酶kinase 激酶lactate 乳酸盐lecithin 卵磷脂leucine 亮氨酸ligase 连接酶linoleate 亚油酸linolenate 亚麻酸lipoic acid 硫辛酸lipoid 类脂lipoprotein 脂蛋白lithocholic acid 石胆酸lyases 裂合酶类malate 苹果酸malate aspartate shuttle 苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭metabolic regulation 代谢调节mitogen activated protein kinase 分裂原活化蛋白激酶mixed function oxidase 混合功能氧化酶molecular cloning 分子克隆molecular disease 分子病monooxygenase 单加氧酶monooxygenase system 单加氧酶体系nicotinamide 烟酰胺，尼克酰胺nitrogen balance 氮平衡pyruvate carboxylase 丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate dehydrogenase plex 丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvate kinase 丙酮酸激酶quaternary structure 四级结构rebinant DNA 重组DNAgenetic engineering 基因工程regulatory gene 调节基因renaturation 复性repair 修复replication 复制repression 阻遏residue 残基respiratory chain 呼吸链restriction endonuclease 限制性内切核酸酶retinol 视黄醇(维生素A)reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶reverse transcription 逆转录作用salting out 盐析salvage pathway 补救(重新利用)途径screening 筛选secondary structure 二级结构semiconservative replication 半保留复制sense strand 有意义链sequence 序列serine 丝氨酸signal recognition particle 信号肽识别颗粒silencer 抑制子simple protein 单纯蛋白质specificity 特异性splicing 剪接作用squalene 鲨烯stage specificity 阶段特异性stercobilinogen 粪胆素原stress 应激structural gene 结构基因substrate 作用物substrate level phosphorylation 作用物(底物)水平磷酸化subunit 亚单位，亚基succinate dehydrogenase 琥珀酸脱氢酶supersecondary structure 超二级结构Taurine 牛磺酸telomerase 端粒酶telomere 端区(端粒)template strand 模板链termination 终止terminator 终止子terminator codon 终止信号tertiary structure 三级结构thiamine 硫胺素(维生素B1) threonine 苏氨酸thymidine 胸苷，胸腺嘧啶核苷thymine (T) 胸腺嘧啶tocopherol 生育酚proalbumin 清蛋白原processing 加工proenzyme 酶原proline 脯氨酸promoter 启动基因(启动子)，催化剂prosthetic group 辅基protease 蛋白酶pyridoxal 吡哆醛pyridoxamine 吡哆胺。