Thomas-More---Utopia

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乌托邦

《乌托邦》是托马斯·摩尔写的一部拉丁语的书的名字，全名为《关于最完美的国家制度和乌托邦新岛的既有益又有趣的金书》。

它出版于约1516年。

乌托邦的原词来自两个希腊语的词根：ou是没有的意思，另一个说法是eu是好的意思，topos是地方的意思，合在一起是“没有的地方”或“好地方”的意思，是一种理想国，并非一个真实的国家，而是一个虚构的国度，有着至美的一切，没有纠纷。

托马斯·摩尔的乌托邦是一个完全理性的共和国，在这个国家里所有的财产都是共有的，在战争时期它雇佣临近好战国家的雇佣兵，而不使用自己的公民。

摩尔是一个信仰很深的人。

他曾经想过做牧师，他的小说可能受到耶稣会的影响。

广义的乌托邦可以是理想的或实际的，但一般来说这个词更强调乐观的、理想的和不可能的完美事物。

乌托邦是人类对美好社会的憧憬，是人类思想意识中最美好的社会，如同西方早期“空想社会主义”。

西方一位学者提出的空想社会主义社会，美好，人人平等，没有压迫，就像世外桃源。

乌托邦式的爱情也是美好至极的。

托邦主义是社会理论的一种，它试图藉由将若干可欲的价值和实践呈现于一理想的国家或社会，而促成这些价值和实践。

一般而言，乌托邦的作者并不认为这样的国家可能实现，至少是不可能以其被完美描绘的形态付诸实现。

但是他们并非在做一项仅仅是想像或空幻的搬弄，就如乌托邦主义这个词汇的通俗用法所指的一般。

如同柏拉图《理想国》（Republic）（它是最早的真正乌托邦）中所显示的，通常某目的是：藉由扩大描绘某一概念（正义或自由），以基于这种概念而建构之理想社群的形式，来展现该概念的若干根本性质。

在某些其他的场合，例如摩尔（Sir Thomas More）的《乌托邦》（Utopia，1516），其目标则主要是批判和讽刺：将乌托邦中的善良人民和作者当时社会的罪恶作巧妙的对比，而藉之谴责后者。

只有极少数的乌托邦作者——贝拉密（Edward Bellamy）的《回顾》（Looking Backward，1888）即是佳例——企图根据其乌托邦中所认真规划的蓝图来改造社会。

托马斯莫尔

• 在《乌托邦》的第二部，莫尔将自己对人类美好国家制度的憧憬投射在他所假想的乌托邦岛上。 • 在这部分里，莫尔用了八个不太引人注目的标题，系统地为我们规划了理想社会乌托邦的政治、经济、科学文化、社会生活、宗教、对外关系等方面的主要特征。
• 生活在四百多年前的莫尔，不仅深刻地洞察和揭露了那个时代的各种矛盾，对当时刚刚兴起的资本主义生产关系给予当头一棒，而且还富于天才性地为人们描绘了人类理想社会的美好图景。 • 莫尔因而被世人公认为西欧第一位伟大的空想社会主义者。
莫尔一家
• 托马斯· 莫尔（Thomas More， 1478-1535年）约于1478年2月7日出在英国伦敦一个不太显赫的富有家庭。 • 莫尔幼年丧母，由父亲带大。他的父亲约翰· 莫尔（John More）曾担任过皇家高等法院的法官，是一位勤俭持家、正直明达的人，对儿子要求极为严格，这对莫尔一生产生了深刻的影响。
• an excellent lawyer • also a writer, historian, and philosopher • Utopia in 1516
Political Life
• a trusted advisor of King Henry VIII • Chancellor in 1529 • executed in 1535 • canonized by Pope Pius XI in 1935 • a martyr for his religion
（左）柏拉图 Plato （428-348 BC ）（右）亚里士多德 Aristotle （384-322 BC ）
• 其中，尤其是柏拉图的思想对莫尔产生了巨大的影响，后来的评论家中有人干脆将《乌托邦》称为柏拉图《理想国》的续篇。 • 在这里，他还学习了不少人文主义学科，并与在此任教的著名人文主义者有很深的交往，成为一位坚定的人文主义者。

英国文学作家

Part 2. The English renaissanceThomas More托马斯。

莫尔Utopia乌托帮Philip Sidney菲力普。

锡德尼Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩Edmond Spenser埃德蒙。

斯宾塞The Faerie Queene 仙后The Shepherds’s Calender 牧羊人日历Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）The founder of English materialist philosophyChristopher Marlowe克里斯托夫。

马洛Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝Dr.Faustus浮士德的悲剧The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616 The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of V eronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors 错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labor’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯?安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯?凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet 哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯?阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets 十四行诗The Great Comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Great Tragedies: The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记; Othello奥塞罗King Lear李尔王; The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; The Later Comedies(romances): Pericles波里克利斯; Cymbeline辛白林; The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事; The Tempest暴风风雨;。

(前)伊丽莎白时代(第二章~第三章)

三、The Pre-Elizabethan Period前伊丽莎白时期The150years between the death of Chaucer and the ascension of Queen Elizabeth I was a very important period in history.Humanism as a movement came into existence.①Thomas More托马斯·莫尔Utopia consists of two books with emphasis on Book II in which the Utopian weal republic is described in detail.重点是详细描写理想国的第二卷。

Book I is written in the form of a dialogue between More and a traveler by the name of Rapael Hythloday.莫尔和拉斐尔·希斯洛德的旅行者之间的对话。

hints at the notion that the whole work is not a manifesto but rather a n endeavor to explore the potential of human life暗示整本书不是宣言，只是试图探讨人类生活的其他可能Utopia,a kind of“Nowhere Land”曾经去过乌托邦，一个“乌有之乡”Utopia offers the best ideal social system possible that could be offered at the time.《乌托邦》指出了当时社会可能提供的理想社会模式。

Utopia is an imaginary country where democracy replaces tyranny,commonwealth replaces private property...there is no distinction between the rich and the poor,education is free for all乌托邦是一个虚构的国家民主代替了专政，全民公有制代替了私有财产...没有贫富差距，每个人都可以接受免费教育The limitation of Utopian Society:The Utopian society is clearly male-dominated:there is no mention of gender equality,no equal opportunity for administrative and religious jobs,no clear recognition of the female sex and their rights,but a very clear indication that the women folk have to submit to their men folk as,for instance,they have to kneel before their men and confess on days of religious observance.乌托邦明显是一个以男性为主导的社会：书中并没有提到性别平等，没有行政与宗教工作均等的机会，没有对女性和其权益的明确认可，但却明确指出女性应该服从男性，如他们在宗教仪式之前不得不跪在男性面前忏悔。

吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释

①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄).②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation.③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths.④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics.⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》).⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】The English Bible: The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe(约翰?威克里夫). The Authorized Version is King James Bible made in 1611. The result is a monument of English language and English literature.Renaissance: Renaissance or the birth of letters is an intellectual movement. Its two features are a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.William Caxton威廉.卡克斯顿: He is the first English printer and invented in England the profession of publisher.Thomas More托马斯.莫尔: The greatest of the English humanists was Thomas More, the author of Utopia《乌托邦》. He is also one of such “giants”(巨匠) of the Renaissance. He distinguished himself as a learned scholar, a master of Latin, a witty talker, a lover of music, an honest statesman , and a man of noble character, modest but steadfast(坚定的), to his convictions. He was a far-sighted thinker, aspired for a totally new society with happy, classless, and free from poverty and exploitation. He was one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.Utopia: It is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conservation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager. It is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. In the second book is described in detail an ideal communist society, Utopia. The name “Utopia”comes from Greek words meaning “no place”and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth.Philip Sidney菲利普.锡德尼: He is well-known as a poet and critic of poetry. His collection of love sonnets, Astrophel and Stella《爱星者与星》, was published in 1591.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞(莎翁之前最杰出的英国诗人)：The poet’s poet of the period was ES who was buried beside Chaucer in Westminster Abbey. ES has held his position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets, and his influence can be traced in the works of Milton, Shelley, and Keats. ES is the first master to make that language the natural music of his poetic effusions(感情的流露). His sonnets in Amoretti, together with Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella and Shakespeare’s sonnets ,are the most famous sonnet sequences of the Elizabeth Age. 【In 1579 he wrote The Shepherd’s Calendar《牧人日记》which marked the budding(萌芽) of the Renaissance flower in the northern island of England. The faerie Queen 《仙后》is his greatest work which was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.】Francis Bacon: He is the founder of English materialist philosophy and the founder of modern science in England. His New Instrument is called the Inductive Method of reasoning. He is also the first English essayist. To give a few, “Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark..”“Studies serve for delight.”“Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.”Drama: The Miracle Play圣迹剧The Morality Play道德剧寓意剧The Interlude幕间节目Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗.马洛: The most gifted of the “university wits”was Christopher Marlowe. His best work include 3 of his plays, Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》(1587), The Jew of Malta《马耳岛的犹太人》(1592), and Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》(1588). He was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama. His work paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist——Shakespeare——whose achievements were the monument of the English Renaissance.【His plays show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie, its eager curiosity for knowledge, its towering pride, its insatiable(不知足的) appetite for power won by military, might, knowledge, or gold. The theme of his plays is the praise of individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and law, and the conviction of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe. The heroes in his plays are merely individualists, their individualistic ambition often brings ruin to the world and sometimes to themselves.】William Shakespeare: Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. His dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation（改革）. Shakespeare long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse. He was especially at home with the blank verse. Shakespeare was a great master of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers over the world.①The great comedies: A Midsummer Might’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Twelfth Night.②The great tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth.The Merchant of Venice: 威尼斯富商安东尼奥Antonio为了成全好友巴萨尼奥Bassanio的婚事，向犹太人高利贷者夏洛克Shylock借债。

英国文学简史主要作品作家

集美大学外国语学院英国文学简史主要作品作家BeowulfKing Arthur and his knights of the Round Table.亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士Robin Hood罗宾汉William Langland wrote Vision of Piers the Plowman. 威廉·朗格兰（英国文学之父，著有《耕者皮尔斯》）Geoffrey Chaucer The Book of Duchess，Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集诗体小说Thomas More UtopiaTottel’s Miscellany were Thomas WyattSpenser——The Faerie Queene《仙后》Spenserian stanza斯宾塞诗体The Shepheardes Calendar(牧羊人日历poetical fatherPhilip Sidney——Astrophel and Stella《爱星者与星星》Apologie for Poetrie为诗一辩John Lyly’s——Eupheus Euphemism委婉语Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛（英国戏剧家）The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.浮士德博士的悲剧blank verse素体诗（rhyme-less iambic pentameter）William ShakespeareAll these dramas end happily：A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人The Merry Wives of Windsor温莎的风流娘们As You Like It皆大欢喜Though Romeo and Juliet is essentially a tragedy and The Merchant of Venice is tragic for Shylock.All tragedies：Julius Caesar尤利乌斯•凯撒Hamlet哈姆雷特Othello奥赛罗King Lear李尔王Macbeth麦克白Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉Timon of Athens雅典的泰门Francis Bacon Bacon’s Essay was the first of its kind to appear in English literature.Ben Jonson：One of these was to bring the classic form of the three unities——unity of action, unity of time and unity of place——back to the stage.戏剧三一律he first poet laureate(桂冠诗人The Authorized Version of the Bible——授权版本的圣经King James’ Bible——国王詹姆斯圣经The Bible consists of two parts——the Old Testament旧约and the New Testament新约.John Donnethe Flea”跳蚤与爱情, “A V alediction: Forbidden Morning”一个告别演说Meditation冥想Metaphysical Poets”玄学派诗人The basic features of Metaphysical poetry are its “wit”机巧or “conceit”奇喻.John MiltonParadise Regained复乐园Paradise Lost失乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙Lycidas往诗Lycidas：It is a pastoral elegy. 田园挽歌John DrydenDryden has been seen as “the father of English criticism.”英国批评之父John Bunyan约翰·班杨The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程Vanity Fair, by William Makepeace Thackeray. 威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏heroic couplet英雄双韵体, in rhymed iambic pentameter五步抑扬格1）The Rape of the Lock夺发记, the mock-epic戏仿史诗（writing technique）2）Essay on Man 论人ethic work”伦理作品Essay on Criticism论批评Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌/乡村墓园哀歌poet laureate桂冠诗人Oliver Goldsmith The Deserted Village荒村: The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲德的牧师Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯莱·谢立丹The Rivals情敌and The School for Scandal造谣学校18th三大喜剧之三：哥尔德斯密斯高士密的《屈身求爱》 She Stoops to Conquer】Thomason’s The Seasons四季and Edward Young’s Night Thoughts夜思, both written in the then unpopular blank verse.素体诗George Crabbe乔治·克雷布The Deserted Village.William BlakeSongs of Innocence天真之歌(孩童之歌语言简明，孩子都看得懂) and Songs of Experience经验之歌,TigerRobert BurnsMy Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在高原“A Red, Red Rose”“Tam O’Shanter”Jonathan SwiftA Modest Proposal一个小小的建议Gulliver’s Travels格列夫游记Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福Robinson Crusoe鲁兵逊漂流记Samuel RichardsonPamela帕梅拉Virtue Rewarded美善德报Henry FieldingThe History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫·安德鲁斯的冒险的历史（冒险是时代主旋律）Tom Jones汤姆·琼斯, the Foundling弃儿William WordsworthLyrical Ballads抒情诗谣集标志着浪漫主义的开始[William Wordsworth和Samuel Taylor Coleridge合作]he Lakers”湖畔诗人Samuel Taylor ColeridgeKubla Khan 写了忽必烈汗，充满东方色彩The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老水手谣Walter ScottIvanhoe（艾凡赫，劫后英雄传）and The Woodstock.伍德斯托克Jane AustenSense and Sensibility理智与情感，Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见, Mansfield Park，Emma, Northanger Abby, and Persuasion.Byron—rebellion叛乱Shelley—deep-thinking沉思冥想Keats-—beauty唯美quiet宁静“the Satanic Scholl”撒旦派a school for romantic poemMary Wollstonecraft ShelleyFrankenstein the Modern Prometheus现代普罗米修斯George Gordon ByronChilde Harold’s Pilgrimage公子哈罗德的朝圣之旅,Don Juan唐璜,The Giaour异教徒,The Corsair书名,LaraPercy Bysshe ShelleyPrometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯Ode to the West Wind西风颂The poem, composed in iambic pentameter, consists of five stanzas of 14 lines each,5节14行or four 3-line sub-stanzas 4个3行为一小节plus one 2-line couplet sub-stanza.结尾句对句There are many run-on lines跨行and sub-stanzas跨小节句子, which suit well the depiction of the unruly wind不羁的风and the onrush of emotion.突进的情感西风的象征A symbol of west wind：1、destroy the old systems, society and things2、The symbol of human revolution in the storm“hear”appearing in the last line of the stanza. It describes the power of the west wind and its double role as both destroy and preserver.Destroy of the old; preserver of the newTo a Sky Lark一个天空云雀A Defense of Poetry为诗歌辩护John Keats济慈Crecian Urn” 希腊古瓮颂“Ode to a Nightingale” is one of Keats’ masterworks.To Autumn致秋天The Eve of St.Agnes圣前夕John Stuart MillUtilitarianism on WomenWilkie CollinsThe first detective stroty writer in English historyThe moonstone The Woman in WhiteCharles DickensOliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程BleakHouseOptimistic locale in LondonWilliam MakepeaceThackery萨克雷The Book of Snobs势利者集;Vanity Fair名利场;Comes from Pilgrim;s ProgressRevecca(becky) Amelia SedleyHistory of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;The History of Henry Esmond亨利·艾斯芒的历史; The Newcomes纽可谟一家;Charlote BronteJane Eyre简爱RochesterEmilyBronteWuthering Height呼啸山庄Catherrine Heathclliff George EliotThe Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织工马南;Middlemarch米德尔马契;amuel Butler勃特勒1835-1902The Way of All Flesh如此人生Thomas HardyThe most passive tragedyWessex novelsUnder the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德Tess Alec AngelGeorge Gissing吉辛1857-1903New Crub Srreet新穷士街;Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女; An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性De Prafundis自深深处Robert Louis Stevenson史蒂文生1850-1894 Treasure Island宝岛;The Strange Case of Dr Jeykell and Mr Hyde化身博士;Alfred Lord TennysonIn Memoriam悼念集三大挽歌之一For his friend who died early. Get peace through the entrance of the death 2nd section ContrastBreakPun:the lash of the waves and heartbreakRhetorical repetitionRobert BrowningMy last Duchess已故的公爵夫人The Lost Mistress失去的恋人Use of the dramatic monologue喜剧独白The Ring and the bookVictorian DramaProblem play 问题剧To show the attitude for the societyGeorge Bernard ShawMrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业Pygmalion皮革马列翁Man and Superman人与超人;【世界三大挽歌】Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌/乡村墓园哀歌John MiltonLycidas：It is a pastoral elegy. 田园挽歌Alfred Lord TennysonIn Memoriam悼念集。

英国文学知识点整理

英国文学知识点整理不同的分类，会有交叉。

有交叉，才能理解，才能清晰，才能快速记忆，这才是真正的笔记。

(一)各个时期的文学创作术语中世纪文学时期Medieval Literature英雄双韵体the heroic couplet【特点】两行两行押韵，也被称作五步抑扬格iambic pentameter【创始人】杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer文艺复兴时期Renaissance十四行诗sonnet【特点】1韵律：一行隔一行押韵一节中的最后一行又与下一节的第一行押韵第四节只有两行独自押韵，一共十四行。

例一：abab bcbc cdcd ee例二：abab bcbc efef gg 2行数：十四行【创始人】威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare斯宾塞诗体Spenserian【特点】1韵律：韵律复杂，具有音乐性2行数：每节九行【创始人】埃德蒙·斯宾塞Edmund Spenser 素体诗blank verse没有押韵道德剧Morality Play神秘剧Mystery Play奇迹剧Miracle Play抑扬格四音步iambic tetrameter书信体意识流stream of consciousness(二)各种荣誉称谓"之父"称号Title作家主要作品时代流派英国诗歌之父Father of English Poetry杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer坎特伯雷故事集The Canterbury TalesMedieval Literature 十四世纪英国小说之父Father of English Novels丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe鲁宾逊漂流记The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeEnlightenment 18世纪Realistic西欧历史小说之父The Father of Western European Historical Novel沃尔特·司各特Walter Scott密得洛西恩监狱The Heart of MidlothianRealistic Literature十九世纪Romanticism桂冠诗人Poet Laureate约翰·德莱顿John Dryden阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生Alfred Tennyson【作品】记忆方式伊诺克·阿登。

英国文学中古时期到17世纪 (含答案)

英国文学中古时期到17世纪I. 选择题1. Generally speaking, it is in _____ that the English literary history starts.A. 6th C (BC.)B. 5th C (BC.) C. 6th C. (AD.) D. 5th C. (AD.)2. ______ is a pagan poem which portraits a panoramic picture of the tribal society in British Island.A. The Legend of King ArthurB. BeowulfC. The Tall TalesD. The Canterbury Tales3. In English poetry, a quatrain is _____.A. a four-line stanzaB. a coupletC. a fourteen-line stanzaD. a terza rima4. Anglo-Saxon literature is almost exclusively a verse literature in _____. It was passed down by words of mouth from generation to generation.A. Realistic formB. lyrical formC. oral formD. no form5. The _____ is an important form of British literature in the 15th century.A. epicB. popular balladC. sonnetD. quatrain6. _____ period extended from the invasion of the Celtic England by German tribes in the first half of the 5th century to the conquer of England in 1066 by the Norman French under the leadership of William the Conqueror.A. The Anglo-NormanB. The Middle EnglishC. The Chaucerian EnglishD. The Old English7. The hero in Romance is usually the _____.A. kingB. knightC. ChristD. churchman8. Geoffrey Chaucer, regarded as the first famous English poet in the history of English literature, wrote the following except ______.A. The Canterbury TalesB. The House of FameC. The Parliament of FowlsD. Boethius9. Geoffrey Chaucer planned originally to have each of the pilgrims tell _____ stories on the way to Canterbury and the same number of stories on the way back in his famous The Canterbury Tales.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 410. Geoffrey Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially what was later to be called _____. A. the alliterative verse B. the balladC. the heroic coupletD. the blank verse11. The English Renaissance Period was an age of _____.A. ballads and songsB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalD. prose and novel12. The well-known soliloquy by Hamlet “To be ,or not to be...And lose the name of action.” shows his_____.A. hatred for his uncleB. love for lifeC. resolution of revengeD. inner contradiction13. The first poet to introduce the sonnet into English literature is_____.A. William ShakespeareB. Thomas WyattC. Francis BaconD. Thomas More14. It was _____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. Thomas MoreB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare15 Choose the one author who does not belong to the group of “University Wits” from the following playwrights.A. John LylyB. Robert GreeneC. William ShakespeareD. Christopher Marlowe16 Whom does the poet praise in the Sonnet 18 and Sonnet 29? The person is_____.A. a young beautiful ladyB. a dark ladyC. a handsome young manD. the poet's girl friend17. Paradise Lost is not _____.A. Milton's masterpieceB. a great epic in 12 booksC. written in blank verseD. Metaphysical poetry18. Milton has the following titles, except one. Which one?A. a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC. foremost critic of his ageD. a great master of blank verse19. The stories of Paradise Lost were taken from _____.A. Greek mythologyB. the Old TestamentC. the New TestamentD. Chinese ancient tales20. John Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim's Progress in the form of _____.A. religious instructionB. clear, and simple expressionC. allegory and dreamD. conceit and satireII. 判断题1.Beowulf is the national epic of England.2.The earliest poem in English literature is Beowulf, which belongs to lyric poetry.3.Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.4.“King Arthur and His Round Table” was popular at medieval period. One of the knownromance is The Robin Hood Ballads.5.The Canterbury Tales is written for the greater part in heroic couplets.6.William Langland, known as the father of English literature, is widely considered thegreatest poet of the Middle Ages.7.Geoffrey Chaucer is regarded as the first realist in English Literature because he gives us theordinary daily life of the 14th century.8.Chaucer made the dialect of London the foundation for modern English language.9.Thomas More wrote his famous prose work Essays.10.Thomas More’s Utopia is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has beenrecognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose11.In Elizabethan Period, Francis Bacon wrote more than fifty excellent essays, which made himone of the best essayists in English literature.12.Shakespeare’s four great tragedies generally refer to Hamlet, Prince of Denmark; Othello, theMoore of V enice; King Lear; and Romeo and Juliet.13.Two features are striking of this Renaissance movement. The one is a thirsting curiosity forclassical literature. Another feature of the Renaissance is the keen interest in life and human activities.14.Spenser’s fame in English literature is chiefly based upon his masterpiece The Faerie Queene,which was dedicated to Queen Mary.15.1649, Charles I was tried and beheaded. The civil war ended and England was declared acommonwealth.16.In 1660, the son of the beheaded king was welcomed back as King Charles II until 1688,which has been known as the period of the Commonwealth.\17.John Bunyan is a great stylist. His poetry has a grand style.18.The most remarkable feature in The Flea is its use of conceit.III.连线题1.the first and greatest English epic Utopia2.Thomas Malory The Pilgrim’s Progress3.William Langland Piers the Plowman4.Geoffrey Chaucer Essays5.Edmund Spenser The Faerie Queene6.Christopher Marlowe The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus7.Thomas More Beowulf8.Francis Bacon The Canterbury Tales9.John Milton Paradise Lost10.John Bunyan The Death of King Arthur11.William Shakespeare A Midsummer Night’s DreamIV. 赏析题1.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, forthey teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.Q1：What’s the title of this essay from which it is taken? And who is the author?Q2: Please give a simple analysis of the literature style of this essay.Q3: What are “three abuses of studies”?Q4: What’s the theme of this essay?2.As soon as April pierces to the rootThe drought of March, and bathes each bud and shootThrough every vein of sap with gentle showersFrom whose engendering liquor spring the flowers;When Zephyrus have breathed softly all aboutInspiring every wood and field to sprout,And in the zodiac the youthful sunHis journey halfway through the Ram has run;When little birds are busy with their songWho sleep with open eyes the whole night longLife stirs their hearts and tingles in them so,Then off as pilgrims people long to go,And palmers to set out for distant strandsAnd foreign shrines renowned in many lands.And specially in England people rideTo Canterbury from every countrysideTo visit there the blessed martyred saintWho gave them strength when they were sick and faint.Q1: What’s the title of this literary work from which it is taken? And who is the author?Q2: What’s the metrical scheme of this poem?Q3: What’s the theme of this literary work?V. 论述题1. What are the artistic features of The Canterbury Tales?2. What are the writing Features of Shakespeare?英国文学中古时期到17世纪I. 选择题1-5: DBACB 6-10: DBDBC 11-15: BDBBC 16-20:CDCBCII. 判断题1-5: TFTFT 6-10: FTTFF 11-15:TFTFT 16-18:FFTIII. 连线题12.the first and greatest English epic —— Beowulf13.Thomas Malory——The Death of King Arthur14.William Langland——Piers the Plowman15.Geoffrey Chaucer——The Canterbury Tales16.Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene17.Christopher Marlowe——The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus18.Thomas More——Utopia19.Francis Bacon——Essays20.John Milton——Paradise Lost21.John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress22.William Shakespeare——A Midsummer Night’s DreamIV. 赏析题1.Q1：What’s the title of this essay from which it is taken? And who is the author?A1: Of Studies; Francis BaconQ2: Please give a simple analysis of the literature style of this essay.A2: simple, precise, compact, aphoristic（格言式的), gravity, eleganceQ3: What are “three abuses of studies”?A3: Read to contradict and confute, to believe and take for granted, to find talk and discourse.Q4: What’s the theme of this essay?A4: Different ways of studies may exert different influences over human characters.2.Q1: What’s the title of this literary work from which it is taken? And who is the author?A1: General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; Geoffrey Chaucer.Q2: What’s the metrical scheme of this poem?A2: The heroic couplet.Q3: What’s the theme of this literary work?A3: Chaucer affirmed man’s right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism, praised man's energy, intellect, and love of life. Meanwhile, he also exposed and satirized the social evils, especially the religious abuses.V. 论述题1. What are the artistic features of The Canterbury Tales?1) Realistic Presentation of Characters and Contemporary LifeNot only the characters represent the classes they come from, but each also possesses an individual personality. The characters are as important a part of the poem as the tales told by them.The poet tries to give a comprehensive picture of the English society of his time and arranges to present a colorful gallery of pilgrims that covers a great range of social life.2) Chaucer’s HumorHe is well-skilled in mild and subtle irony to create humorous effects. He was a broad-minded humanist and had sympathy for people at large. He treats his characters kindly on the whole, using gentle satire and irony to criticize vanity, ill-manners, deceptive tricks and all sorts of follies and human weaknesses.3) Unity Trough a Framed StoryAlthough the story-tellers are very different and the stories are diverse, a unity is achieved through the device of the framed story that is Chaucer’s invention of a pilgrimage as the occasion of all the story-telling and thus makes it realistic. The pilgrimage frame offers the possibility for comparison and contrast of characters and their interplay.4) Metrical SchemeThe metrical scheme of The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s chief contribution to English poetry. He is the poet who introduced to England the rhymed stanzas of many kinds from French poetry, especially the heroic couplet.2. What are the writing Features of Shakespeare?1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. He faithfully and vividly reflects the major social contradictions of his time.2) The method of adoption from the plots of Greek legends, Roman history and Italian stories, etc.3) Elastic dramas: action develops freely, without the three unities of time, place and action. And there are many themes in one play.4) Poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet and the dramatic blank verse.5) Shakespeare was a great master of the English language: large vocabulary.。

Utopia

• More ,living in a world based on handicraft production, was faced with the very real problem of social productivity. • Tao yuanming ,living in a feudal society and seemingly everlasting wars , mountains’ taxes on peasants’ body. • Living in the Middle Age ,More could see what was wrong and what was needed, but could never find at that time the means by which socialism could be realized. • Tao yuanming was also living in the war time. Both middle classes and peasants look forward to the peaceful life. • Both of them are great thinker, but they were no revolutionary in the sense of wishing to arouse the people or to start any revolutionary movement among the exploited classes.
More’s view
• More is a humanist and he was one of the first to see the relation between wealth and poverty, to undertstand that the rich were becoming richer because they were finding new and more effective ways of robbing the poor. More points out that root of poverty is the private ownership of social wealth. • “From everyone according to this capacities,to everyone according to his needs.” 各尽其能，各取所用

浙江大学英国文学史考试要点

浙江大学英国文学史考试要点听课笔记1、it is “Beowulf”,the national epic of the English people.《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf），又译贝奥武甫，完成于西元八世纪，约750年左右的英雄叙事长诗，长达3000行。

故事的舞台位于北欧的斯堪的纳维亚半岛。

是以古英语记载的传说中最古老的一篇，在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。

贝奥武夫（Beowulf）乃现存古英文文学中最伟大之作，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。

该诗中并未提及英国，但学者相信该诗约於西元七二五年左右在英国完成。

全诗凡三千一百八十二行，以斯堪地那维亚的英雄贝奥武夫的英勇事迹构成主要内容。

虽然历史上并未证实确有贝奥武夫其人，但诗中所提及的许多其他人物与事迹却得到印证。

Features of “Beowulf”:The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration. Other features of “Beowulf” are the use of metaphors and of understatements.本诗原以西撒克逊方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。

全诗内容分为两部分：第一部分描叙丹麦霍格国王（King Hrothgurs）宏伟的宫殿，在前后十二年中，半人半魔的妖怪格兰戴（Grendel）每晚出没捉食霍格的战士。

此时恰巧瑞典南部济兹（Geats）王子贝奥武夫率家臣来访，协助除害。

国王当晚设宴款待，熟料妖怪格兰戴又复出现，捉食一名济兹战士，贝奥武夫与之格斗，贝氏扭断其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重伤致死。

第二天晚上，格兰戴的母亲前来为其子复仇，其后贝氏把她在一湖泊的洞穴中杀死。

第二部分描叙贝奥武夫返国，被拥为王，前后五十年，举国大治。

最后贝奥武夫以垂老之年，杀一喷火巨龙，但其个人亦因而身受重创，终於身死。

考研英国文学复习要点（参照教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》）解析

考研英国文学复习要点（参照教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》）解析Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance （填空选择）9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collec tion of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。

高中英语哲学思想单选题50题

高中英语哲学思想单选题50题1. Which of the following statements best represents the idea of Plato's Theory of Forms?A. The physical world is the ultimate reality.B. Ideas are more real than the physical objects.C. Sensory experiences are the only source of knowledge.D. Everything is constantly changing and unpredictable.答案：B。

柏拉图的理念论认为理念（形式）比具体的物质世界更真实，A 选项说物质世界是终极现实，与柏拉图的观点相悖；C 选项感官经验是唯一知识来源并非柏拉图的观点；D 选项一切都在不断变化且不可预测不符合柏拉图的理念论。

2. In Aristotelian philosophy, the concept of "entelechy" refers to:A. The potentiality of a thing to become something else.B. The final cause that guides the development of a thing.C. The randomness in the evolution of all beings.D. The complete absence of purpose in nature.答案：B。

亚里士多德哲学中的“隐德来希”指的是引导事物发展的最终原因，A 选项指的是事物成为其他东西的可能性；C 选项说的是所有生物进化的随机性不符合；D 选项自然界完全没有目的也不正确。

3. According to Stoicism, which of the following is most important for a person to achieve inner peace?A. Pursuing pleasure and material wealth.B. Controlling one's emotions and accepting fate.C. Always striving to change the external world.D. Focusing on personal achievements and recognition.答案：B。

Thomas More

Utopia is an enlightened pagan community All land and goods are owned in common and are available to all as needed; there is no private property of any kind.
More’s Limitations
1. More had no revolutionary spirit. 2. In More’s works, the system of bondsmen(农奴) still retains the features of class exploitation. 3. More could never find at that time the means to realize socialism.
2. Definition of Utopia

Utopia is an island
Large bay that protects it from the ocean and wind. The bay allows for easy internal shipping and travel, but makes any sort of external attack unlikely
Major Themes
Utopia reveals the ideal conditions of a society and his solution to the many social illness that were pervasive in the 16th C. Europe. Utopia deals primarily with the question of the relation of the State and the individual.

外国有名的书籍介绍

外国有名的书籍推荐1. 《乌托邦》（Utopia） - 托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）2. 《奥德赛》（The Odyssey） - 荷马（Homer）3. 《神曲》（The Divine Comedy） - 但丁·阿利吉耶里（Dante Alighieri）4. 《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet） - 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）5. 《堂吉诃德》（Don Quixote） - 米格尔·德·塞万提斯·萨维德拉（Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra）6. 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost） - 约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton）7. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe） - 丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel Defoe）8. 《格列佛游记》（Gulliver's Travels） - 乔纳森·斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift）9. 《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice） - 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）10. 《理智与情感》（Sense and Sensibility） - 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）11. 《罪与罚》（Crime and Punishment） - 费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基（Fyodor Dostoevsky）12. 《战争与和平》（War and Peace） - 列夫·托尔斯泰（Leo Tolstoy）13. 《安娜·卡列尼娜》（Anna Karenina） - 列夫·托尔斯泰（LeoTolstoy）14. 《海底两万里》（Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea） - 儒勒·凡尔纳（Jules Verne）15. 《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist） - 查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）16. 《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities） - 查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）17. 《简·爱》（Jane Eyre） - 夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte）18. 《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights） - 艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Bronte）19. 《麦田里的守望者》（The Catcher in the Rye） - J.D.塞林格（J.D. Salinger）20. 《老人与海》（The Old Man and the Sea） - 欧内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hemingway）21. 《飘》（Gone with the Wind） - 玛格丽特·米切尔（Margaret Mitchell）22. 《1984》（Nineteen Eighty-Four） - 乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell）23. 《动物庄园》（Animal Farm） - 乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell）24. 《百年孤独》（One Hundred Years of Solitude） - 加西亚·马尔克斯（Gabriel Garcia Marquez）25. 《杀死一只知更鸟》（To Kill a Mockingbird） - 哈珀·李（HarperLee）26. 《洛丽塔》（Lolita）- 纳博科夫（Vladimir Nabokov）27. 《珍珠》（The Pearl）- 约翰·斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）28. 《荆棘鸟》（The Thorn Birds）- 考琳·麦卡洛（Colleen McCullough）29. 《看不见的人》（Invisible Man）- 拉尔夫·埃里森（Ralph Ellison）30. 《发条鸟》（The Clockwork Orange）- 安东尼·伯吉斯（Anthony Burgess）31. 《第二十二条军规》（Catch-22）- 约瑟夫·海勒（Joseph Heller）32. 《恶时辰》（The Time of Your Life）- 威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）33. 《白鲸》（Moby Dick）- 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔（Herman Melville）34. 《海底沉舟》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）- 萨缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）35. 《红与黑》- 司汤达（Stendhal）。

少年没有乌托邦是什么意思

少年没有乌托邦是什么意思引言乌托邦（Utopia）一词源自托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）的同名小说《乌托邦》。

乌托邦最初指的是一个完美无暇的理想社会。

然而，在现实世界中，少年们往往无法体验到这种理想社会的存在。

本文将讨论少年没有乌托邦的含义和影响。

困境与压力少年时期是一个人生命中重要的阶段。

然而，少年们往往面临许多困境和压力，这些使得他们无法体验到乌托邦的存在。

学业压力在很多社会中，学业压力是少年时期最常见的困扰之一。

少年们通常要面对艰难的学习任务和高强度的考试压力。

这可能导致他们没有时间和精力去探索理想社会的可能性，无法对乌托邦的存在有深入思考。

社会期望社会对少年们的期望通常很高，希望他们能够成为优秀的人才。

这种期望常常给少年们带来巨大的压力，使他们为了追求成功而牺牲自己的梦想和愿望。

这种牺牲可能导致少年们无法真正体验乌托邦。

个人困惑少年时期是一个探索自我身份和价值观的时期。

许多少年感到困惑和迷茫，对于自己的角色和目标缺乏清晰的认识。

这可能导致他们无法理解乌托邦的含义和影响。

影响与启示尽管少年没有乌托邦的经历，但这并不意味着他们无法从中获益或受到启示。

珍惜现实少年们缺乏乌托邦的体验，使得他们更容易珍惜眼前的现实。

他们更能够从现实生活中发现美好和意义，以及珍惜身边的人和事物。

坚持梦想少年们还可以从乌托邦的概念中汲取力量，坚持自己的梦想。

尽管现实可能不完美，但乌托邦的存在使他们相信理想世界的可能性，并不断追求自己的目标和愿望。

探索未知少年时期的探索精神使他们对未知充满好奇和勇气。

即使没有乌托邦的存在，他们仍然愿意尝试新的事物和冒险，从中发现自己的兴趣和激情。

结论少年没有乌托邦的经历，但这并不意味着他们无法理解其含义和影响。

尽管少年时期充满困境和压力，但他们仍然可以从中获益，并从乌托邦的概念中汲取力量。

少年们应珍惜现实、坚持梦想，并勇敢地探索未知，以使自己的生命更加充实和有意义。

注意：以上是一个示例文档，实际写作时请根据需要进行修改和补充。

英国文学史3.Thomas+More

It took as a major interest the life of man in the present and, unlike medieval philosophy, which postulated a City of God in the hereafter, it attempted to lay the foundations for a life of justice, nobility, and goodness on earth. Humanism was an attitude rather than a philosophy, non-dogmatic and non-scientific, taking the explorations of human potential for a full and rewarding life as its main concern. Humanism was one of the most important factors giving rise to the Renaissance.
The Characteristics of the Renaissance Literature
All in all, the chief characteristic of the Renaissance literature is the expression of secular values with man instead of God as the center of the universe. 1)It emphasizes the dignity of man, affirms and praise the value of man, which often implies a lessening in the power of God. It describes the intellectual and physical "virtues" of the human being, and of its place in the creation.

乌托邦读后感

乌托邦读后感英文回答：Utopia is a classic work of political philosophy by Thomas More, written in the early 16th century. The book presents a vision of an ideal society, one that is free from the problems of war, poverty, and inequality.More's Utopia is a fascinating and thought-provoking work that continues to be relevant today. It is a reminder that we should always strive to create a better world, one that is more just and equitable for all.Here are a few things that I found particularly interesting and inspiring about Utopia:The emphasis on community. The Utopians live in a close-knit community where everyone knows and cares for each other. There is no private property, and everyone works together to provide for the common good.The rejection of violence. The Utopians are a peaceful people who abhor violence. They believe that war is wrong, and they only resort to it in self-defense.The emphasis on education. The Utopians place a high value on education. All children are required to attend school, and they are taught the skills they need to be successful members of society.Utopia is a challenging book that raises important questions about the nature of society and the human condition. It is a book that I highly recommend to anyone who is interested in political philosophy or in creating a better world.中文回答：《乌托邦》是托马斯·莫尔创作于16世纪初的政治哲学经典著作。