环境专业英语 12_EIA

Genesis
EIA in China --- the historical context

Preparatory phase:
1973–1978

Early EIA phase: 1985
Main implementation phase: 1990 Development phase:
1979–
An effective EIA program brings multiple benefits to society：

Full and Open Disclosure of All Environmental Consequences of a Proposed Action
An effective program of EIA provides a standardized mechanism for documenting and disclosing the full spectrum of effects of a proposed action. This disclosure encourages a thorough examination of all actions that could

An effective EIA program brings multiple benefits to society：

Establishment of a Substantive Environmental Policy
An effective program of EIA expresses the intent at the national, regional, or local level to establish a sound and sustainable environmental policy for governmental and private decision-making.
1986–


1991–2002
Genesis
EIA in China --- the milestone

1979, The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Trial)
1989, The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China
Timing of EIA
A fundamental goal of the EIA process is to incorporate environmental considerations as part of the decision-making process; therefore, agencies should integrate the EIA process with other planning processes at the earliest possible time. This will ensure that planning and decisions reflect environmental values, avoid unnecessary delays or procedural corrections later in the planning process, and minimize potential conflicts. In addition,
第二条 本法所称环境影响评价，是指 对规划和建设项目实施后可能造成的环 境影响进行分析、预测和评估，提出预 防或者减轻不良环境影响的对策和措施， 进行跟踪监测的方法与制度。
Features
EIA is a formal study process used to predict the environmental consequences of any proposed actions. EIA ensures that the potential problems are foreseen and addressed at an early stage in action planning and design.
Features
It should have the following objectives:

(i) Predict environmental impact of actions; (ii) Find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts; (iii) Shape the actions to suit local environment;
An effective EIA program brings multiple benefits to society：

Establishment of a Uniform and Quantitative/Qualitative Basis for the Identification and Characterization of All Relevant Environmental Impacts.
Environmental Impact Assessment
UNIT 12
by Hua ng L e i Hu bei Un i versi ty of Tec h n ol ogy
The Definition of EIA
An Environmental Impact Assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects.
The systematic steps included in an effective EIA program provide technical guidance concerning the types of environmental effects that should be evaluated, the range of
Genesis
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 1969, U.S include in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation and other
major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement by the responsible official on -(i) the environmental impact of the proposed action, (ii) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, (iii) alternatives to the proposed action, (iv) the relationship between local short-term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and (v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented ( Sec.102(C) )
An effective EIA program brings multiple benefits to society：

Objective Consideration of All Reasonable Alternatives
The heart of the EIA process is the objective and systematic comparison of reasonable alternatives to identify the least environmentally damaging alternative that would meet the stated purpose and need of the proposed action.
An effective EIA program brings multiple benefits to society：

Protection of Natural Resources, Environmental Quality, and Public Health
An effective EIA program serves to identify, in advance, actions that could have significant adverse effects on natural resources; on the quality of local, regional, or national environment; and on human health and safety. In this regard, the EIA program is