英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
10. 定语状语的英译-学生版
The Translation of Attributives and Adverbials from Chinese into English 1.Leading-in1.1 Warm-up Activity一次性用品游人止步1.2 ReviewTranslate the following sentences with attributives into Chinese.I saw a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.译文：英语中的多定语，在汉语中常译为主谓短语或动宾短语I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.译文：（在定语从句前拆译）长的定语从句一般会在汉译时拆译法parison and Translation of Attributives2.1 Comparison一件重要的事情En: 定语位置灵活，可前，可后Ch: 定语位置固定，在被修辞词语之前2.2.1前置adj.2.2.2 后置single adj., adjectives in pairs prep. Phr.the infinitive phrase participles(doing, done) attributive clause2.2.1 翻译为前置定语汉语的名词、形容词、代词或数量词作定语，常常可翻译成前置定语。
Example：他是一位中国现代优秀作家。
译文：汉语中多个定语修辞中心词时，越能说明事物本质的定语离中心词越远，即放在最前面；说明规模程度的次往往紧挨中心词。
英语情况恰恰相反。
限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。
定语从句的翻译
翻译此类定语从句应该用溶合法，即将主句和从 句溶合在一起翻译。例如： It is a good machine that can work without power. 再好的机器也要有动力才能开动。
It is a long lane that has no turning. 再长的巷子也会有转弯的。
1、译成“这”字句
有时，关系代词并不仅仅只是指代先行词，它还指代 前面整个句子的内容。这时，我们一般将其译成“这” 或“这一点” He admired Mrs. Brown, which surprises me most. 他钦佩布朗太太，这使我大为惊讶。 She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
常用的定语从句的翻译方法
一、合译法
合译法通常用于句式较短的情况，主要以 限制性定语从句为主。 在英译汉时，一般将其译成“的”字结构， 有时也将定语部分译成谓语、兼语句的一 部分或带有“这”字句的简单句。
1.译成定语“的”字结构
最为常见，将定语部分放在被修饰名词的前面 He is not the one who will give up easily. 他不是一个轻易服输的人。
3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子 是杰克盖的。
定语从句翻译练习
定语从句翻译练习1.这就是救了孩子生命的医生自：思路：这就是医生（救了孩子生命的）自翻:This is the doctor who saved kid’s life（who做主语不可省）2.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生自：思路：她就是新学生（我要介绍给你的）自翻：She is the new student (who) I will introduce to you.（做宾语可省）3.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
自：思路：请递给我那本书（摆在桌上的）自翻:Please give me the book (which /that) on the desk ??????wrong订:Please give me the book which is lying on the desk （做主语不可省）4.汤姆买的小说很有意思。
自：思路：小说（汤姆买的）很有意思自翻：The novel( that/which)Tom bought is very interesting （做宾语可省）5.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？自：思路：你能把那本杂志借给我吗（昨天谈到的）自翻：Can you borrow me that magazine (that/which)we talked about yesterday?Answer:This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life . 这就是救了孩子生命的医生She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you . 她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的小说很有意思。
定语从句翻译
• 这是最为常见的一种英译汉的方式，翻译成中 文时，将定语部分放在被修饰名词的前面。
• 例1：He is not the one who will give up easily. 译文：他不是一个轻易服输的人。
• 例2：Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 译文：我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。
3．译成相对独立的小分句
• 有些定语从句在修饰关系上与先行词之间关系显得较 为疏远，这时，我们通常会将定语从句译成独立的句 子。
• 例1: One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 译文：有一次暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度实在是我平生所 鲜见的。这场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。
2．不翻译关系代词或关系副词
• 有些定语从句表面上是非限制性定语从句，但在意义上却已经和 主句融为了一体。在翻译时，应该将引导定语从句的关系词省略， 从而使句子的意思显得更为连贯。
• 例1: After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 译文：晚饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
• 二、分译法：
• 分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法， 主要用于较长的非限制性定语从句里。采用这 种方法可避免句子的冗长和累赘。这种方法一 般采用主句在前，从句在后的翻译形式，将句 子翻译成两个相对独立的小分句。
Unit-15-英语定语从句的翻译
二、后置法/切分法： 把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列 分句。英语的定语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译 在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而 无法叙述清楚。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词 后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。
（一）重复先行词。 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成 分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重 复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹， 而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句 两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先 行词后面。限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的 区别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为 修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意 义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不 起十分重要的作用。英语中多用结构复杂的定语从 句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定 语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。如果英 语的定语从句太长，无论是限制性的或非限制性的， 都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方法处理。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.
定语从句翻译
定语从句翻译定语从句是修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的从句，用来进一步说明或限定这个名词或代词。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
定语从句的翻译需要根据上下文和语境来确定正确的意思，并根据语法规则将其翻译成符合目标语言的结构。
以下是一些定语从句的翻译例子：1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
3. The house where she grew up is no longer standing.她长大的那所房子已经不存在了。
4. This is the man whose car was stolen last night.这是昨晚车被偷的那个人。
5. Do you remember the day when we first met?你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？6. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.我有一个父亲是医生的朋友。
7. The movie that we watched last night was really good.我们昨晚看的那部电影真的很好。
8. The company where he works is located in the city center.他工作的那家公司位于市中心。
9. This is the restaurant that serves the best sushi in town.这是城里服务最好的寿司餐厅。
10. She has a dog which is very friendly.她有一只非常友好的狗。
这些例子展示了不同类型的定语从句的翻译。
考研英语语法 定语从句详解附译文
考研英语语法定语从句详解附译文定语从句是中国人学英语最重要的难点之一。
其实定语从句很有规律，总结如下：在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限定性定语从句中，用that一般不会出问题。
关系副词的用法比较单一，它们从句中只起状语的作用，表示时间的就用who，表示地点的就用where，而why只修饰一个词，即reason。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
•关系代词：who，which，that作从句的主语whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略)whose从句中作定语以下情况只能用that，不能用which:i.先行词为不定代词all, little, none，any，every，no，much, anything, nothingii. 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)iii.先行词既有人又有物的时候以下情况只能用which，不能用that;①引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)②介词+关系代词的结构中•关系副词：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，只修饰reason。
如果用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分，定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。
要把其中一个句子变成定语从句，就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替; 代替时，先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分。
指人并作主语的，就用who。
或that; 指人并作宾语的，就用whom或that; 指人并作定语的，就用whose。
指物并作主语的，就用which或that; 指物并作宾语的，还是用which或that; 指物并作定语的，就用whose或of which。
定语从句的译法
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句两种，两类定语从句在翻译⽅法上基本类似，因此我们把它们放在⼀起介绍。
在翻译定语从句时，我们经常采⽤下列的翻译⽅法：⼀、前置法把英语原⽂的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组，放置于被修饰的词之前，将英语原⽂的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句，这种⽅法⼀般⽤于限制性定语从句⽐较短的情况。
⼀些较短的具有描述性的⾮限制性定语从句也可采⽤前置法，但没有限制性定语从句使⽤得普遍。
例如：例1.For example， one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that itsupports the image we have of ourselves， and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold.例如，友谊的⼀个作⽤似乎是⽀持我们在⾃⼰⼼⽬中的形象，并使我们持有的价值观念更加坚定。
例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared， if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.（92年考题）如果要从智⼒⽅⾯进⾏任何⽐较的话，那么对所有被⽐较者来说，前两个因素必须是⼀样的。
例3.The first method is to give a synonym， a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define： face for countenance， nervousness for anxiety.第⼀种⽅法是同义词法，即给出⼀个与 要释义的词在意义上⼏乎相同的，如⽤face表⽰countenance，⽤nervousness表⽰anxiety.例4.Behaviourists， in contrast， say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. （90年考题）相反，⾏为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于⿊⼈常常被剥夺了⽩⼈在教育及其他外界环境⽅⾯所享有的许多有利条件⽽造成的。
英语定语从句的汉译
英语定语从句的汉译英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系，其差别很大，翻译起来有诸多困难，英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。
由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛，因此，我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律，从而很好地解决它。
一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。
如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。
关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。
（一）定语词组①I have but one lamp by which my feed are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。
②It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river.火车站广大的场地，河里鳞次梯比的船只，她也同样不能理解。
③Before following her in her round of seeking,let us look at the sphare in which her future was to lie.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈，先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。
④…and the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken ……而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝，不得不就此断绝了。
翻译这类从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修饰项之前。
当然，也可视其情况不用“的”字，如①和②。
这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句（二）并列从句1）省略英语的先行项①The lungs are subjecd to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的侵袭，但均可经手术治疗。
定语从句的翻译
个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这 个中国人所珍爱的，在过去， 个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。
A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质， 燃料是一种物质，在适当的温度下能够燃烧并放
（1）重复关系词所指代的含义 ） .He is with his youngest brother, who is accompanying him on his tour in China. 他和他的小弟弟在一起。他的小弟弟正陪同他 在中国旅游 I have to book ahead for concerts, which are usually held in London. 我得预购音乐会的票。这些音乐会通常在伦敦 举行
There is no habit so old that may not be cured by a strong willpower. 只要有坚强的毅力，没有什么改不了的旧习 惯。 (2）句子的状语较短，而修饰宾语的定语从句较 ）句子的状语较短， 长 I put the books in the cupboard which you read yesterday. 我把你昨天读过的那些书放在橱柜里了 （3）先行词是主句的主语，而主句的谓语较短， ）先行词是主句的主语，而主句的谓语较短， 为了句子平衡而把定语从句放在主句谓g for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力， 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每
定语从句翻译
定语从句翻译1.那些在困境中的人应该得到我们的帮助。
(deserve)Those who are in trouble deserve our help.2.智商高的人未必情商高。
(necessarily)Those who have high IQ don’t necessarily have high EQ.3.只有勇敢面对挑战的人才有可能成功。
(only those)Only those who face the challenges bravely are likely to succeed.4.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。
(… it …)I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.5.住惯了大城市的人均会喜欢住在没有噪音和人群的小镇上。
(free of)Those who are used to living in the city will all like to live in a small town free of noise and crowds.6.想报名参加课外辅导中学的学生，年龄必须在10-15岁之间。
(range)Those who want to enroll in the tutorial center must range in age from 10 to 15 years old.7.我觉得这本简易读物对学过两，三年的英语的人是很合适的。
(suitable)I find this simplified English book (is) suitable for those who have learned English for two or three years.8.人们普遍认为，不善于学习者就难以与时俱进。
(pace)It is generally believed that those who are not good at studies can hardly keep up with the pace of the time. 9.在日常生活中,我们不要与言而无信的人打交道。
英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
定语从句翻译
•汤姆买的小说很有意思。 •你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？ 那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.
Can you lend me the magazine which you talked about yesterday?
They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remember in the school.
I’ll tell you all(that )I know about it .
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams The professor, the daughter of whom teaches you English, is Dr. Williams.
•那辆坏了轮胎的自行车现在已经修好了。 •正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。 •我想看那些刚上映的电影。 The bike whose tyre was damaged has now been repaired. =The bike the tyre of which was damaged has now been repaired
I still remember the days_w__h_e_n___ we stayed together. I still remember the days _th__a_t/_w_h_i_c_hw// e spent together.
定语从句英语翻译
定语从句英语翻译导语：一般对于定语从句主要有四类翻译难点。
下面是由店铺为你整理的定语从句英语翻译，欢迎大家阅读。
1、前置法把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面，常常用“的”来连接。
(定语从句较短，结构简单)He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们正努力探索的新世界。
2、后置法把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句，关系词可以翻译为先行词或者与先行词相对应的代词。
英语的`英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
3、状译法有些定语从句，在逻辑上与主句有状语关系，表示原因、条件、结果、让步等，译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系，翻译为状语从句。
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.他坚持再买一幢房子，尽管他用不着。
4、融合法前三种翻译方法在考研英语翻译中会经常使用，而最后一种方法-融合法不太常用，仅供大家了解。
把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，其中定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。
高中英语定语从句翻译练习
高中英语定语从句翻译练习定语从句是英语中一种重要的句子结构，用来修饰名词或代词。
在高中英语研究中，定语从句的正确使用和翻译是学生需要掌握的重要内容之一。
下面是一些定语从句翻译练的例句，通过练可以加深对定语从句的理解和熟练应用。
1. The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
3. The movie which won the award last night is ___.昨晚获奖的那部电影值得一看。
4. The car whose owner is my neighbor is for sale.那辆车的主人是我邻居，正在出售。
5. The house where they used to live is now a hotel.他们曾经住过的那所房子现在是一家酒店。
6. The person whom I met at the party is a ___.我在聚会上遇到的那个人是一位著名演员。
7. ___ she is ___.她今晚穿的那条裙子看起来很漂亮。
被盗的那台电脑已经被警察找回了。
练题目中的定语从句使用了不同的关系代词（that, who, which, whose, where, whom）来引导从句，翻译时需根据具体语境选择合适的译法。
此外，需要注意从句的位置和修饰的对象。
通过积累和练习，我们可以逐渐掌握定语从句的翻译技巧，并在写作和阅读中更加灵活地运用定语从句来丰富语言表达。
13定语从句的翻译
He said that this was a good suggestion, which he would look into. 他说这是个很好的建议， 一定要加以研 究。（省略先行词， 译成并列句） Toward evening, we stopped at an inn, where we passed the night. 傍晚， 我们停留在一家旅馆， 在那里过 了夜。
“We are a nation that must beg to stay alive, ” said a foreign economist. 一位外国经济学家说道， “我们 这个国家一天不讨饭就活不下去。”
4 译成状语从句
Our teacher, who is getting old, will soon retire. (cause) 我们的老师， 越来越老， 不久就要 退休了。 Envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position. (purpose) 派了使节， 以便加强我们的国际地位。
All the while, George Bush, who was ultimately to benefit from the try that failed, sat silently by, a nearly forgotten spectator. 在此期间，George Bush一言不发地坐在一边， 几乎成了一个被遗忘的旁观者， 然而他将最终从 一场失败的试探中获得好处。（译成转折并列句， 与主句形成对比） He passes in the middle of the garden, exercising his fingers, which are slightly numbed by her greeting. (cause) 他走到圆子当中， 活动活动手指头， 因为被她 刚才一捏有点发麻。
英语定语从句的翻译（原创）
定语从句的翻译一、前置法二、省略法三、重复法四、融合法五、定语状语转换法一、前置法1. The fine would serve as a warning toother motorists who drove without due care.罚款对于驾车不够小心的司机可以起到警告作用。
2. The era of globalization has begun withnew communication and informationtechnologies, and capital could flow freely to those regions, industries and companies that promise the bestreturns.随着通信和信息技术的发展，全球化时代已经到来，资本可以自由地流向有望获得最大收益的地区、产业和公司。
二、省略法3. One of the features of London is thenumber of big stores, most of which are to be found in or near the West End.伦敦的一大特色是大商店多，大多数位于西区及周边地区。
4. Like the press in most other countries,American newspapers range from thesensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis ofworld events.美国报纸和其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊，聚焦实事新闻，分析国际时事。
5. Scientists have been devoted todeveloping high-yield rice varieties that sparked the green revolution in the 1970s.科学家致力于开发高产水稻品种，从而引发了20世纪70年代的绿色革命。
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英语定语从句的翻译
一、定语从句的翻译
（一）前置法
1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.
没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
（二）后置法
A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词
1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.
每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。
B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语
3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.
C．把关系代词译成人称代词
5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.
6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”
7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.
8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.
（三）融合法
1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.
有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
2）There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.
那个群体里有很多男人，那些男人每天都站在那儿已经一个月了。
（四）成状语从句
1）In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which ell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.（目的状语）
2）He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.（原因状语）
3）For many machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated. （条件状语）
4）他要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
（让步状语）
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
5）这个方案富有创意，别出心裁，又有魄力，所以令他们都很满意。
（原因状语）
练习：Translate the following sentences into English.
1. My uncle, who will be seventy tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman.
2. Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't say to his face.
3. Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.
答案：
1．尽管我大伯明天就满70岁了，但他仍然热衷于运动。
2．当面不愿说的话，千万不要在背后说。
3．中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国，与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定。
二．同位语从句的翻译：
同位语从句的翻译方法主要有三种：
（1）把同位语从句译成先行词的定语；如：
The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.
他打算来的消息使我们非常高兴。
We've lost our faith in the idea that we can all get ahead in life through hard work.
（2）省略先行词或将先行词译成动词，而对于同位语从句，可视情况单独译为一句或不单独成句；如：
I hire a public relations person to publicize the fact that I work from home.
我雇了一名公关人员，向公众宣布，我是在家工作的。
Your assumption, that things will improve, is unfounded.
（3）可加“这”、“这个”、“即”等词将同位语从句译成分句，或使用冒号、破折号等；如：
The hard truth, that they had spent all their money, was a great shock to her.
I insist upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not.
此外，有些特殊的同位语从句以疑问句、祈使句等形式出现，有时用逗号与主句隔开，而没有引导语。
这类同位语从句翻译时往往译成汉语的分句，用冒号与主句隔开。
如：
The question sometimes comes to my mind, "Was it worth the effort?"
I should like to say to you one important thing. Go slowly in this matter.
另外，有时同位语从句前面还有同位指示词，如：as, namely, that is, such as 等用以指明同位语从句与中心句的关系。
一般可按顺序直译。
如：
She gave me a great deal of miscellaneous information, as that William's real name was Mr. Hicking.
Many questions —such as how the guests should be seated —remained unanswered.
Americans are far more race-conscious than they are class-conscious.。