华南理工大学2015年《211翻译硕士英语》考研专业课真题试卷
2015年华南理工大学翻译硕士(MTI)入学考试《汉语写作与百科知识》真题及详解
2015年华南理工大学翻译硕士（MTI）入学考试《汉语写作与百科知识》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题1.孟子针对道义的修养提出了著名的"养气"说。
"养气"就是培养道德力量的过程，从而达到( )的境界。
A."亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物"B."富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈" √C."万物皆备于我"D."泛爱万物，天地一体"【解析】孟子提出的所谓"养气"，强调的是人的内心道德修养功夫，也就是人的内在品德的"充实"之美，"养气"需要"配义与道"，长期修养锻炼，才能达到"至大至刚"的境界。
《孟子·滕文公下》称："富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈，此之谓大丈夫。
"不受任何环境的干扰，威胁、利诱无法改变其操守，这种豪迈气魄，对于封建社会中正直知识分子的砥砺气节是很有鼓舞力量的。
2.在综合考察了孔子、孟子、董仲舒、扬雄等人的相关论述后，韩愈提出了"性三品"说。
下列关于"性三品"的说法错误的是( )。
A."性"是与身俱来的先天本质B."性"分为上、中、下三品C."性"的内涵主要包括仁、义、礼、智、信五德D."性"具体表现为喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲七种情绪√【解析】"性三品"是中国古代一种主张人性分为三等的理论。
西汉董仲舒把人性分为上、中、下三等。
韩愈把人性看成是人与生俱来的先天本性，人性中所具有的仁、义、礼、智、信这五种道德品质，在三品中的比重各不相同，上品之性具有仁而行于其余四者；下品之性反于仁而违背其余四者；中品之性仁有不足，其余四者也杂而不纯。
2015年华南理工大学考研试题448汉语写作与百科知识
448华南理工大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：汉语写作与百科知识适用专业：英语笔译（专业学位）；日语笔译（专业学位）共3页第一部百科知识（分值50分，考试时间60分钟）一、简答题（共10个小题，每小题3分，共计30分）1.中国古代五行学说是指什么？2.陶渊明所处时代及其代表作的特色是什么？3.董仲舒其人和他的三纲思想是什么？4.略说中国的地理位置、疆域、行政区划。
列举五个以上与中国接壤的国家名称。
5.英国人泰特勒（A.F.Tytler）提出的翻译原则有哪三条？6.佛教史家是怎样划分中国佛经翻译不同时代的？以哪两个人的佛经翻译为界限？7.英国的卡特福德于1965年发表的著作名称是什么？他创立了一个术语‘转换’（shift），意思是将原文翻译成译文时偏离形式对等。
那么转换又分为哪两种呢？分别指什么？8.把下列三个英文缩写翻译成中文，并写出它们的英语全称。
GPS,WHO,UNESCO.9.许渊冲先生提出哪些翻译主张？它们之间的关系是怎样的？10.请谈谈美国的政体（包括政治制度、政党、宪法内容、政府组织）。
二、选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.孟子针对道义的修养提出了著名的“养气”说。
“养气”就是培养道德力量的过程，从而达到“_________”的境界。
A.亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物B.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈C.万物皆备于我D.泛爱万物，天地一体2.在综合考察了孔子、孟子、董仲舒、扬雄等人的相关论述后，韩愈提出了“性三品”说。
下列关于“性三品”的说法错误的是：_________.A.“性”是与身俱来的先天本质B.“性”分为上、中、下三品C.“性”的内涵主要包括仁、义、礼、智、信五德D.“性”具体表现为喜、怒、哀、惧、爱、恶、欲七种情绪3._________是我国第一部纪传体的断代史，记事始于汉高祖，止于王莽末年，全书由十二本纪、八表、十志、七十列传组成，是《史记》之后史传散文的又一个高峰。
2015年考研英语二真题
2015年考研英语二真题IntroductionThe 2015 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (Gao Kao) English II Exam is an important test that assesses the English language proficiency of candidates seeking admission to postgraduate programs in China. In this article, we will analyze and discuss the exam questions from the 2015 English II paper, providing a comprehensive understanding of the topics and strategies needed to succeed in this exam.Section I: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2015 English II exam consisted of several passages with accompanying questions. These passages covered a range of topics including technology, history, and literature, offering candidates an opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of various subjects.Passage 1: TechnologyThe first passage focused on the impact of technology on society, specifically exploring the potential benefits and drawbacks of advancements in artificial intelligence. This passage required candidates to carefully read and analyze the arguments presented, evaluating the author's claims and providing evidence-based responses. The questions tested the students' ability to comprehend and critically evaluate the passage's content.Passage 2: HistoryThe second passage provided a historical account of the Great Fire of London in 1666. Candidates were required to identify key details and events from the passage, as well as understand the implications and consequences of this significant event in British history. The questions tested the candidates' ability to analyze and interpret historical texts.Passage 3: LiteratureThe third passage focused on a literary work by renowned author William Shakespeare. Candidates were presented with an excerpt from one of his plays and were required to analyze the themes, character development, and literary techniques employed. The questions tested the students' abilityto interpret and analyze complex literary texts.Section II: Language AbilityThe language ability section of the 2015 English II exam assessed candidates' knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and language usage. This section aimed to evaluate the candidates' understanding of the English language at an advanced level.Question 1: Grammar and SyntaxCandidates were required to identify and correct grammatical errors in a given sentence. This question tested the candidates' grammar knowledge, including verb tense, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure.Question 2: VocabularyCandidates were tested on their ability to understand and use advanced vocabulary by selecting the most appropriate word or phrase tocomplete a given sentence. This question assessed the candidates' vocabulary range and knowledge of word collocation.Question 3: Reading ComprehensionCandidates were presented with a short passage and required to answer questions based on their understanding of the text. This question tested the students' ability to comprehend and interpret written information.Section IV: WritingThe writing section of the 2015 English II exam required candidates to write a 200-word argumentative essay on a given topic within the time limit of 30 minutes. Candidates had to present and support their opinions effectively, showcasing their ability to construct a cohesive and persuasive argument.ConclusionThe 2015 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (Gao Kao) English II Exam served as a critical assessment of candidates' English language skills. By carefully analyzing and understanding the exam questions, applicants can better prepare themselves for the challenges they will face. By diligently practicing and familiarizing themselves with the format and content of the exam, candidates can improve their performance and increase their chances of success.。
华南理工大学考研试题2016年-2018年211翻译硕士英语
211华南理工大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译(专业学位)211华南理工大学2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译（专硕）211华南理工大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语笔译(专硕)A. People could explain well why they made their choices.B. Only a few of participants had choice blindness in making decision.C. Usually participants were aware of the limits of their skills.D. Most participants didn’t realize that their choices had been switched.44. Change blindness refers to the phenomenon that_________________.A. many people fail to notice the big change around themB. people tend to ignore the small changes in the surroundingsC. people’s choices can be easily interrupted by a big changeD. quite a few people do not have a good sense of directions45. What do researchers think is the drive for many everyday preferences?A. The haste judgment.B. The mechanism of self-feedback.C. The interaction with others.D. The expectation for the future.Passage fourRicky Gervais’s new film, The Invention of Lying, is about a world where lying doesn’t exist, which means that everybody tells the truth, and everybody believes everything everybody else says. “I’ve always hated you,”a man tells a work colleague. “He see ms nice, if a bit fat,” a woman says about her date. It’s all truth, all the time, at whatever the cost. Until one day, when Mark, a down-on-his-luck loser played by Gervais, discovers a thing called “lying” and what it can get him. Within days, Mark is rich, famous, and courting the girl of his dreams. And because nobody knows what “lying” is? he goes on, happily living what has become a complete and utter farce.It’s meant to be funny, but it’s also a more serious commentary on us all. As Americans, we like to think we value the truth. Time and time again, public-opinion polls show that honesty is among the top five characteristics we want in a leader, friend, or lover; the world is full of sad stories about the tragic consequences of betrayal. At the same time, deception is all around us. We are lied to by government officials and public figures to a disturbing degree; many of our social relationships are based on little white lies we tell each other. We deceive our children, only to be deceived by them in return. And the average person, says psychologist Robert Feldman, the author of a new book on lying, tells at least three lies in the first 10 minutes of a conversation. “There’s always been a lot of lying,” says Feldman，whose new book, The Liar in Your Life, came out this month. “But I do think we’re seeing a kind of cultural shift where we’re lying more, it’s easier to lie, and in some ways it’s almost more acceptable.”As Paul Ekman, one of Feldman’s longtime lying colleagues and the inspiration behind the Fox IV series “Lie To Me”defines it，a liar is a person who “intends tomislead,”“deliberately,”without being asked to do so by the target of the lie. Which doesn’t mean that all lies are equally toxic: some are simply habitual –“My pleasure!” -- while others might be well-meaning white lies. But each, Feldman argues, is harmful, because of the standard it creates. And the more lies we tell, even if they’re little white lies, the more deceptive we and society become.We are a culture of liars, to put it bluntly, with deceit so deeply ingrained in our mind that we hardly even notice we’re engaging in it. Junk e-mail, deceptive advertising, the everyday pleasantries we don’t really mean –“It’s so great to meet you! I love that dress”– have, as Feldman puts it, become “a white noise we’ve learned to neglect.” And Feldman also argues that cheating is more common today than ever. The Josephson Institute, a nonprofit focused on youth ethics, concluded in a 2008 survey of nearly 30,000 high school students that “cheating in school continues to be rampant, and it’s getting worse.” In that survey, 64 percent of students said they’d cheated on a test during the past year, up from 60 percent in 2006. Another recent survey, by Junior Achievement, revealed that more than a third of teens believe lying, cheating, or plagiarizing can be necessary to succeed, while a brand-new study, commissioned by the publishers of Feldman’s book, shows that 18-to 34-year-olds--- those of us fully reared in this lying culture --- deceive more frequently than the general population.Teaching us to lie is not the purpose of Feldman’s book. His subtitle, in fact, is “the way to truthful relationships.”But if his book teaches us anything, it’s that we should sharpen our skills — and use them with abandon.Liars get what they want. They avoid punishment, and they win others’ affection. Liars make themselves sound smart and intelligent, they attain power over those of us who believe them, and they often use their lies to rise up in the professional world. Many liars have fun doing it. And many more take pride in getting away with it.As Feldman notes, there is an evolutionary basis for deception: in the wild, animals use deception to “play dead” when threatened. But in the modem world, the motives of our lying are more selfish. Research has linked socially successful people to those who are good liars. Students who succeed academically get picked for the best colleges, despite the fact that, as one recent Duke University study found, as many as 90 percent of high-schoolers admit to cheating. Even lying adolescents are more popular among their peers.And all it takes is a quick flip of the remote to see how our public figures fare when they get caught in a lie: Clinton keeps his wife and goes on to become a national hero. Fabricating author James Frey gets a million-dollar book deal. Eliot Spitzer’s wi fe stands by his side, while “Appalachian hiker” Mark Sanford still gets to keep his post. If everyone else is being rewarded for lying，don’t we need to lie, too, just to keep up?But what’s funny is that even as we admit to being liars, study after study shows thatmost of us believe we can tell when others are lying to us. And while lying may be easy, spotting a liar is far from it. A nervous sweat or shifty eyes can certainly mean a person’s uncomfortable, but it doesn’t necessarily mean they’re lying. Gaze aversion, meanwhile, has more to do with shyness than actual deception. Even polygraph machines are unreliable. And according to one study, by researcher Bella DePaulo, we’re only able to differentiate a lie from truth only 47 percent of the time, less than if we guessed randomly. “Basically everything we’ve heard about catching a liar is wrong,”says Feldman, who heads the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Ekman, meanwhile, has spent decades studying micro-facial expressions of liars: the split-second eyebrow arch that shows surprise when a spouse asks who was on the phone; the furrowed nose that gives away a hint of disgust when a person says “I love you.” He’s trained everyone from the Secret Service to the TSA, and believes that with close study, it’s possible to identify those tiny emotions. The hard part, of course, is proving them. “A lot of times, it’s easier to believe,” says Feldman. “It takes a lot of cognitive effort to think about whether someone is lying to us.”Which mea ns that more often than not, we’re like the poor dumb souls of The Invention of Lying, hanging on a liar’s every word, no matter how untruthful they may be.46. What do we know about Mark in the film The Invention of Lying?A. He looks too thin for his date.B. He is the most honest man.C. Lying changes his life completely.D. He lives in a lying world.47. According to Robert Feldman, the author of The Liar in Your Life, Americans now_____________________.A. regard the truth as very importantB. tend to lie more often than beforeC. start a conversation with three liesD. hate to be deceived by their children48. How does Robert Feldman see little white lies?A. They do harm to both people and the society.B. They are more acceptable than habitual lies.C. They are necessary in the social relationships.D. They are good-intentioned and thus harmless.49. The survey of the Josephson Institute revealed in 2008 that____________.A. most students passed the examinations by cheatingB. few students realized the harm of deceivingC. lying had become a habit of many studentsD. cheating was spreading unrestrainedly in schools。
最新2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题真题及答案详解
【真题】2015考研真题（英语二）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the NewYork Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people‟s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn‟t measure is whether people are still doing work when they‟re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home frontlags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it‟s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it‟s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they‟re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they‟re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they‟re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it‟s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that highe r education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the …rules of the game,‟ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don‟t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge h ow social class can affect students ‟educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students‟ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn‟t talk about energy; we didn‟t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented—and not b y coincidence. “Let‟s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it‟s still a big deal. It‟s not explicitly conscious; it‟s the idea that I‟m a coach, and you‟re my team, and we‟re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of term inology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can‟t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg‟s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you‟ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it‟s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that‟s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven‟t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid[D] Obamacare‟s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don‟t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won‟t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature andeventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I‟ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provideconstant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that‟s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it‟s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don‟t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can‟t remember the journey well because we didn‟t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。
暨南大学_翻译硕士英语2015年_考研真题／硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：翻译硕士英语 共 11 页，第1页2015年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题*********************************************************************学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：英语笔译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. I have planned to have the meeting today, but it has been __________ until next Monday.A. cancelledC. called off B. postponedD. transferred2. A __________ is a person who chooses to die rather than abandon his or her religious belief.A. heroC. martyr B. patriotD. traitor3. __________ is the way in which written material is arranged and prepared for printing.A. TypographyC. hand-writing B. calligraphyD. typeface4. __________ is a place where people who are in danger from other people can go to be safe.A. SanctuaryC. Relics B. ParadiseD. Headquarter5. She decided to __________ the world and entered a convent.A. renounce C. reviveB. reproachD. revenge6. You describe a situation as a __________ when it involves two or more facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.A. conflict C. provisionB. dilemmaD. paradox7. Don't make __________ comments out of ignorance. Don't make improper comments before you know the whole story.A. presumptuous C. harshB. quickD. easy。
2015年华南理工大学MTI真题报录比参考书目分数线复试线
考北大的 MTI 的确很有挑战性。因为北大没有参考书目，很多同学可能觉得无处下手，其实我觉得不 然。有参考书目固然是好，但是没有也不代表考题就无迹可寻。经过历届学长学姐的研究发现，北大的翻 译比较偏文学性，尤其是篇章翻译，文学评论很常见。但这也构成了北大翻译的难点之一，因为大家都知 道，文学翻译是最不好把握的。在练习翻译的过程中，我选择了以下这几本书：
1．《高级英汉翻译教程》叶子南著，清华大学出版社出版； 2．《英汉简明翻译教程》庄绎传著； 3．二级笔译的教材和习题； 4．经济学人的网站．（尤其是艺术书籍的版块，当然时事和财经也有所涉猎） 5．张培基的英译散文选 ．（这个我只拿来欣赏了，张先生的水平果然不是你我后辈能企及的。） 6．《散文佳作 108 篇》．（这个也只是挑文章译的，没有从头到尾篇篇都翻译。） 这几本书里面，叶子南先生和庄绎传先生的书我是从头看到尾的，尤其是庄绎传的这本书，真的很好， 很适合刚刚入门时的练习。这里面的每一篇文章，无论是课文还是练习，我都是一个字一个字自己译过来，
刘江
本专业只能选 择 4414 华 南 理 工大学报考点 参加考试，不接 受异地报考
莫岳云
王福涛
王欧
韦曙林
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邬智 吴克昌 吴业国 叶贵仁 喻锋 臧俊梅 张鼎华 张凤凉 张建功 张树旺 张振刚 章熙春 郑方辉 钟玉英 朱一中
北京大学 MTI
系所名称 招生总数
外国语学院 141人。
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[考研类试卷]2015年华南理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2015年华南理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 It's been a nail-biting couple of weeks waiting for my results.2 Dear me, those girls were even as nervous as brick.3 These constant changes in the weather beat me.4 He gave up the sword for the plough.5 I could have laughed to read her thoughts.6 It is essential that the mechanic or technician understand well the characteristics of battery circuits and the proper methods for connecting batteries or cells.7 They were understandably reluctant to join the battle.8 The curtain has parted; the mystery is being dispelled.9 They love to read and be read to.10 You will be updated on the final tour dates and details of the itinerary in October.11 A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it is good, it cannot last too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.12 Greenland was not a continent, as people thought.13 Power banks are restricted in your carry-on luggage.14 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.汉译英15 港人治港，高度自治。
研究生考试考研英语一真题试题及答案
2015年研究生考试考研英语一真题试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. _(10)_, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similarfriends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving_(15)_than other genes. Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unreliable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory[C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading Comprehension Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with theirmagnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today—embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide theirold aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service — as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] eased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The developmentof “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had tospecify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handing one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered.Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or byoutside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of theAmerican Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we thepeople who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow thestories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s defence[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values.[B] unfair wealth distribution.[C] a marginalized lifestyle.[D] a rigid moral code.40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) __________________ You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues. (42) ________________Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactlythe same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) ________________________ This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)________________ Such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textualenvironment.A. Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.B. Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.C.If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.D. In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.E. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.F. In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak asconstructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.G. Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.答案：41—45 CEGBAPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survivedthe journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.答案：46. 在多种强大的动机驱使下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，就其本质而言，这种运动塑造了这个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2015年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point for each)Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. The eventual _____ of nuclear experiments takes time.A. abandonmentB. repressionC. exhaustionD. adaption【答案】A【解析】句意：最终放弃核实验是需要时间的。
abandonment抛弃，放弃。
repression 抑制。
exhaustion枯竭；耗尽。
adaption适应；改编本。
2. The student can no longer bear the new burdens _____ on him.A. carriedB. imposedC. enforcedD. transferred【答案】B【解析】句意：这个学生再也不能忍受强加在他身上的新负担了。
impose强加。
carry携带。
enforce实施，执行。
transfer使转移；调任。
3. Mr. Smith had to resign _____ his age.A. in the light ofB. on the basis ofC. in regard toD. on account of【答案】D【解析】句意：史密斯先生不得不因他的年龄而辞职。
on account of因为，由于。
考研英语一真题及答案详细解析
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar frien ds_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The cour t would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding C alifornia’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift thr ough the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have aright to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argu ment whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparab le to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds It s Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasi ngly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______Thi s doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental humanconcerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessa rily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal s tructures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways ina raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会参考答案及详细解析I cloze1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015年硕士英语考试真题及答案
2015年硕士英语考试真题及答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The 2015 Master's English ExamHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm in the 5th grade. My older brother Mike just took the master's English exam last year to get into a fancy university. It was really hard! He studied like crazy for months. I helped him practice some of the questions and I want to tell you all about the exam he took. It was crazy!The reading section was super long. Mike said there were passages about science, history, literature, you name it! They gave him these massive reading passages, then asked all these tiny detail questions to see if he actually read and understood everything. Some of the questions were easy, like "What color was the bird mentioned in paragraph 3?" But others were really hard. They'd ask him to infer things that weren't directly stated, or analyze the author's tone and attitude. Yikes!My favorite part was the vocabulary questions. They'd give Mike these super advanced vocabulary words, like "quintessential" or "ubiquitous." Then they'd ask him to choosethe right definition from a list of possibilities. Sometimes they wanted him to fill in the blank of a sentence with the correct word too. Vocabulary is my strongest subject so I thought those questions were kind of fun!Then there was the writing section. Mike had to write two essays, one analyzing an argument and one taking a position on an issue. The argument analysis made him read through a long persuasive passage full of evidence and examples. Then he had to pick apart the argument, discussing things like the assumptions, logic, evidence, and counterarguments. It reminded me of that critical thinking unit we did in class. For the issue essay, Mike had to take a stance on a controversial topic and build a solid case supporting his viewpoint using reasoning and examples. His topic was something about international trade policies. I'm glad I didn't have to write about that!But by far the hardest section for Mike was the speaking. He had to actually talk out loud and record his responses! For some questions, he saw a paragraph and had to read it aloud clearly and with good pronunciation. Easy for a reading superstar like me, but Mike always struggled with that. Then they showed him a graphic like a chart or diagram, and he had to describe it in detail just from memory. The final speaking task was wild - Mikehad to choose between two противоположные мнения and defend одно из них как аргумент, backing it up with specific examples and reasoning spontaneously. No notes, no preparation, just free-flowing speech! I don't know how he pulled that one off.When Mike finally finished the whole exam, he was exhausted. But he felt pretty good about it overall. We're still waiting to hear if he got accepted to that fancy school. I sure hope so after all that hard work! As for me, I'm staying far away from anything called a "master's exam" until I'm much, much older. Third grade reading and math is hard enough! Let me know if you want to see Mike's actual exam with the reading passages and question prompts. I managed to...borrow...his test booklet after he was done. But shhh, don't tell anyone! An elementary school super-spy has to keep some secrets.篇22015 Master's English Exam - The Whole Truth From a KidHey guys! You'll never believe what happened to me last week. My big sister Emily is in grad school studying to be an English teacher. She had to take this huge exam called the Master's English exam. It's supposed to be really hard with allthese reading passages, essays to write, and grammar questions. Emily was stressing out big time!The night before the exam, she was up late cramming all the practice tests and study guides. I felt bad for her so I snuck into her room with some warm milk and cookies to help her relax. That's when I saw her exam materials just sitting there on her desk! My curiosity got the better of me and I took a peek.Well, one peek turned into reading the whole thing cover to cover. I couldn't help myself! The passages were actually kind of interesting. There was one about the history of computers that talked about these huge ancient machines that took up entire rooms. Can you imagine?! And another one discussed barriers that women faced in becoming scientists back in the 1800s. It was just fascinating stuff.The grammar questions weren't too tricky either. Identifying verb tenses, fixing run-on sentences, spotting misplaced modifiers - that's child's play compared to the games me and my friends come up with at recess. We ought to be teaching the grammar lessons!As for the essay prompts, I got the urge to just start writing. One prompt asked you to discuss an obstacle you overcame and how it changed your perspective. I wrote a killer essay about thetime I fell off the monkey bars and broke my arm, but refused to cry because crying is for babies. Taking the tough route built my inner strength and bravery that day. The graders would have eaten that essay up, I'm telling you!Another prompt wanted you to analyze the importance of preserving cultural traditions in an increasingly globalized world. Hello, my family is Indian and we go all out for Diwali every year!I had so many rich examples about the beautiful clothing, bright lights, amazing food, and most importantly the bonding between generations as we celebrate together. Nailed it!By the end, I had the whole exam completed - every single reading passage, grammar question, and essay outlined and ready to rock. I just had to see if my stellar work would get a passing score.Using Emily's scoring guide, I graded my exam...drumroll please...and I got an A+ Obviously my sister didn't need to stress so much. I slid the test back onto her desk, grinning at my secret accomplishment.The next day after Emily's exam, she came home looking defeated. I asked how it went and she said, "Let's just say you won't be calling me 'Master' Emily anytime soon. That thing was BRUTAL!" I just smiled, nodded, and offered her a couple of myfamous homemade chocolate chip cookies to make her feel better.Little does she know her dummy little brother just crushed the test behind her back! Hah, I should have been the one to get the Master's degree. But don't worry, I'll let Emily believe she actually earned that thing...for now. The secret's safe with me.篇32015 Master's English Exam: A Kid's ViewHi everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. My big sister Katie is studying to become a master at the university. Last year, she had to take this crazy hard test called the Master's English Exam. It was full of really tough questions that even made my parents scratch their heads! But Katie studied super duper hard and she rocked that test. Let me tell you all about it!The Reading SectionThe first part was all about reading. There were some long, boring passages to read. I probably would have fallen asleep halfway through! But not my sis. She's a reading master. One passage was about the history of zipline tours. Who even cares about that? There were questions like "According to the passage,what was the main reason ziplines became popular in Costa Rica?" I'd be like "Uhhh, because people thought it would be fun to fly through the air while attached to a cable?"Another reading had to do with changes in urban planning over the years. Unfortunately, I can't remember much else, because my mind wandered to thinking about my Pokemon cards. Sorry! The questions were sick hard though. Things like "Which of the following statements from the passage best describes the author's main claim?" I'd just pick C for all of those.The Writing SectionThen came the writing part, which was a million times worse in my opinion. Katie had to write a whole essay about whether broadcasters should be allowed to use offensive language on television. Writing is like my worst nightmare! She had to take a stance, provide examples, consider different perspectives, and structure her thoughts logically. No thanks!There was also a second writing task where Katie summarized the key points made in a lecture and reading passage. The lecture was about environmental policies and climate change. I can't imagine anything more mind-numbing than listening to a long lecture and trying to write a nice summary. Just thinking about it makes me want to take a nap!The Speaking SectionIf you thought those sections were hard, hold onto your hats for the speaking part! Katie had to give spoken responses to a bunch of questions, all while being recorded. The first question was an opinion one, where she had to explain her views on whether internships should be paid or unpaid. I'd just be like "Ummm, paid please! Money is awesome!"Then she had to look at a picture and describe it in as much detail as possible, like the colors, shapes, what the people were doing, stuff like that. For one of them she had to describe a graph tracking enrollment numbers over time. Sheesh, I'm already sweating just thinking about doing all that speaking!The final speaking task was totally bonkers. Katie read a passage about new technologies in public transportation. Then she had to summarize the key points, and give her opinion on the author's views, all in a tight time limit. If it was me, I'd probably say something like "Yeah public transportation is cool I guess. Except for buses because they're smelly and have chewing gum all over them. Did I summarize it good?"The Listening SectionPhew, those first three sections sound impossible, right? Well, there was still the mega difficult listening part to go! Katie had to listen to recordings of conversations and lectures, then answer comprehension questions about the main points, opinions stated, and implied meanings.For one of the conversations, it took place between a student and university advisor. They talked about things like changing majors and fulfilling requirements. If you asked me what it was about, I'd probably just respond "Umm...school stuff?" The questions were nuts like "What was the student's primary reason for making the appointment?" No clue! I'd just pick C again.Another listening passage was a lecture from an archeology professor about some recent excavation in Egypt. It covered all these dates, places, and ancient civilizations that I can't even pronounce. The questions asked specific details that I never could have caught, like the names of the artifacts discovered. I'd be completely lost!The Integrated TasksAs if those reading, writing, speaking, and listening sections weren't hard enough, there were also combined tasks that Katie had to do. For example, read a passage about urban planningstrategies, listen to a lecture discussing the same topic, then write a essay contrasting the key points made in each. Could you imagine?!For another integrated task, she read a passage about the environmental impact of air travel. Then she listened to two students discussing the reading. Afterwards, Katie summarized the gist of the conversation including their perspectives in her own words. I can't even summarize the plot of a 22 minute cartoon show!The AnswersNow let me briefly go over some of the answers Katie came up with for the test. Obviously I can't reveal them all or that would be cheating. But here's a little peek:For the writing essay about offensive language on TV, Katie argued that while free speech is important, broadcasters have a responsibility to avoid excessive profanity and hate speech that could be disturbing or offensive to viewers.For the unpaid internships speaking question, she said she believes internships should be paid positions, at least minimum wage. She gave examples of how unpaid work could be exploitative, especially for students without financial support.Katie's summary for the public transportation lecture emphasized how new technologies like smartphone apps and automated systems were making public transit easier and more efficient in many urban areas.In her contrast essay for the integrated task, Katie analyzed the differing perspectives in the reading and lecture regarding challenges and strategies for urban development and renewal.See what I mean? This master's exam was absolutely insane! I'm getting tired just talking about it. Katie is seriously a genius for doing so well.That's all I've got to share about my big sis' crazy experience with the 2015 Master's English Exam. I don't know how she kept her cool through all those intense tasks. If you happened to take that exam too, let me know how you did! And try not to brag too much if you killed it - some of us are still working on reading and writing at an 8-year-old level. Catch you later!篇42015 Master's English Exam Question and Answer (Kid's Voice)Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm gonna tell you all about this crazy test I took last year. It was called the "Master's English Exam" but I'm only 10 years old, so I don't know why they let me take a grown-up test like that. But anyway, here's what happened!The test had four sections - listening, reading, writing, and speaking. I was pretty nervous for the listening part because sometimes I zone out when people talk for too long. But it wasn't too bad! They just played some audio clips about random topics like how ice cream is made or why dogs chase cats. After each clip, they asked a few questions to see if you understood the main ideas. Easy peasy!Then we had to do the reading section. This was the hardest part for me because the passages were sooooo long and boring. Like, who wants to read a giant essay about the history of paper clips? Not this kid! The questions were okay though. They just asked stuff like "what was the main idea?" and "which of the following is NOT mentioned?" As long as you didn't fall asleep while reading, you could probably get through it.Next up was the writing section, which was actually kind of fun! The prompt was "Describe your favorite place to visit and why you like it." I wrote all about my grandma's house becauseshe has a huge backyard with a treehouse and a stream where I can catch frogs and tadpoles. I worked really hard on my grammar and vocabulary too, throwing in great words like "beckon" and "serenity." Hopefully I impressed those test graders!The very last part was the speaking section, which was a little strange. You had to go into this tiny room alone with a recording device and answer some opinion questions that popped up on the computer. One of them was "Some people think kids should not have to go to school in the summer. How would you respond to this view?" I basically just rambled about how summer break is awesome because you can sleep in late and play video games all day. Not sure if that's what they wanted to hear, but at least I got some good practice speaking English!Well, that's pretty much all the details I can remember about that brutal Master's English Exam. Taking a test meant for grown-ups was no joke, let me tell you! My poor little kid brain was fried by the end of it. I'm just hoping I did okay so I can go to a good college one day. Although honestly, being a professional video game player sounds way more fun. A boy can dream, right?Anyway, let me know if you have any other questions! I'll do my best to use proper English and big vocabulary words instead of just saying things like "That test was super duper hard!" Oh wait, I guess I just did that. Oops! Better luck next time, Timmy.篇52015 Master's English Exam - A Kid's TellingHi there! My name is Sophie and I'm 10 years old. My big sister Jessica just took the crazy hard master's English exam last year in 2015. She's really smart but even she said it was super difficult. I helped her study for it though, and I got to see a lot of the practice questions and stuff. Let me tell you all about that big important test!First off, the reading section was no joke. There were these massively long passages about history, science, literature, you name it. And the questions were really tricky too. Like one might ask what the main idea of paragraph 5 was, but that paragraph didn't really have one main point - it was talking about a bunch of different things! Jessica had to read very carefully to pick up on all the details.Then there were the vocab questions testing if you knew the precise meaning and usage of crazy advanced words like"proclivity" or "sanguine." I had no clue what those meant, but thank goodness Jessica already knew all that stuff from years of reading. The questions would give you a sentence with the word blanked out, and you'd have to figure out which definition fit best in that context. So not just vocab memorization - you had to do a lot of critical thinking too.Then we get to the writing section, which was in two parts: first an essay prompt, and then revising a rough draft of an argument essay. For the essay, you had to write a whole persuasive essay in like 45 minutes! The prompts could be about anything from technology to education to the environment. You had to take a clear stance, use solid examples and reasoning, organize it all logically, and have flawless grammar too. Talk about pressure!As for revising that argument essay draft - boy, was that a nightmare. The draft would have all kinds of silly mistakes, repetition, lack of clear flow, you name it. And you'd have to go through and answer multiple choice questions about how to correct each individual error and improve the whole thing. It really tested your eye for detail and ability to communicate ideas effectively in writing.Finally, the speaking section literally had me sweating! You had to go in a soundproof room, put on headphones, and then a recording would give you prompts to speak about for 60 seconds at a time. The test graders were literally evaluating your pronunciation, grammar, vocab usage, fluency, everything!Some prompts asked you to explain a personal preference, like your favorite book. Others were more academic, like having to summarize the core ideas from a short lecture you heard through the headphones. Or you might have to take a stance and present a persuasive argument about some controversial issue. No time for "umms" or "uhhs" - you had to just go with clear, natural speech from the get-go.I was amazed at how poised and well-spoken Jessica was during all her practice tests. Me, I would've been a babbling mess for sure! She put in so much hard work though, going through practice materials, taking tons of mock tests, getting feedback from tutors, and drilling her English skills over and over again.When exam day came, she was ready. She emerged from that 4-hour test a warrior! Maybe a very mentally drained and slightly traumatized warrior...but she made it through in one piece at least.A few months later, Jessica's scores came back and she totally aced it! All that intense preparation really paid off for her. Her speaking and writing were extremely strong, and she did well on the other sections too despite how tough they were. She's now doing her master's program at a top university.As for me, I still have about 8 more years before I'll be taking any crazy English exams like that! But I got great practice helping Jessica get ready, and I have a much better idea of what to expect. I just hope my exam days won't be quite as intense as what she went through. Wish me luck - I've got to go study now before Ms. Wilson's spelling test tomorrow! Bye!篇62015 Master's English Exam Questions and AnswersHi everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm 10 years old. I just took the 2015 Master's English exam last week and boy was it hard! I thought I'd share some of the questions and answers with you in case you want to take it someday too.The first section was listening comprehension. They played these really long conversations and lectures and then asked questions about them after. One was about a student talking to his professor about doing an internship over the summer. I hadto answer things like what the internship was for and where it was located. The answers weren't always obvious from what they said! Another listening was this crazy long lecture on the history of the printing press. I could barely stay awake, let alone remember all the details to answer the questions. Yawn!Next up was reading comprehension. We had to read all these super boring passages and answer questions on the main ideas, writers' purposes, vocabulary in context, that kind of thing. One passage was about the impacts of commercial whaling which was sad but interesting. Another was on the philosophy of Aristotle which went completely over my head. How am I supposed to know what he was talking about? I'm only 10!The writing section was probably the hardest part. First we had to read a short argument about something and then summarize the author's view and respond with our own opinion. The sample I got was about allowing more commercial advertising in schools. Can you believe some schools actually do that?! Then we had to write a full essay from scratch on a general topic, taking a clear position. I wrote mine on why kids should get less homework. Hopefully the grader agrees with me on that one!Lastly, there were sections testing our knowledge of English grammar, vocabulary, and idioms/phrases. We had to identify errors in sentences, define hard vocabulary words, and explain the meanings of idioms like "getting cold feet." English is my first language and even I struggled with some of those obscure words and sayings. Who comes up with this stuff?All in all, it was a really challenging exam. I'm not sure how well I did, but I gave it my best shot. A few weeks from now I'll get my score back and find out if I passed or failed. Wish me luck! If you're thinking of taking this Master's exam yourself, be sure to study hard. It's no walk in the park, that's for sure.Phew, I'm exhausted just recounting all that. Time for a snack break! Thanks for reading, friends. Let me know if you have any other questions!。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析
2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔一〕试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “rela ted〞as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.〞The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_〞functional Kinship〞of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.〞But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere〞politics and “embody〞a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continui ng popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchieshave largely survived because they provide a service –as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear〞because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone —a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, rifling through a sus pect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they siftthrough the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may cont ain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,〞meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a war rant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is qu oted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,〞writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application o f statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.〞Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.〞He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.〞John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward〞and “long overdue.〞“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,〞he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2021, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process〞. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place〞.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up〞(Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ D esks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions〞Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism 〞in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit 〞.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the abs ence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.〞This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be sosurprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. Th e author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, forinstance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true〞meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.〞said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.〞The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会参考答案及详细解析I cloze1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考察的是语法知识。
2015年华南理工大学研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题及答案
2015年华南理工大学研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：100.00)1.英译汉_________________________________________________________________________________ _________2.It's been a nail-biting couple of weeks waiting for my results._________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________ 正确答案：(等结果的这几个星期，我坐卧不安。
)3.Dear me, those girls were even as nervous as brick._________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________ 正确答案：(我的天哪，那些姑娘们居然一点儿也不紧张。
2012年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年华南理工大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points, 1 point for each) Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Economics applies directly to how we earn our income and _____.A. how to spend our moneyB. how we spend our moneyC. the way we spend our moneyD. the way our money is spent【答案】B【解析】句意：经济学直接运用在我们如何挣钱和如何消费当中。
答案中四个选项的表述都是正确的，但and连接的两个成分是并列的，因此选择与how we can earn our money 结构对称的how we spend our money。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
2. The product must be priced _____ it competes effectively with rival products in the same market.A. as suchB. in such awayC. so thatD. so【答案】C【解析】句意：这个产品必须要有合理的定价，这样的话它能在同类市场中有效地与对手的产品竞争。
2015年考研英语真题及解析
2015年考研英语一真题及解析Section IDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fou rth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_‖functional Kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The f indings do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell答案：1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
【精品推荐】2015年考研英语真题及解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)We have more genes in common with people we pick to be our friends than with strangers.Though not biologically related,friends are as"related"as fourth cousins, sharing about1%of genes.That is1a study publishedfrom the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has2.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted31932unique subjects which4pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both5.While1%may seem6,it is not so to a geneticist.As co-author of the study James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says,"Most people do not even 7t heir fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who8our kin."The team9developed a"friendship score"which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study also found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain,for now.10,as the team suggests,it draws us11similar environments but there is more to it.There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that12us in choosing genetically similar friends13"functional kinship"of being friends with 14!One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving15than other genes.Studying this could help16why human evolution picked pace in the last30,000years,with social environment being a major17factor.The findings do not simply corroborate people's18to befriend those of similar et19backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to20that all subjects,friends and strangers were taken from the same population.The team also controlled the data to1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.[A]defended[B]concluded[B]with[C]withdrawn[C]on[D]advised[D]by.[A]for.[A]compared.[A]tests[B]sought[B]objects[C]separated[C]samples[C]unreliable[C]seek[D]connected[D]examples[D]incredible[D]know.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected.[A]visit[B]miss.[A]resemble.[A]again[B]influence[B]also[C]favor[D]surpass[D]thus[C]instead[C]Likewise[C]from0.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[D]Perhaps[D]like1.[A]about2.[A]drive[B]to[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit3.[A]according to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D]along with4.[A]chances5.[A]later[B]responses[B]slower[C]missions[C]faster[D]benefits[D]earlier6.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express[C]controllable[D]disruptive[C]arrangement[D]tendency7.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory8.[A]endeavor9.[A]political0.[A]see[B]decision[B]religious[B]show[C]ethnic[C]prove[D]economic[D]tellSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted“kings don’t abdicate,they die in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarised,as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above“mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity as heads of state.And so,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with10 kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for anon-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today——embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters).Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary(ifwell-heeled)granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service——as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the monarchy’s worst enemies. 21.According to the first two Paragraphs,King Juan Carlosof Spain________.[ [ [ [A]used to enjoy high public supportB]was unpopular among European royalsC]eased his relationship with his rivalsD]ended his reign in embarrassment22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly________.[ [ [ [A]owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB]to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC]to give voters more public figures to look up toD]due to their everlasting political embodiment23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph4?[ [ [ [A]Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth.B]The role of the nobility in modern democracies.C]The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.24.The British royals“have most to fear”because Charles________.[ [ [ [A]takes a rough line on political issuesB]fails to change his lifestyle as advisedC]takes republicans as his potential alliesD]fails to adapt himself to his future role25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[ [ [ [A]Carlos,Glory and Disgrace CombinedB]Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC]Carlos,a Lesson for All European MonarchsD]Charles,Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Court will now considerwhether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard, the state argues,for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.Enough of the implications are discernable,even obvious,so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police,lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to,say,going through a suspect’s purse.The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history,financial history,medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of“cloud computing,”meanwhile,has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life.Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case,stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing.In many cases,it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents.They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe,urgent circumstances,and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant.The court,though,may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.Orin Kerr,a law professor,compares theexplosion and accessibility of digital information in the21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the20th:The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now. 26.The Supreme Court will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate to______.[ [ [ [A]prevent suspects from deleting their phone contentsB]search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrantC]check suspects’phone contents without being authorizedD]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones27.The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of________.[ [ [ [A]disapprovalB]indifferenceC]toleranceD]cautiousness28.The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to________.[ [ [ [A]getting into one’s residenceB]handling one’s historical recordsC]scanning one’s correspondencesD]going through one’s wallet29.In Paragraph5and6,the author shows his concern that________.[ [ [ [A]principles are hard to be clearly expressedB]the court is giving police less room for actionC]citizens’privacy is not effectively protectedD]phones are used to store sensitive information30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that________.[ [ [ [A]the Constitution should be implemented flexiblyB]new technology requires reinterpretation of the ConstitutionC]California’s argument violates principles of the ConstitutionD]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistic board of reviewing editors(SBoRE).Manuscript will beflagged upfor additional scrutiny by thejournal’s internal editors,or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group,says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis,a physician who studies research methodology,says that the policy is“a most welcome step forward”and“long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review,and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that,for the majority of scientific papers nowadays,statistical review is more essential than expert review,”he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such asAnnals of Internal Medicine,the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data,but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research,according to David Vaux,a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards,he wrote in2012,but journals should also take a tougher line,“engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.”Vaux says thatScience’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians“has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’in the first place”.31.It can be learned from Paragraph1that________.[ [ [ [A]Science intends to simplify its peer-review processB]journals are strengthening their statistical checksC]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysisD]lack of data analysis is common in research projects32.The phrase“flagged up”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to________.[ [ [ [A]foundB]markedC]revisedD]stored33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may________.[ [ [ [A]pose a threat to all its peersB]meet with strong oppositionC]increase Science’s circulationD]set an example for other journals34.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now________.[ [ [ [A]adds to researchers’workloadB]diminishes the role of reviewersC]has room for further improvementD]is to fail in the foreseeable future35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[ [ [ [A]Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB]Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC]Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD]Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText4Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity acrossso many of our institutions.”Integrity had collapsed,she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society should be profit and the market.But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit.”Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes——finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor,Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands,Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This long story still unfolds.In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world,it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency,flexibility, shareholder value,business–friendly,wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers,circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.MsBrooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instructions—nor received traceable,recorded answers.36.According to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset by________.[ [ [ [A]the consequences of the current sorting mechanismB]companies’financial loss due to immoral practicesC]governmental ineffectiveness on moral issuesD]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions37.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[ [ [ [A]Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crimeB]more journalists may be found guilty of phone hackingC]Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the chargeD]phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions38.The author believes the Rebekah Books’s defence________.[ [ [ [A]revealed a cunning personalityB]centered on trivial issuesC]was hardly convincingD]was part of a conspiracy39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows________.[ [ [ [A]generally distorted valuesB]unfair wealth distributionC]a marginalized lifestyleD]a rigid moral code40.Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[ [ [ [A]The quality of writing is of primary importance.B]Common humanity is central to news reporting.C]Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D]Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)_______.You begin to infer a context for the text,for instance,by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved.Who is making the utterance,to whom,when and where？The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_______Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or“true”meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to the world.(43)_______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)_______.This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page---including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns---debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______.Such dimensions of reading suggest---as others introduced later in the book will also do---that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together,they make up the reading component of your overall literacy,or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course?Readingit simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender,ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meaning,using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences,for instance,about how the text may be significant to you,or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and [contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.(46)This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nation out of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity,colonial America was a projection of Europe.Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.(48)But,the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which,although it resembled European society in many ways,had a character that was distinctly American.(49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America.In the meantime,thriving Spanish colonies had been established inMexico,the West Indies,and South America.These travelers to North America came in small,unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage,they survived on barely enough food allotted to them.Many of the ships were lost in storms,many passengers died of disease,and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course,and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.Said one recorder of events,“The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash,dyes and naval stores. Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:You are going to host a club reading session.Write an email of about100words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should1 2 3)describe the drawing briefly)explain its intended meaning,and )give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)手机时代的聚会2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2014年7月15日International Business Times上一篇题为“DNA of Friendship:Study Finds Weare Genetically Linked to Our Friends”（DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）的文章。
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华南理工大学
2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：翻译硕士英语
适用专业：英语笔译(专业学位)
共13页Part I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point for each)
Directions:After each statement there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Select the only one choice that best completes the statement.Write your answers on
your ANSWER SHEET
1.The eventual_________of nuclear experiments takes time.
A.abandonment
B.repression
C.exhaustion
D.adaption
2.The student can no longer bear the new burdens_________on him.
A.carried
B.imposed
C.enforced
D.transferred
3.Mr.Smith had to resign_________his age.
A.in the light of
B.on the basis of
C.in regard to
D.on account of
4.Arthur Hailey______two weeks______in August and then felt his health improving.
A.put…off
B.turned…off
C.took…off
D.saw…off
5.It is sometimes difficult to__________what is said over an airport loudspeaker.
A.make out
B.work out
C.find out
D.figure out
6.She__________for her spectacles in her bag,only to find them gone.
A.fetched
B.snatched
C.seized
D.groped
7.There were100people__________in the auditorium.
A.above all
B.with all
C.in all
D.at all
8.Memorial Day is a__________to the dead soldiers.
A.tribulation
B.tribute
C.contribution
D.attribute
9.The arms race__________a threat to world-wide peace.
A.substitutes
B.institutes
C.constitutes
D.restitutes
10.You’ve_________us an awkward question;we have to beat our brains for an answer.
A.exposed
B.imposed
C.posed
D.posited
11.The team leader encouraged his men to use their ability__________.
A.at full
B.at the full
C.in full
D.to the full
12.The man who gave us a lecture on economic reform yesterday was an__________ sociologist.
A.eminent
B.imminent
C.illuminating
D.illustrative
13.One must not__________his/her authority for personal gain.
第1页。