Entangling capacity of global phases and implications for Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm

自然资源资产保值增值视角下超特大城市中心区生态空间保护利用的规划策略研究——以广州海珠国家湿地公园为

52 | 规划实践*基金项目：中国国土勘测规划院项目“国土空间用途管制配套政策与管理机制研究”；广州市规划和自然资源局项目“基于‘三调’的广州市自然资源资产评估研究与典型区域应用示范”资助。

A Study on the Planning Strategy on the Protection and Utilization of Ecological Space in Megacity Center from the Perspective of Preservation and Appreciation of Natural Resources Assets: A Case Study of Guangzhou Haizhu National W etland Park自然资源资产保值增值视角下超特大城市中心区生态空间保护利用的规划策略研究*——以广州海珠国家湿地公园为例刘涛姚江春朱江黄慧明 LIU Tao, YAO Jiangchun, ZHU Jiang, HUANG Huiming从自然资源资产保值增值的视角出发，坚持问题导向和目标导向，依据自然资源资产核算结果呈现的特征和存在的问题，对标国内外先进地区的相关案例，以实现自然资源资产保值增值为目标，从自然资源数量、质量和空间3个维度，提出促进超特大城市中心区生态空间保护利用的规划策略。

一是要结合超特大城市中心区生态空间内自然资源的主导特征，提高主导自然资源的数量；二是要提高自然资源的质量等级；三是要优化生态空间保护利用分区，对自然资源资产价值高的地区做好生态保育，对价值低的地区开展生态修复工作，并提高生态空间内的设施配套水平和景观环境品质。

最后以广州海珠国家湿地公园为例进行实证研究。

Taking account of the perspective of natural resources assets preservation and appreciation, problem orientation and goalorientation, the paper analyzes the characteristics and existing problems of the accounting results of natural resource assets, benchmarking relevant cases at home and abroad. The paper puts forward some planning suggestions to promote protection and utilization of the ecological space from the perspectives of the quantity, quality and space of natural resources. The first is to consider the leading characteristics of natural resources in the ecological space of megacity centers to improve the quantity of leading natural resources. The second is to improve the quality level of natural resources. The third is to optimize the protection and utilization zones of ecological space, carrying out ecological conservation in areas of high-value natural resource assets and ecological restoration in low-value areas, and improve the supporting level of facilities and environmental landscape quality of ecological space. Finally, the paper takes Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park as an empirical case study.自然资源资产保值增值；生态空间保护利用；超特大城市中心区；广州海珠国家湿地公园preservation and appreciation of natural resources assets; protection and utilization of ecological space; megacity center;Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park文章编号 1673-8985（2022）05-0052-08 中图分类号 TU984 文献标志码 A DOI 10.11982/j.supr.20220509摘要Abstract 关键词Key words 作者简介刘涛广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院主创规划师姚江春广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院所总工程师朱江广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院所长，教授级高级工程师，博士研究生黄慧明（通信作者）广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院总规划师，教授级高级工程师*********************.cn0 引言党的十九大以来，我国社会的主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，人民群众对优美生态环境的需要已经成为这一矛盾的重要方面。

Unit6 carrying capacity 课文加翻译

Unit6 carrying capacity：earth’s bottom lineIt takes no stretch of the imagination to see that thehuman species is now an agent of change of geologicproportions. We literally move mountains to mine theearth’s minerals, redirect rivers to build cities in thedesert, torch forests to make way for crops and cattle,and alter the chemistry of the atmosphere in disposing of our wastes. At humanity’s hand, the earth isundergoing a profound transformation-one withconsequences we cannot fully grasp.没有一点点想象明白人类带来地理比例的变化,我们移山开采地球的矿物质,重定向的河流在沙漠中建造城市,为了农作物和畜牧烧森林来让路,并改变大气的化学处理的废物。

对于人类,地球正在经历一个深远的改变-这一结果我们不能完全控制.It may be the ultimate irony that, in our efforts tomake the earth yield more for ourselves, we arediminishing its ability to sustain lifeof all kinds,humans included. Signs of environmental constraintsare now pervasive. Cropland is scarcely expandingany more, and a good portion of existing agriculturalland is losing fertility. Grasslands have been overgrazed and fisheries overharvested, limiting theamount of additional food from these sources. Waterbodies have suffered extensive depletion and pollution, severely restricting future food production andurban expansion. And natural forests-which helpstabilize the climate, moderate water supplies, and harbor a majority of the planet’s terrestrial biodiversity-continue to recede.它可能是最终的讽刺,在我们努力使地球产量更多,我们正在消弱其维持生命的能力。

学术英语原文2单元

Unit 2 Energy in TransitionThe era of cheap and convenient sources of energy is coming to an end.A transition to more expensive but less polluting sources must now be managed.John P. HoldrenUnderstanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production.But the costs of energy －including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts －detract from well-being.For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy －well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or (more often) of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience, deprivation and co nstraints on growth. The 1970’s, then, represented a turning point. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs －and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status －energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be plausible that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think thatexpanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.The crucial q uestion at the beginning of the 1990’s is whether the trend that began in the 1970’s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale ofenergy demand brought forth by 100 years of unprecedented population growth, coupled with an equally remarkable growth in per capita demand of industrial energy forms. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuelwood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensivetransformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s needs. None has very good prospects for delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.The capacity of the environment to absorb the effluents and other impacts of energy technologies is itself a finite resource. The finitude is manifested in two basic types of environmental costs. External costs are those imposed by environmental disruptions on society but not reflected in the monetary accounts of the buyers and sellers of the energy. “Internalized costs” are increases in monetary costs imposed by measures, such as pollution-control devices, aimed at reducing the external costs.Both types of environmental costs have been rising for several reasons. First, the declining quality of fuel deposits and energy-conversion sites to which society must now turn means more material must be moved or processed, bigger facilities must be constructed and longer distances must be traversed. Second, the growing magnitude of effluents from energy systems has led to saturation of the environment’s capacity to absorb such effluents without disruption. Third, the monetary costs of controlling pollution tend to increase with the percentage of pollutants removed.Despite these expenditures, the remaining uninternalized environmental costs have been substantial and in many cases are growing.Those of greatest concern are the risk of death or disease as a result of emissions or accidents at energy facilities and the impact of energy supplied on the global ecosystem and on international relations.The impacts of energy technologies on public health and safety are difficult to pin down with much confidence. In the case of air pollution from fossil fuels, in which the dominant threat to public health is thought to be particulates formed from sulfur dioxide emissions, a consensus on the number of deaths caused by exposure has proved impossible. Widely differing estimates result from different assumptions about fuel compositions, air pollution control technology, power-plant sitting in relation to population distribution, meteorological conditions affecting sulfate formation, and, above all, the relation between sulfate concentrations and disease.Large uncertainties also apply to the health and safety impacts of nuclear fission. In this case, differing estimates result in part from differences among sites and reactor types, in part from uncertainties about emissions from fuel-cycle steps that are not yet fully operational (especially fuel reprocessing and management of uranium-mill tailings) and in part from different assumptions about the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation. The biggest uncertainties, however, relate to the probabilities and consequences of large accidents at reactors, at reprocessing plants and in the transport of wastes.Altogether, the ranges of estimated hazards to public health from both coal-fired and nuclear-power plants are so wide as to extend from negligible to substantial in comparison with other risks to the population. There is little basis, in these ranges, for preferring one of these energy sources over the other. For both, the very size of the uncertainty is itself a significant liability.Often neglected, but no less important, is the public health menace from traditional fuels widely used for cooking and water heating in the developing world. Perhaps 80 percent of global exposure to particulate air pollution occurs indoors in developing countries, where the smoke from primitive stoves is heavily laden with dangerous hydrocarbons. A disproportionate share of this burden is borne, moreover, by women (who do the cooking) and small children (who indoors with their mothers).The ecological threats posed by energy supply are even harder to quantify than the threats to human health and safety from effluents and accidents. Nevertheless, enough is known to suggest they portend even larger damage to human well-being. This damage potential arises from the combination of two circumstances.First, civilization depends heavily on services provided by ecological and geophysical processes such as building and fertilizing soil, regulating water supply, controlling pests and pathogens, and maintaining a tolerable climate; yet it lacks the knowledge and the resources to replace nature’sservices with technology. Second, human activities are now clearly capable of disrupting globally the processes that provide these services. Energy supply, both industrial and traditional, is responsible for a striking share of the environmental impacts of human activity. The environmental transition of the past 100 years －driven above all by a 20-fold increase in fossil-fuel use and augmented by a tripling in the use of traditional energy forms －has amounted to no less than the emergence of civilization as a global ecological and geochemical force.Of all environmental problems, the most threatening, and in many respects the most intractable, is global climate change. And the greenhouse gases most responsible for the danger of rapid climate change come largely from human endeavors too massive, widespread and central to the functioning of our societies to be easily altered: carbon dioxide (CO2) from deforestation and the combustion of fossil fuels; methane from rice paddies, cattle gusts and the exploitation of oil and natural gas; and nitrous oxides from fuel combustions and fertilizer use.The only other external cost that might match the devastating impact of global climate change is the risk of causing or aggravating large-scale military conflict. One such threat is the potential for conflict over access to petroleum resources. Another threat is the link between nuclear energy and the spread of nuclear weapons. The issue is hardly less complex and controversial than the link between CO2 and climate; many analysts,including me, think it is threatening indeed.能源资源价格低廉、使用便捷的时代已经过去了，目前应向尽管价格较高、但污染较小的资源转变。

材料科学与工程基础(英文)_南京航空航天大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

材料科学与工程基础（英文）_南京航空航天大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.The driving force for steady-state diffusion is the __________.答案:concentration gradient2.Diffusion coefficient is with the increasing diffusion temperature.答案:exponentially increased;3.Due to , alloys are usually than pure metals of the solvent.答案:solid solution strengthening, stronger;4.The finer the grains, the larger the , and .答案:strength, hardness, toughness;5.With plastic deformation,the increase of dislocationdensity will result in .答案:higher strength;6.In general, Brinell Hardness test is to measure thematerial’s hardness.答案:relatively softer7.Yield strength is corresponding to the occurrenceof deformation.答案:noticeable plastic8.Strain Hardening is also named as .答案:work hardening9.Vacancy diffusion is usually interstitial one.答案:slower than10.Edge and screw dislocations differ in what way?答案:angle between Burgers vector and line direction.11. A ____ may form when impurity atoms are added to a solid, in which case theoriginal crystal structure is retained and no new phases are formed.答案:solid solution12.One explanation for why graphite powder acts so well as a “solid lubricant”is .答案:carbon atoms in graphite are covalently bonded within planar layers but have weaker secondary bonds between layers13.Substitutional atom (impurity) is an example of ______.答案:point defect14.Interstitial solid solution belongs to .答案:finite solid solution;15.The atomic packing factor for FCC is .答案:0.7416.The coordination number of BCC crystal structure is .答案:817.The crystal structure of Cu is ?答案:FCC18.How many atoms does the face centered cubic unit cell contain?答案:Four19.If the electron configuration of Fe is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2, then theelectron configurations for the Fe3+ is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 _____.答案:3p6 3d520.Bonds in most metals are referred to as ______.答案:Non-directional21.Covalent bonding occurs as a result of _________ sharing.答案:electron22.Which of the following is NOT an example of primary bonding?答案:Van der Waals23.Atomic weight (A) of an element corresponds to the weighted average of theatomic masses of the atom’s naturally occurring ___________.答案:isotopes24.The point on a phase diagram where the maximum number of allowablephases are in equilibrium is .答案:eutectic point25.Sterling silver (92.5%Ag/7.5%Cu) is an example of ___________.答案:Solid solution26.Engineering stress-strain curve and true stress-strain curve are equal up to .答案:Yeild point27.Among thefollowingtypical transformations of austenite in steels,____________transformation is diffusionless.答案:martensitic28.The heat-treatable aluminum alloy can be strengthened by .答案:Both of above29.In the as-quenched state, martensite is very hard and so brittle that a heattreatment known as must be accomplished sequently.答案:tempering30.During heat treatment of steel, austenite transforms into martensite by .答案:quenching31.Which of the following plane has the highest planar density for fcc.答案:(111)32.Which of the following describes recrystallization?答案:Diffusion dependent with no change in phase composition33.Heating the cold-worked metal progresses in three stages: .答案:recovery, recrystallization, grain growth;34.Strength is increased by making dislocation motion .答案:difficult35.The boundary above which only liquid phase exist is called _________.答案:liquidus36.We have an annealed carbon steel which has hardness of 150HBS. Supposewe know the hardness of Pearlite is 200HBS and the hardness of Ferrite is 80HBS, determine the carbon amount of this steel.答案:0.45%37.The maximum solubility of C in γ-austenite - solid solution is .答案:2.1438.In a plain steel that contains 0.2 percentage carbon, we should expect: .答案:a 25% pearlite and 75% pro-eutectoid ferrite39. A copper-nickel alloy is high-temperature heat treated; the diffusion of Cuinto Ni and Ni into Cu regions is referred to as _____________________.答案:Inter-diffusion40.The phase diagram of Sn-Pb alloy is called .答案:Eutectic phase diagram。

世界在不断发展的英语作文

The world is in a constant state of flux,evolving and developing in ways that can be both exciting and challenging.This dynamic nature of our global society is a central theme in many discussions,and it is important to consider the various aspects that contribute to this ongoing development.Technological Advancements:One of the most significant factors driving the worlds development is technology.The rapid pace of innovation has led to breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, renewable energy,and biotechnology.These advancements have the potential to transform industries,improve healthcare,and address environmental challenges.Economic Growth:Economic development is another key aspect of the worlds progress.Emerging economies are playing an increasingly important role in the global market,while established economies continue to innovate and adapt.The interconnectivity of the worlds financial systems means that economic growth in one region can have a ripple effect across the globe.Cultural Exchange:As people from different cultures interact more frequently,there is a growing exchange of ideas,values,and traditions.This cultural diversity enriches societies and fosters creativity,but it also presents challenges in terms of maintaining social cohesion and addressing cultural misunderstandings.Environmental Concerns:The worlds development is not without its challenges,and one of the most pressing issues is the impact on the environment.Climate change,deforestation,and pollution are just a few of the environmental concerns that are closely tied to the way the world is developing.Sustainable development is becoming a priority as societies strive to balance economic growth with environmental protection.Social Progress:Social issues such as poverty,inequality,and access to education are also critical components of the worlds development.As societies evolve,there is a growing emphasis on addressing these issues to ensure that progress is inclusive and benefits all members of society.Global Cooperation:In an increasingly interconnected world,cooperation between nations is essential for tackling global challenges.International organizations,treaties,and agreements play acrucial role in facilitating this cooperation and ensuring that the worlds development is not only sustainable but also equitable.The Role of Education:Education is a fundamental driver of development.It empowers individuals,fosters innovation,and is key to addressing many of the worlds most pressing issues.As the world continues to develop,the importance of access to quality education for all cannot be overstated.The Future Outlook:Looking ahead,the worlds development will likely be characterized by a blend of challenges and opportunities.As we navigate this complex landscape,it is essential to remain adaptable,innovative,and committed to sustainable and inclusive progress.In conclusion,the worlds ongoing development is a multifaceted process that encompasses technological innovation,economic growth,cultural exchange, environmental stewardship,social progress,global cooperation,and education.As we continue to evolve,it is crucial to approach these developments with a sense of responsibility and a commitment to creating a better future for all.。

外研社英语大赛有哪些作文

外研社英语大赛有哪些作文外研社英语大赛的作文题目多种多样，涵盖了各种不同的主题和领域。

以下是一些可能出现的作文题目示例：1. Environmental Protection（环境保护）：Write an essay discussing the importance of environmental protection in today's world. Include examples of environmental challenges we face and propose solutions to address them.2. Technology and Society（科技与社会）：Discuss the impact of technology on society. How has technology changed the way we communicate, work, and live? What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of technological advancements?3. Globalization（全球化）：Analyze the effects of globalization on culture, economy, and politics. How has globalization influenced international relations and interconnectedness among nations? Discuss both positive and negative aspects of globalization.4. Education System（教育体系）：Reflect on the current education system in your country. What are its strengths and weaknesses? Propose reforms or improvements that could enhance the quality of education and better prepare students for the future.5. Youth and Social Responsibility（青年与社会责任）：Explore the role of youth in addressing social issues and promoting positive change. How can young people contribute to building a better society? Discuss the importance of youth activism and civic engagement.6. Cultural Diversity（文化多样性）：Reflect on the value of cultural diversity intoday's globalized world. How does cultural diversity enrich societies and foster understanding among people from different backgrounds? Discuss ways to promote and celebrate cultural diversity.7. Health and Well-being（健康与幸福）：Examine the factors that contribute to health and well-being. What are the physical, mental, and social aspects of leading a healthy life? Discuss strategies for promoting holistic well-being in individuals and communities.8. Future of Work（工作的未来）：Consider the evolving nature of work in the 21st century. How are technological advancements, automation, and globalization shaping the future of work? Discuss the skills and qualities needed to thrive in the changing labor market.这些是一些常见的作文题目示例，希望能够帮助你准备外研社英语大赛。

英语作文国家民族

When discussing the topic of Nationality and Ethnicity in an English essay,its important to approach the subject with sensitivity and respect for the diversity of cultures and peoples.Heres a structured outline that you can use to write an essay on this topic:Title:The Significance of Nationality and Ethnicity in Todays WorldIntroduction:Begin with a general statement about the importance of understanding nationality and ethnicity.Introduce the concept of how these terms are often intertwined with a persons identity and cultural background.State the purpose of the essay,which is to explore the role of nationality and ethnicity in shaping individual and collective experiences.Body Paragraph1:Definition and DistinctionDefine nationality as a legal status that denotes a persons membership in a particular country.Define ethnicity as a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry,language,culture,or history.Discuss the differences between the two,highlighting how nationality is often associated with citizenship and legal rights,while ethnicity is more about cultural and social identity.Body Paragraph2:The Role of NationalityExplain how nationality can influence a persons rights and responsibilities within a country.Discuss the impact of nationality on access to education,healthcare,and other social services.Consider the role of nationality in international relations and how it can affect a persons ability to travel or work abroad.Body Paragraph3:The Influence of EthnicityExplore how ethnicity can shape a persons cultural practices,language,and social interactions.Discuss the importance of ethnic identity in fostering a sense of belonging and community.Consider the challenges that can arise from ethnic diversity,such as discrimination and prejudice,and how societies can work to overcome these issues.Body Paragraph4:The Intersection of Nationality and EthnicityDiscuss how nationality and ethnicity can intersect,creating a complex identity that isboth legal and cultural.Provide examples of how individuals may navigate their dual identities in different social contexts.Consider the potential for conflict or harmony between national and ethnic identities,and how this can play out in society.Body Paragraph5:The Importance of Recognizing and Celebrating Diversity Emphasize the value of recognizing and celebrating the diversity that arises from different nationalities and ethnicities.Discuss the benefits of multicultural societies,such as increased creativity,tolerance, and understanding.Consider the role of education and media in promoting awareness and appreciation of different cultures and nationalities.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of the essay,reiterating the significance of nationality and ethnicity in shaping individual and collective identities.Conclude with a call to action or a reflection on the importance of fostering a global community that respects and values the diversity of its members.Word of Caution:Ensure that your essay is respectful and avoids stereotypes or generalizations about any nationality or ethnicity.Use reliable sources to support your points and provide examples that are accurate and representative of the diversity within each group.By following this outline,you can create a comprehensive and thoughtful essay that explores the complex relationship between nationality and ethnicity.。

我国沿海地区应对气候变化的空间管控方法研究

我国沿海地区应对气候变化的空间管控方法研究□　王丽丽，魏正波，徐一剑，代吉鹏[摘　要]在全球变暖的大背景下，沿海地区是气候变化的高风险和高脆弱区，而空间管控是沿海地区应对气候变化的最直接手段。

文章基于国家向海发展大趋势及应对气候变化引起的海洋灾害的重要性和紧迫性，借鉴国内外沿海国家和地区应对气候变化的海岸带空间管控经验，提出3种应对气候变化的沿海空间管控方法，即围填海管控、海岸带空间分区管控和海岸带空间划线管控，并提出划定目的、影响因素、划定方法和管控要求。

最后，针对沿海市县海岸带地区的空间管控规划提出建议，以期为气候变化背景下的沿海地区空间管控规划提供借鉴。

[关键词]气候变化；沿海地区；空间管控方法[文章编号]1006-0022(2021)04-0011-06　[中图分类号]TU984.18　[文献标识码]A[引文格式]王丽丽，魏正波，徐一剑，等．我国沿海地区应对气候变化的空间管控方法研究[J]．规划师，2021(4)：11-16．Spatial Control of Coastal Area in Response to Climate Change/Wang Lili, Wei Zhengbo, Xu Yijian, Dai Jipeng[Abstract] Coastal area is subjected to the risk of climate change and global warming. Spatial control is a major approach ofcoastal area to deal with climate change. With an assessment of the marine disaster caused by climate change and the national requirement of marine development, the paper puts forwards three approaches of spatial control based on domestic and overseas experience: reclamation governance, coastal zoning governance, and coastal spatial delimitation governance, and explains the purpose, influencing factors, delimitation methods, and requirements of governance. It finally puts forwards suggestions for coastal region spatial control planning .[Key words] Climate change, Coastal area, Spatial control method平均水平。

人类移民外太空作文英语

The concept of human colonization of outer space has been a topic of fascination and speculation for decades.As our understanding of the universe expands and our technology advances,the possibility of establishing human settlements beyond Earth becomes increasingly plausible.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the idea of human migration to outer space:1.Technological Advancements:The development of space travel technology is crucial for human colonization.We need to create reliable and efficient spacecraft capable of sustaining longduration space travel and life support systems that can maintain human health in space.2.Space Infrastructure:Establishing a presence in space requires the construction of habitats,power generation systems,and other infrastructure.This could include space stations,lunar bases,or even Mars colonies.3.Life Support Systems:Ensuring the survival of humans in space means developing closedloop life support systems that recycle air,water,and waste.These systems must be capable of providing a sustainable environment for longterm habitation.4.Sustainable Food Production:Colonizing space will require the ability to grow food in space.This could involve hydroponics,aeroponics,or other advanced agricultural techniques that do not rely on soil.5.Health and Medical Care:The effects of longterm exposure to space,including microgravity and radiation,pose significant health risks.Medical facilities and treatments must be developed to address these challenges.6.Economic Viability:The cost of space colonization is a significant barrier.Economic models need to be developed that make space travel and habitation financially viable, potentially through resource extraction,tourism,or other industries.7.Legal and Ethical Considerations:As humans move into space,new legal frameworks will be needed to govern activities,property rights,and the treatment of space as a shared resource.8.International Cooperation:Space colonization is likely to require international collaboration and agreements to ensure peaceful and sustainable development.9.Psychological Impact:Living in space can have profound psychological effects on individuals.Mental health support and social structures will be essential for longtermmissions.cation and Training:Preparing for life in space will require extensive education and training programs for astronauts,engineers,and other professionals involved in space colonization.11.Planetary Protection:To prevent contamination of other celestial bodies,strict protocols must be followed to ensure that human activities do not harm potential extraterrestrial ecosystems.12.LongTerm Goals:The ultimate goal of space colonization may be to ensure the survival of humanity in the event of a global catastrophe on Earth,or to explore and expand human knowledge and presence throughout the cosmos.In conclusion,while the idea of human migration to outer space is exciting and holds great potential,it also presents numerous challenges that must be addressed through careful planning,technological innovation,and international collaboration.As we move forward,the dream of living among the stars may one day become a reality.。

想要了解的事物英语作文

想要了解的事物英语作文Things I Yearn to Understand The world is an intricate tapestry woven with threads of knowledge, both known and unknown. While I find myself fascinated by the vast amount of information we’ve accumulated as a species, I am acutely aware of the vast, uncharted territories of understanding that lie before me. There are several key areas that spark a deep curiosity within me, areas I yearn to explore and grasp with greater clarity. Firstly, I am captivated by the complex workings of the human mind. The brain, a three-pound universe contained within our skulls, is a marvel of intricate networks and electrochemical signals that give rise to consciousness, emotion, and behavior. How do neurons fire in symphony to create our perceptions of the world? What are the mechanisms behind memory formation and retrieval? How does our unique blend of genetics and environment shape our personalities and predispositions? Unraveling the mysteries of the mind holds the key to understanding the very essence of what makes us human. The vast universe, with its swirling galaxies, enigmatic black holes, and the tantalizing possibility of life beyond Earth, also ignites my imagination. I long to understand the fundamental laws that govern the cosmos, from the delicate dance of subatomic particles to the majestic movements of celestial bodies. What is the true natureof dark matter and dark energy, the unseen forces shaping the universe's evolution? Are we alone in this vast cosmic expanse, or does life, in all its wondrous forms, exist elsewhere? The pursuit of answers to these questions is a quest to understand our place in the grand scheme of existence. Closer to home, the interconnected web of life on our planet fascinates me. The intricate ecosystems teeming with biodiversity, the delicate balance of predator and prey, theintricate cycles of energy and nutrients - these are all testament to the awe-inspiring power of evolution and adaptation. I yearn to understand the complex interactions within these ecosystems, the delicate balance that sustains them, and the impact of human activities on this delicate web. Understanding these complexities is crucial for our responsible stewardship of the planet and the preservation of its irreplaceable biodiversity. Furthermore, I am drawn to the intricacies of human history and its impact on our present reality. From the rise and fall of civilizations to the struggles for freedom and equality, historyoffers a lens through which we can examine the triumphs and failures of humankind.I crave a deeper understanding of the forces that have shaped our social,political, and economic systems, the ideologies that have fueled conflicts and cooperation, and the enduring legacies of past events. By studying history, wecan learn from our ancestors' mistakes and successes, equipping ourselves to navigate the challenges of the present and build a better future. The ever-evolving world of technology, with its rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and space exploration, also holds a powerful allure.I am driven to understand the principles behind these innovations, their potential to address global challenges, and the ethical implications that accompany them. How can we harness the power of artificial intelligence for the betterment of society while mitigating potential risks? What are the ethical considerations surrounding genetic engineering and its impact on future generations? How can space exploration contribute to scientific advancements and inspire future generations? Exploring these frontiers of technology is essential for shaping a future where innovation serves humanity and the planet. Finally, I yearn to understand the very essence of creativity and its power to inspire, challenge, and transform. From the evocative brushstrokes of a painter to the soaring melodiesof a composer, creativity speaks a universal language that transcends cultural boundaries. What are the cognitive processes that underpin artistic expression? How does creativity foster innovation and problem-solving across disciplines? How can we nurture and cultivate our own creative potential to contribute to the world in meaningful ways? Understanding the nature of creativity is key to unlockingour own potential and enriching the human experience. In conclusion, the pursuit of knowledge is a lifelong journey, an insatiable thirst for understanding that fuels my curiosity and motivates my exploration. From the inner workings of the human mind to the vast expanses of the cosmos, from the intricate web of life on Earth to the enduring legacies of human history, from the frontiers of technology to the power of creative expression - these are the areas I yearn to understand with greater depth and clarity. This quest for knowledge is not merely an academic pursuit but a fundamental aspect of what makes us human - the desire to learn, grow, and contribute to the betterment of ourselves and the world around us.。

人工智能不会取代人类英语作文200

Take the field of medicine, for example. While AI can assist in diagnosis and treatment planning by analyzing medical data, it cannot replace
篇2
AI Will Not Replace Humans
As a student in the 21st century, I've grown up surrounded by rapidly advancing technology, particularly in the realm of artificial intelligence (AI). While the capabilities of AI systems continue to expand at an astonishing rate, there is a growing concern that these intelligent machines might one day replace humans in various roles and jobs. However, I firmly believe that AI will not and cannot entirely replace human intelligence and creativity.
Moreover, emotional intelligence, the capacity to understand and navigate the complex landscape of human emotions, is a vital aspect of interpersonal relationships and decision-making. AI systems, despite their impressive computational power, lack the innate ability to empathize, to read subtle social cues, and to navigate the nuances of human interactions. Professions that rely heavily on emotional intelligence, such as counseling, teaching, and leadership roles, will continue to be dominated by humans.

2024年湖北专升本英语试题

1、What is the primary purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the benefits of online learning.B. To compare traditional classrooms with virtual classrooms.C. To highlight the challenges faced by students in remote areas.D. To analyze the impact of technology on education. (答案：D)2、Which of the following statements about climate change is NOT true?A. It is caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.B. It leads to an increase in global temperatures.C. It has no effect on the frequency of extreme weather events.D. It poses a threat to biodiversity. (答案：C)3、The author mentions "sustainable development" in the context of discussing:A. Economic growth without environmental degradation.B. Rapid industrialization in developing countries.C. The depletion of natural resources.D. The importance of renewable energy sources. (答案：A)4、Which of the following is a strategy for improving time management skills?A. Procrastinating tasks until the last minute.B. Multitasking without prioritization.C. Setting clear goals and deadlines.D. Constantly checking social media for updates. (答案：C)5、What is the main idea of the second paragraph in the article about healthy eating?A. The importance of a balanced diet.B. The dangers of processed foods.C. The benefits of a vegan lifestyle.D. The role of exercise in weight management. (答案：A)6、Which of the following is NOT a common type of business communication?A. EmailsB. MemosC. Social media posts (personal accounts)D. Formal reports (答案：C)7、The term "globalization" refers to:A. The spread of cultural and economic influence worldwide.B. The limitation of trade to local markets.C. The decrease in international cooperation.D. The isolation of nations from global trends. (答案：A)8、Which of these is a key factor in determining the success of a marketing campaign?A. The cost of production.B. Understanding the target audience.C. The number of advertisements placed.D. The use of the latest technology in advertising. (答案：B)9、In the field of psychology, what is meant by "cognitive dissonance"?A. A state of mental confusion caused by conflicting beliefs.B. A lack of emotional response to stimuli.C. The ability to process information quickly.D. A heightened sense of awareness. (答案：A)10、Which of the following best describes the concept of "digital literacy"?A. The ability to read and write in a digital environment.B. The skill of repairing electronic devices.C. The knowledge of computer programming languages.D. The use of technology for entertainment purposes only. (答案：A)。

人工智能对国家经济安全的影响研究

摘要：人工智能作为一项引领全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革的战略性技术，已经成为大国经济竞争的重要筹码。

人工智能对国家经济安全的影响需要从国际政治经济和国家安全的角度来系统阐释,人工智能会给国家经济安全带来诸多风险，包括失业风险、平台垄断风险以及经济网络风险等。

世界各国在加快发展人工智能的同时,必须改变对人工智能的定性，只有将该项技术视为一种全球性公益产品，并针对这些风险因素采取有效的政策管控措施,才能最大限度发挥出人工智能的技术优势,促进经济社会可持续发展。

关键词：人工智能；经济安全；经济竞争；技术民族主义中图分类号：F124 文献标志码： A 文章编号：1009-8054(2021)05-0010-08戢仕铭（华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院，上海200062）人工智能对国家经济安全的影响研究*文献引用格式：戢仕铭.人工智能对国家经济安全的影响研究[J].信息安全与通信保密,2021(5):10-17. JI Shiming.Research on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on National Economic Security[J].Information Security and Communications Privacy,2021(5):10-17.Research on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on NationalEconomic SecurityJI Shiming（SAIAS of East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China）Abstract: As a strategic technology leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation in the world, artificial intelligence has become an important bargaining chip in the economic competition of major countries. In this context, it is necessary to systematically explain the impact of artificial intelligence on national economic security from the perspective of international politics, economy and national security. Artificial intelligence may bring many risks to national economic security, including unemployment risks, platform monopoly risks, and economic network risks. Therefore, while accelerating the development of artificial intelligence, all countries in the world must change the* 收稿日期：2021-03-06；修回日期：2021-04-03 Received date:2021-03-06; Revised date:2021-04-03 基金项目：国家社会科学基金重大项目“全球价值链与新型国际关系建构研究”（No. 20DZA099）Foundation Item: National Social Sciences Foundation of China"Research on the Construction of Global Value Chain and New International Relations" (No.20DZA099)0　引　言关于人工智能(AI)的普遍定义在国际上经常被视为机器学习、计算机视觉等领域的统称[1]。

创新英语试题及答案

创新英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innovation?A. CreativityB. Risk-takingC. TraditionD. Flexibility答案：C2. Innovation often involves:A. Following established rulesB. Breaking existing paradigmsC. Repetition of past successesD. Resistance to change答案：B3. The primary goal of innovation in business is to:A. Cut costsB. Increase salesC. Simplify processesD. All of the above答案：D4. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of innovation?A. Improved efficiencyB. Enhanced competitivenessC. Reduced job securityD. New opportunities答案：C5. Innovation can be driven by:A. Market demandB. Technological advancementsC. Regulatory changesD. All of the above答案：D6. A common challenge faced by innovators is:A. Lack of resourcesB. Lack of ideasC. Overabundance of ideasD. Lack of motivation答案：A7. Which of the following is a key element of successful innovation?A. PersistenceB. LuckC. IgnoranceD. Disorganization答案：A8. The process of innovation often requires:A. CollaborationB. IsolationC. CompetitionD. Conformity答案：A9. In the context of innovation, "disruption" refers to:A. The act of causing chaosB. The act of breaking thingsC. The act of introducing new ideas that change the marketD. The act of maintaining the status quo答案：C10. One way to foster innovation is by:A. Discouraging experimentationB. Encouraging experimentationC. Punishing failureD. Rewarding only success答案：B二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The concept of "blue ocean strategy" is often associated with __________ in business.答案：innovation2. A __________ is a person who introduces new methods, ideas,or products.答案：innovator3. The term "disruptive innovation" was popularized by the business strategist __________.答案：Clayton M. Christensen4. Innovation can lead to the creation of new __________ in the market.答案：industries5. The process of innovation often involves __________ and testing of new ideas.答案：research6. A __________ is a system that encourages and rewards creative thinking.答案：culture of innovation7. In the context of innovation, "sustainable" refers to practices that can be __________ over time.答案：maintained8. The ability to adapt to new technologies and methods is a key aspect of __________.答案：innovative capacity9. An __________ is a new product, service, or process that is introduced to the market.答案：innovation10. The process of innovation often involves a degree of__________.答案：uncertainty三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Define the term "innovation" and give an example.答案：Innovation refers to the process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay. An example of innovation is the development of smartphones, which have revolutionized the way we communicate and access information.2. Explain the difference between incremental and disruptive innovation.答案：Incremental innovation involves making small, gradual improvements to existing products or services. Disruptive innovation, on the other hand, involves creating new markets and value networks and often disrupts existing markets by introducing new technologies or business models.3. What are the key factors that drive innovation?答案：Key factors that drive innovation include market demand, technological advancements, competition, regulatory changes, and a culture that encourages creativity and risk-taking.4. How can organizations foster a culture of innovation?答案：Organizations can foster a culture of innovation by encouraging creative thinking, providing resources for experimentation, recognizing and rewarding innovative efforts, and being open to change and new ideas.四、论述题（共50分）1. Discuss the importance of innovation in today's rapidly changing business environment. (25分)答案：In today's rapidly changing business environment, innovation is crucial for organizations to stay competitive. It allows them to adapt to new technologies, meet evolving customer needs, and create new markets. Innovation can lead to increased efficiency, improved products and services, and ultimately, greater profitability. It also helps organizations to anticipate and respond to market changes, ensuring their long-term survival and growth.2. Describe a successful innovation process and explain why it was successful. (25分)答案：A successful innovation process typically involves several key stages:。

学术英语原文2单元

Unit 2 Energy in TransitionThe era of cheap and convenient sources of energy is coming to an end.A transition to more expensive but less polluting sources must now be managed.John P. HoldrenUnderstanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being. Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production.But the costs of energy －including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts －detract from well-being.For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side of the energy －well-being equation. Inadequacy of energy resources or (more often) of the technologies and organizations for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience, deprivation and co nstraints on growth. The 1970’s, then, represented a turning point. After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs －and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status －energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be plausible that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think thatexpanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.The crucial q uestion at the beginning of the 1990’s is whether the trend that began in the 1970’s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale ofenergy demand brought forth by 100 years of unprecedented population growth, coupled with an equally remarkable growth in per capita demand of industrial energy forms. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuelwood harvesting.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed.There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensivetransformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s needs. None has very good prospects for delivering large quantities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.The capacity of the environment to absorb the effluents and other impacts of energy technologies is itself a finite resource. The finitude is manifested in two basic types of environmental costs. External costs are those imposed by environmental disruptions on society but not reflected in the monetary accounts of the buyers and sellers of the energy. “Internalized costs” are increases in monetary costs imposed by measures, such as pollution-control devices, aimed at reducing the external costs.Both types of environmental costs have been rising for several reasons. First, the declining quality of fuel deposits and energy-conversion sites to which society must now turn means more material must be moved or processed, bigger facilities must be constructed and longer distances must be traversed. Second, the growing magnitude of effluents from energy systems has led to saturation of the environment’s capacity to absorb such effluents without disruption. Third, the monetary costs of controlling pollution tend to increase with the percentage of pollutants removed.Despite these expenditures, the remaining uninternalized environmental costs have been substantial and in many cases are growing.Those of greatest concern are the risk of death or disease as a result of emissions or accidents at energy facilities and the impact of energy supplied on the global ecosystem and on international relations.The impacts of energy technologies on public health and safety are difficult to pin down with much confidence. In the case of air pollution from fossil fuels, in which the dominant threat to public health is thought to be particulates formed from sulfur dioxide emissions, a consensus on the number of deaths caused by exposure has proved impossible. Widely differing estimates result from different assumptions about fuel compositions, air pollution control technology, power-plant sitting in relation to population distribution, meteorological conditions affecting sulfate formation, and, above all, the relation between sulfate concentrations and disease.Large uncertainties also apply to the health and safety impacts of nuclear fission. In this case, differing estimates result in part from differences among sites and reactor types, in part from uncertainties about emissions from fuel-cycle steps that are not yet fully operational (especially fuel reprocessing and management of uranium-mill tailings) and in part from different assumptions about the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation. The biggest uncertainties, however, relate to the probabilities and consequences of large accidents at reactors, at reprocessing plants and in the transport of wastes.Altogether, the ranges of estimated hazards to public health from both coal-fired and nuclear-power plants are so wide as to extend from negligible to substantial in comparison with other risks to the population. There is little basis, in these ranges, for preferring one of these energy sources over the other. For both, the very size of the uncertainty is itself a significant liability.Often neglected, but no less important, is the public health menace from traditional fuels widely used for cooking and water heating in the developing world. Perhaps 80 percent of global exposure to particulate air pollution occurs indoors in developing countries, where the smoke from primitive stoves is heavily laden with dangerous hydrocarbons. A disproportionate share of this burden is borne, moreover, by women (who do the cooking) and small children (who indoors with their mothers).The ecological threats posed by energy supply are even harder to quantify than the threats to human health and safety from effluents and accidents. Nevertheless, enough is known to suggest they portend even larger damage to human well-being. This damage potential arises from the combination of two circumstances.First, civilization depends heavily on services provided by ecological and geophysical processes such as building and fertilizing soil, regulating water supply, controlling pests and pathogens, and maintaining a tolerable climate; yet it lacks the knowledge and the resources to replace nature’sservices with technology. Second, human activities are now clearly capable of disrupting globally the processes that provide these services. Energy supply, both industrial and traditional, is responsible for a striking share of the environmental impacts of human activity. The environmental transition of the past 100 years －driven above all by a 20-fold increase in fossil-fuel use and augmented by a tripling in the use of traditional energy forms －has amounted to no less than the emergence of civilization as a global ecological and geochemical force.Of all environmental problems, the most threatening, and in many respects the most intractable, is global climate change. And the greenhouse gases most responsible for the danger of rapid climate change come largely from human endeavors too massive, widespread and central to the functioning of our societies to be easily altered: carbon dioxide (CO2) from deforestation and the combustion of fossil fuels; methane from rice paddies, cattle gusts and the exploitation of oil and natural gas; and nitrous oxides from fuel combustions and fertilizer use.The only other external cost that might match the devastating impact of global climate change is the risk of causing or aggravating large-scale military conflict. One such threat is the potential for conflict over access to petroleum resources. Another threat is the link between nuclear energy and the spread of nuclear weapons. The issue is hardly less complex and controversial than the link between CO2 and climate; many analysts,including me, think it is threatening indeed.能源资源价格低廉、使用便捷的时代已经过去了，目前应向尽管价格较高、但污染较小的资源转变。

ANINDISPENSABLETRUTH

AN INDISPENSABLE TRUTH How fusion power can save the planetFrancis F. ChenTABLE OF CONTENTS*Preface iworld ii asustainablePrologue.TowardPART IW HY F USION IS I NDISPENSABLEChap. 1. The evidence for climate change 1-1real? 1-1warmingglobalIschange 1-4temperaturePhysicsof1-5warmingQuantifyingglobal1-6changeclimateforEvidencePaleoclimate 1-6Computer modeling 1-8Modern data 1-9Global temperature rise 1-101-13 DisasterscatastrophesandSea level rise 1-13The Gulf Stream 1-15Theeffect 1-15DegreeOne1-17droughtsandFloodsoceans 1-19onEffect1-20 Weatherextremes1-22typhoonsandHurricanesinevitable 1-23 Slowingthe1 1-33 Notes,Chap.Chap. 2. The future of energy I: Fossil fuels 2-1 Backbone power 2-1The energy deficit 2-2Energy units 2-2Energy consumption 2-2Energy forecasts 2-5demand? 2-5increasingWhatthedrivesenergygo? 2-7doestheWherereserves 2-9 Energymanagement 2-13 carbonCoalandCap and trade 2-14sequestration 2-15 Carbonpipedreams 2-18 gasandOildrilling 2-19 DeepArctic2-20drilling* These page numbers are only approximate because of last minute changes and automatic repagination by MS Wordand Adobe Acrobat.Shale oil 2-20 Tar sands 2-21Oil from algae 2-23 Gas hydrates 2-23Notes, Chap. 2 2-25 Chap. 3. The future of energy II: Renewable energy 3-1 Introduction 3-1Wind energy 3-1 The birds and the bats3-2 The growth of wind 3-3 When is a megawatt not a megawatt?3-5 Size matters3-7 Offshore wind farms3-9 Blade design3-10 How turbines work3-11 The fossil footprint 3-12 Energy storage 3-13 Meshing with the grid3-14 The bottom line on wind3-15 Solar energy3-15 The nature of sunlight3-15 Ways to use solar power3-16 Panels on every rooftop3-18 Photovoltaic panels 3-19 Dangers3-20 Central station solar power3-20 Solar thermal plants3-20 Fossil footprint3-22 Solar photovoltaic plants3-23 Storage and transmission3-24 Is large-scale solar power really feasible?3-25 How photovoltaics work3-26 Silicon solar cells 3-29 Thin-film solar cells3-34 Fossil footprint and environmental issues3-36 Ideas on the horizon3-39 Organic solar cells 3-40 Dye-sensitized solar cells 3-41 Quantum-dot solar cells 3-41 Thermoelectric solar energy 3-42 Geo-engineering3-43 The bottom line on solar3-44 Energy for transportation3-49 Hydrogen cars 3-49A hydrogen economy?3-49How to carry hydrogen 3-49 Anatomy of a fuel cell 3-50Sources of hydrogen 3-52 Bottom line on hydrogen cars 3-53 Electric cars and hybrids 3-54Efficiencies of gas and electric cars 3-54 Gas-electric hybrids 3-55 Plug-in hybrids 3-56 Batteries 3-58 How batteries work 3-59Supercapacitors and Pseudocapacitors 3-61 Summary of electric cars 3-63 Biofuels 3-63 Nuclear power3-66 Importance of nuclear power 3-66 How nuclear reactors work3-66 The cast of characters 3-67 The chain reaction 3-67 Moderation is the key 3-68 Isotope separation3-68 Inside a nuclear reactor 3-68 Types of reactors 3-69 Liquid-metal fast breeder (LMFBR )3-69 Reactor control3-70 Fuel reprocessing3-70 Radioactive waste storage 3-70 Nuclear proliferation 3-71 Nuclear accidents3-72 Future reactors3-72 Fission-fusion hybrids 3-74 Other renewables3-76 Hydroelectricity3-76 Geothermal3-76 Wave and tide energy 3-77 Biomass3-77 Wild schemes3-78Notes on Chap. 3 3-79PART IIH OW F USION W ORKS AND W HAT IT C AN D OChap. 4. Fusion: energy from seawater 4-1 Fission and fusion: vive la difference! 4-1Bindingenergy 4-1reactions 4-2fusionFissionandfission 4-4fromdiffersHowfusionofenergy 4-4 sizeTheHow fusion works 4-5gas 4-6shiningthePlasma:bottle 4-9magneticaDesigningfield? 4-9magneticisWhataHow can a magnetic field hold a plasma? 4-11Thedoughnut 4-13theinholeWhy the field lines have to be twisted 4-14surfaces 4-17magneticandMappings,chaos,4 4-21Chap.Notesonmagneticbottle 5-1the5.PerfectingChap.numbers 5-1largeverySomeInstabilities: the fly in the ointment 5-4superconductor 5-4aHotasplasmainfields 5-5electricmovesplasmaHowinstability 5-6 TheRayleigh-Taylorshearedfields 5-8byStabilizationleakrates 5-10“classical”andheatingPlasma5 5-12Chap.onNotesChap. 6. The remarkable tokamak 6-1torus 6-1ofkindspecialAKruskallimit 6-2theKinkandinstabilityandneoclassicism 6-4 bananas,Mirrors,diffusion 6-7BohmandTurbulencemicroinstabilities 6-10 culprit:Themechanism 6-12 instabilitydriftTheVertical fields 6-166 6-18Chap.NotesonChap. 7. Evolution and physics of the tokamak 7-1 Magnetic islands 7-1oscillations 7-4 SawtoothDiagnostics 7-5 Self-organization 7-6curves 7-6shapelyMagneticandwellsD-shape 7-8theEvolutionofHow to heat a plasma to unearthlytemperatures 7-107-14handaMotherNaturelendscurrent 7-14 Bootstrapeffect 7-16isotopeTheThe Ware pinch 7-16Zonal flows 7-17 Time scales 7-19High confinement modes 7-20The H-mode 7-20Reverse shear 7-22barriers 7-23transportInternalChap.7 7-27onNotesprogress 8-1 half-centuryofA8.Chap.accomplished? 8-1wehaveWhatandmilestones 8-3 spurts,Fits,Computer simulation 8-8Unfinished physics 8-11ELMs 8-11Fishbones 8-12Disruptions 8-13 The tokamak’s limits 8-17limit 8-17GreenwaldTheTroyonthelimit 8-17andBetaBig Q and little q 8-18scalinglaw 8-19confinementTheforgeahead 8-20nationsSevenITER:8 8-28Chap.onNotesChap. 9. Engineering: the big challenge 9-1 Introduction 9-1The first wall and other materials 9-2The first wall 9-2The divertor 9-5Structural materials 9-7breeding 9-8 Blanketstritiumandablanket? 9-8isWhatThe role of lithium 9-9Blanket designs 9-10Breeder9-11CeramicCooledHeliumLithium-Lead 9-12 Helium-Cooled9-13LeadLithiumDual-Cooled9-15operationandMaintenancemanagement 9-15 TritiumTritium self-sufficiency 9-15Tritium basics 9-16The tritium fuel cycle 9-179-18magnetsSuperconductingIntroduction 9-18ITER’s magnet coils 9-18 The supply of helium 9-20 High-temperature superconductors 9-21 Plasma heating and current drive 9-21 Introduction 9-21 Neutral beam injection 9-21Ion cyclotron heating 9-21 Electron cyclotron heating 9-22 Lower hybrid heaing 9-23 Remaining physics problems 9-24 Edge Localized Modes 9-24 Disruptions9-25 Alfvén wave instabilities 9-26 Operating a fusion reactor 9-26 Startup, ramp-down, and steady-state operation 9-26 Maintaining the current profile 9-27 Remote handling9-27 Fusion development facilities 9-28 IFMIF: International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility9-28 Fusion ignition tokamaks 9-29 High Volume Neutron Source 9-29 Fusion Development Facility (FDF) 9-30A spherical tokamak FDFFusion power plants 9-31 Commercial feasibility 9-31 Power plant designs9-32 The cost of electricity 9-36 Methodology9-36 Important dependences 9-37 Cost levelization / discounting 9-38 The cost of fusion energyNotes on Chap. 9 9-42 Chap. 10. Fusion concepts for the future10-1 Advanced fuel cycles 10-1 Stellarators10-3 Wendelstein10-4 Large Helical Device10-5 Benefits of non-axisymmetry 10-6 Compact stellarators10-7 Spherical toruses10-8 Spherical tokamaks10-8 Spheromaks 10-11Magnetic mirrors 10-12 How mirrors work 10-13 Ioffe bars and baseball coils 10-13 Mirror machines 10-15 Axisymmetric mirrors 10-16conversion 10-17 DirectMagnetic pinches 10-17Reversed-field pinch 10-17configuration 10-19 Field-reversedZ-pinches 10-22Plasmafocus 10-23fusion 10-24 InertialconfinementIntroduction 10-24General principles 10-25Instabilities 10-25Glass lasers 10-26Other lasers 10-28designs 10-28 Targetindirectdrive 10-29andDirecttechnology 10-31 ReactorPulsed power 10-32deadends 10-34 andHoaxesfusion 10-34 Coldfusion 10-34 BubbleMuon fusion 10-34Astron 10-35confinement 10-36 ElectrostaticMigma 10-36 Ultimatefusion 10-3610 10-38Chap.onNotesConclusions 11-111.Chap.Scientific summary 11-1 developingfusion 11-1 ofCostConclusion 11-4Epilogue 11-411 11-5Chap.Noteson。

气候变化英

gy conservation and emission reduction, protecting forests, improving land use, and strengthening international cooperation, we can create a better environment for the future of the Earth and the survival of humanity
1、 The Current Situation of Climate Change
2. Increased extreme weather events
extreme weather events such as rainstorm, drought, hurricane and so on occur frequently around the world, which have a serious impact on human life and economy
Part 3
3、 Measures to control climate
change
3、 Measures to control climate change
1. Develop renewable energy
Vigorously develop clean energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
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THANKS
2、 The causes of climate change

过去发生了什么英语作文

过去发生了什么英语作文Title: Reflecting on Past Events。

In reflecting upon past events, it becomes evident that history serves as a profound teacher, imparting invaluable lessons for present and future endeavors. From the annals of time emerge narratives of triumphs and tribulations, shaping the course of human civilization. As we delve into the tapestry of the past, we unravel a myriad of occurrences that have sculpted the world we inhabit today.One pivotal event that reverberates through the corridors of history is the Industrial Revolution. This epochal transition, spanning the late 18th to the early19th century, marked a watershed moment in human socio-economic development. The advent of mechanization, powered by steam and later electricity, revolutionized production processes and catalyzed urbanization. Consequently, societies underwent seismic shifts, transitioning from agrarian economies to industrial powerhouses. Thistransformation not only spurred technological advancements but also precipitated social upheavals, including labor movements and debates over working conditions and child labor.Furthermore, the 20th century bore witness to the cataclysmic specter of global conflict. The two World Wars stand as harrowing testaments to humanity's capacity for both destruction and resilience. The First World War, ignited by geopolitical tensions and entangling alliances, unleashed unprecedented carnage on a global scale. Its aftermath, characterized by the redrawing of maps and the collapse of empires, sowed the seeds for subsequent conflagrations. The Second World War, fueled bytotalitarian ambitions and ideological fervor, inflicted unimaginable suffering and left indelible scars on the collective psyche of mankind. Yet, amidst the darkness of war, emerged beacons of hope and courage, exemplified by the sacrifices of countless individuals and the triumph of the human spirit.Moreover, the latter half of the 20th century witnessedthe dawn of the information age, heralded by the advent of computing and telecommunications technologies. The proliferation of personal computers, the internet, and mobile devices revolutionized communication, commerce, and social interaction. The digital revolution not only democratized access to information but also catalyzed globalization, transcending geographical boundaries and fostering interconnectedness on a global scale. However,this digital renaissance also brought forth new challenges, including concerns over privacy, cybersecurity, and the digital divide.In addition to these epochal events, the past isreplete with myriad narratives of cultural, scientific, and artistic significance. From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, from the discovery of penicillin to the exploration of outer space, human history is a tapestry woven with threads of innovation, discovery, and creativity. Each epoch bears witness to the ingenuity and resilience of the human spirit, transcending adversity and forging paths towards progress and enlightenment.In conclusion, the panorama of human history is a testament to the inexorable march of progress and the enduring resilience of the human spirit. From the crucible of conflict to the crucible of creativity, the past serves as a repository of lessons and inspiration for present and future generations. As we navigate the currents of time, may we heed the wisdom of history and strive to forge a future imbued with compassion, innovation, and solidarity.。

Does Deeper Integration Enhance Spatial Advantages

Does Deeper Integration Enhance Spatial Advantages? Market Access and Wage Growth in China
Fariha Kamal Syracuse University Syracuse, New York 13244 fkamal@ Mary E. Lovely* Syracuse University Syracuse, New York 13244 melovely@ Puman Ouyang Southwest University of Finance and Economics Chengdu, Sichuan, PRC ouyangpm@
1
Gallagher and Jiang (2002) provide an overview and analysis of the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China.
1
in recognition of the employment mobility unleashed by the Labor Law, the Chinese government began strengthening social insurance programs and improving conditions for the increasingly large number of migrant workers. Although far from fully realized, these regulatory and policy changes represent significant steps toward market-mediated labor relations. The combination of deeper international economic integration and labor market liberalization undertaken by China in the second half of the 1990s clearly influenced domestic wages and employment. Cai, Park, and Zhao (2008) report that mean annual real wages increased at an annual rate of 14 percent from 1997 to 2003.2 Freeing firms to set wages according to market forces also led to increased spatial wage dispersion. Knight and Song (2008, p.236), through an analysis of data from household surveys, find that about 11 percent of urban wage inequality is explained by the province in which the worker is employed.3 This paper investigates the spatial dimension of urban wages in China, adopting the new economic geography (NEG) approach taken by Hering and Poncet (2010). Our goal is to link cross-city variation in wages to spatial differences in access to markets. NEG models predict that costly transport and the spatial distribution of demand affect the prospective profits firms can earn in alternative locations, leading to the concentration of production in cities with better access to markets. If factor supplies are sufficiently different across locations so that factor prices are not equalized, workers in cities that offer firms higher potential profits, because of better “market access,” will receive higher wages, specifically higher wages before adjustment for spatial cost-of-living differences. Hering and Poncet estimate Mincer (1974) equations using household data from 1995 and find that Chinese inter-city differences in individual wages can be

2019上半年英语六级

2019上半年英语六级Reflections on the Transformative Power of Globalization.Globalization, the interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, has profoundly shaped the contemporary landscape. While its effects have been far-reaching and multifaceted, this discourse explores the transformative power of globalization, particularly in the realms of economic development, cross-cultural exchange, and technological advancement.Economic Development.Globalization has been a catalyst for economic growth and development, particularly in developing countries. The liberalization of trade and investment has spurred economic activity, leading to increased employment opportunities and improved living standards. Developing nations have gainedaccess to global markets, allowing them to export their goods and services, thereby boosting their economies. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has also played a crucial role in fostering economic development. Multinational corporations have invested in emerging markets, bringing capital, technology, and expertise, which have contributed to job creation and infrastructure improvement.Cross-Cultural Exchange.Globalization has facilitated unprecedented cross-cultural exchange and interaction. The increased mobility of people, goods, and ideas has led to a greater awareness and understanding of diverse cultures. Through travel, education, and media, individuals are exposed to different perspectives, customs, and beliefs, fostering tolerance and appreciation for cultural diversity. Globalization has also promoted the spread of knowledge and innovation, as ideas and technologies are shared across borders, contributing to global progress.Technological Advancement.Globalization has accelerated technological advancement by fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing. The interconnectedness of the world has enabled scientists, researchers, and engineers to collaborate on groundbreaking projects, pooling their expertise and resources. Multinational corporations have played a significant rolein driving technological innovation, investing in research and development and sharing their findings with global subsidiaries. The rapid diffusion of technologies has benefited both developed and developing countries,improving communication, transportation, and healthcare systems.Challenges and Criticisms.While globalization has brought about numerous benefits, it has also faced criticism and challenges. Critics argue that globalization has exacerbated economic inequality,with the wealthy benefiting disproportionately from its effects. The displacement of jobs due to automation and outsourcing has raised concerns about worker displacementand economic insecurity. Furthermore, globalization has been linked to environmental degradation, as multinational corporations seek to maximize profits at the expense of the natural environment.Conclusion.Globalization has been a transformative force in shaping the modern world. It has spurred economic growth, fostered cross-cultural exchange, and accelerated technological advancement. However, it is essential to acknowledge the challenges and criticisms associated with globalization and to strive for inclusive and sustainable development that benefits all. By harnessing the transformative power of globalization while addressing its potential drawbacks, we can create a more equitable and prosperous future for all.。