【高考复习】英语 书面表达 基础五大句型结构

你的手摸起来很凉。 Your hand feels cold. 所有的树叶都变黄了。 All the leaves have turned yellow.. 他们在讨论中全都保持沉默。 They all remained silent in the discussion.
• 二、主谓结构 • 【句型】(1) There + be + 主语 + 状语 • 【用法】在本句型中there仅起引导作用, 本身无词义。谓语在 前, 主语在后, 形成主谓倒装。动词be表示“有”或“存在”。 谓语动词应与其紧邻的主语保持一致。be有时态的变化, 也可 加入情态动词。否定式是将not加在be动词或助动词之后, 作主 语的名词前常常带有a/an/any。也可在主语前加no (no = not a/an.any)。have和there+be的区别：从结构上来讲, have前须 有主语, 而there+be结构的主语在谓语be 之后。从意义上来讲, 二者都可译为“有”, 但have表示“所有”, “占有”关系, 译成汉 语为 “某人(物)拥有某(人)物”。而there+be结构表示“存在” 关系, 译为 “某地(某时)有某物(某人)”。 • There is going to be a football match tonight.(将来时) There were many children in the park yesterday.(过去时) There hasn„t been any rain for some days.(完成时) • There must be no more time left. (情态动词) • There used to be a cinema here before the war.(情态动词) • Xiao Li has an English-Chinese Dictionary • There is an English-Chinese Dictionary on the desk.
【练习】 • 人类居住的唯一家园是地球。
The only home for man to live on is the earth.
• 失败为成功之母。 • 所有这些词典都对我帮助很大。
All these dictionaries are a great help to me. Failure is the mother of success.
• 【练习】 • 中国自然资源丰富。
China is rich in natural resources.
• 王先生正忙于备课。
Mr. Wang is busy preparing for his lessons.
• 他对他儿子学习上的进步感到自豪。
He is very proud of his son‟s progress in study.
• 门口那辆摩托车不是我的。
The motorcycle at the gate is not mine.
• 倘若我是你，我就采纳他的建议。
If I were you, I follow take his advice.
句型 (2) 主语+ be + 形容词 + (介词短语) 【用法】在本句型中，形容词作表语。用于本句型 的形容词有： 一般形容词，如 fine, busy, absent, rich, angry, different等；多数形容词后有固定的介词搭配。 表语形容词，如ready, sure, certain, sorry, present, content, fond, alive, awake, asleep, alike, alone, afraid, ashamed, aware等。 跟of介词短语的形容词，如forgetful, doubtful, proud, full, free, short, careful, capable 跟of介词短语，用来描述人的品行或特点的形容 词，如good, clever, kind, nice, foolish, silly, cruel, impolite, careless, stupid, right, unwise, wise, rude, wrong, naughty等。 be rich in, be busy with, be responsible for, be angry with, be different from, be fond of
【练习】 桌上有盏灯，一本字典和几本笔记。 There is a lamp, a dictionary and some notebooks on the table. 花园里有许多苹果树。 There are many apple trees in the garden. 我的小车一定是出什么毛病了。 There must be something wring with my car. 这里战前曾有一座电影院。 There used to be a cinema here before the war.
1.我恐怕有着不一样的观点. I am afraid that I have a different opinion. 2.他很高兴得到了上大学的机会. He was glad that he got the opportunity to go to university. 3.我肯定这会对我们的自然环境造成影响. I am sure that it will have an effect on our natural environment. 4.如此多的动物濒临灭绝,我感到很难过. I feel sad that so many animals are endangered.
【句型】(3) 主语+ be + 现在分词 【用法】在本句型中，现在分词作表语，大部分这 类词已被看作形容词，它们用来修饰说明表示物 的主语。用于本句型的现在分词有：amusing(有 趣的), boring(令人厌烦的), disappointing(令人失 望的), charming(迷人的), inviting (引人注目的,吸 引人的), confusing(混淆的), exciting(令人兴奋的), embarrassing(令人为难的), discouraging(令人气 馁的), disturbing(烦扰的), fascinating(迷人的), interesting, surprising(惊人的), missing, promising(有前途的), puzzling(令人迷惑的), shocking (骇人听闻的), striking(引人注目的), pleasing(令人高兴的), touching(动人的)， worrying(令人担心的)等。This poem is very moving. His speech was very boring.
【句型 主语+特殊连系动词+ 表语 【用法】 常见的“特殊连系动词”可分为三类： 表示“变成某种状态”意义的系动词： become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, prove, run, shine, turn, turn out, wear, work. 表示“保持某种状态”意义的系动词： continue , die, go, hold, keep, lie, live, remain, rest , return, sit, stand, stay 表示 “自己感觉或令人感觉” 意义的系动 词：appear, feel , look, seem , smell, sound, taste。 Her ideal has come true． Why do you keep silent? 主语+ be+ 表语(名词/代词) • 【用法】在本句型中，名词或代词作表语， 名词或代词可带附加成分。要注意主谓一 致和时态问题。 • I‟m a college student. • It must be a grammar mistake.
• 他们缺少时间和钱。
They are short of time and money.
• 你真糊涂，竟然相信他说的话。 • He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。
It‟s very foolish of you to believe what he said.
【句型】 (4) 主语+ be + 过去分词 + (介词短语) 【用法】在本句型中，过去分词作表语，且常常带 介词短语，介词一般固定，不可随便选用。用于 本句型的过去分词有：be worried about, be disappointed at, be prepared for, be based on, be lost in, be devoted to, be equipped with, be absorbed in , be located in…
2.我对他频频迟到很失望.
I am disappointed at his being late again and again.
3.收到你的来信,我很高兴.
I was delighted to hear from you .
4.我们的教学楼座落在花园的前方.
Our teaching building is located in front of the garden.
He is lost in thought. The room is equipped with air-conditioners. They are worried about their son.
1.我们要为下一次考试做准备.
We must be prepared for the next exam.
今年有个好收成。 There will be a good harvest this year. 近十天一直没有雨。 There hasn‟t been any rain for ten days. 这一对夫妇之间可能发生过争吵。 There might have been a quarrel between the couple. 在上下班的拥挤时刻，应该有更多的公共汽车。 There ought to be some more buses during the rush hour.
【句型】主语+ be + 形容词 + that从句] 【用法】在本句型中形容词作表语。连词that 引导的从句在下列形容词后作宾语：sure, aware, careful, certain, determined等。 that引导的从句在下列形容词后作状语： sorry, happy, glad, proud, satisfied, disappointed, pleased等。 We‟ll quite sure that he will succeed. I‟m very glad that you were able to come.
1.他的话使人相当泄气. What he said was discouraging. 2.这部电影的结局是令人失望的. The end of the film is disappointing. 3.我放在桌上的英语书不见了. The English book I put on the desk is missing. 4.不断增长的死亡人数是骇人听闻的. The increasing number of the death is shocking.
【句型】(2) There + 动词 + 主语 + 状语 【用法】在there+be结构中, 谓语动词有时不用be而用： 动词短语：seem to be(似乎), happen to be (碰巧有/ 碰巧是), be likely to be (可能有/可能是), appear to be (似乎/看起来) used to be(曾经有)； 不及物动词：live(生活有/住着),stand(伫立/站着), come, exist(存在), rise(升起), lie(位于/有), occur(发生/有), fly(飞), remain(仍/还有/保持)，stand(站/屹立), hang(挂 着), rise(升起), run(流淌/行驶), occur(发生/出现)等。