1.美国文学欣赏_课件Benjamin_Franklin
美国文学(本杰明富兰克林)
American literatureChapter 1 The Embryo of American Literature1、Benjamin FranklinA Brief Introduction of Benjamin FranklinFranklin was one of the leading founding fathers of the United States of America. He was a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence and was one of its signatories(签名人)。
He also signed the Constitution of the United States, and served as the new nation’s ablest diplomat. Franklin was also unequaled in America as an inventor until Thomas Edison. He invented the Franklin stove(火炉，窖，温室)，bifocal eyeglasses and the lightning rod.※BiographyBenjamin Franklin was born on January 17,1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest child ,and tenth boy of 17 children. Franklin’s formal schooling ended early but his education never did. He believed that “the door to wisdom are never shut,” and read every book he could get his hands on. Franklin taught himself simple algebra and geometry ,navigation, logic, history, science, English grammar and a working knowledge of five other languages.Franklin had a simple formula for success. He believed that successful people worked just a little harder than other people. Benjamin Franklin certainly did. He built a successful printing and publishing business in Philadelphia; he conducted scientific studies of electricity and made several important discoveries; he was an accomplished diplomat and statesman; he helped establish Pennsylvania’s first university and America’s first city hospital. He also organized the country’s first subscription library.Franklin had strong belief that good citizenship included an obligation of public service. Franklin himself served the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the new United States of America, in one way or the other, for most of his life. To Benjamin Franklin there was no greater purpose in life than to“live usefully.”※The Works·Poor Richard’s Almanac.1733·The Way to Wealth,1758·Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin ，1791·Benjamin Franklin’s Thirteen Virtues1TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.2SIlENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.3ORDER.Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.4RESOLUTION.Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.5FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e.,waste nothing.6INDUSTRY.Lose no time;be always employeed in something useful; cut off all unneccessary actions.7. SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.8. JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.9. MODERATION. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.10. CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation.11. TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.12. CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dulness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.13. HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates.※Selected ReadingToo Dear for the WhistleWhen I was a child of seven years old , my friends , on a holiday ,filled my pocket with coppers . I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children . Being charmed with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way , in the hands of another boy , I handed over all my money for one . I then came home , went whistling all over house , much pleased with my whistle , but disturbing all my family .My brother and sister and cousins ,when I told of the bargain I had made,said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth . They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation(n.苦恼，恼怒，令人烦恼的事) . Thinking about the matter gave me more chagrin than the whistle gave me pleasure.This , however , was afterwards of use to me , for the impression continued on my mind . so that often , when I was tempted to buy something I do not need . I said to myself . “Don't give too much for the whistle ,”and I saved my money . As I grew up , came into the world，and observed the actions of men . I thought I met with many ,very many ,who “gave too much for the whistle .”When I saw some man too eager for cout favour, wasting his time at court getherings ,giving up his rest , his liberty ,his virtue, and perhaps his friends ,for royal favour , I said to myself “This man gives too much for the whistle.”When I saw another fond of popularity , constantly taking part in political affairs ,neglecting his own business ,and ruining it by neglect , “He pays , indeed ,”said I , “too dear for his whistle .”If I knew a miser（守财奴，吝啬鬼）who gave up every kind of comfortable living , all the pleasure of doing good to others , all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship , for the sake of gathering and keeping wealth —“Poor man.”said I , “you pay too dear for your whistle .”When I met a man of pleasure , who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but merely devoted himself to having a good time ,perhaps neglecting his health ,“Mistaken man,”said I , “you are providing pain for yourself , instead of pleasure ; you are paying too dear for your whistle .”If I saw someone fond of appearance of who had fine clothes , fine houses , fine furniture , fine earrings , all above his fortune , and for which he had run into debt ,and ends his career in a prison .“Alas,”said I , “he has paid dear , very dear , for his whistle . ”In short the miseries of mankind are largely due to their putting a false value on things —to giving “too much for their whistles”.。
Benjamin Franklin
• 光学：他发明了老人用的双焦距眼镜，能够看清近处及远处的事 物，并且因此最先解释了北极光。
发明了口琴、摇椅、路灯、避雷针。 发现了墨西哥海湾的海流。 最先绘制暴风雨推移图。 发现人们呼出气体的有害性。 发现了颗粒肥料。 设计出夏天穿的白色亚麻服装，设计了最早的游泳眼镜和蛙噗。 制定了新闻传播法。 最先组织了消防厅。 创立了近代的邮信制度。 创立了议员的近代选举法。
读书
• 1 读书是易事，思索是难事，但两者缺一，便全无用处。 • 2 诚实和勤勉应该成为你永久的伴侣。 • 3 读书是我唯一的娱乐，我不把时间浪费与酒店、赌博或者任何 一种低劣的游戏。 • 学而不能致用的人是一头背着书的牛马。蠢驴是否知道它背上背 的是一堆书而不是一捆柴？
勤奋与光阴
• 1 懒鬼起来吧！别再浪费时间，将来在坟墓内有足够的时 间让你睡的。 • 2 懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体；常使用的钥匙 ，总是闪闪亮的。 • 切勿坐耗时光，须知每刻都有无穷的利息；日计不足，岁 月有余。 • 3 不劳苦，无所得 • 4 时间就是生命，时间就是金钱。 • 5 今日能做的事，勿延至明日。 • 6勤劳的人，饥饿过其门而不入
行为习惯
• • • • • 1 恶习知道自己委实很丑陋，所以往往戴了假面具。 2 虚伪和欺诈师一切罪恶之母。 3 真话说一半常是弥天大谎。 4 饮食节制常常使人头脑清醒，思想敏捷。 5 早眠早起，使人健康，富有，明智。
THAT'S ALL
THANK YOU!!
• A man wrapped up in himself makes a very small bundle. • -------Benjamin franklin, inventer • 一个只关心自己的人只能成就很小的事。
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
美国文学 富兰克林传.ppt
Literary Giant: Benjamin Franklin
Major works
Poor Richard's Almanack 2.The Autobiography 1.
Poor Richard's Almanack
Poor Richard's Almanac (1733-1758) took Franklin twentyfive years to contrive homely aphorism out of whatever source he could tap and improve most of then with his gift for pungenct and imagery.
The Autobiography
In his Autobiography , told how and when he began to write it "Memoires De La Vie Privee...,”1791,in Paris The first English translation, "The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin ”,1793,in London
"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin”was written for Franklin's son William The work portrays a fascinating picture of life in Philadelphia The first five chapters were written in England in 1771,resumed in 1784-1785 in Paris,and later in 1788 in the US
Benjamin-Franklin本杰明富兰克林 PPT
Content
changing.
• 省一文等于挣一文；聚沙可以成塔，积水可以成河 。 • 早睡早起,使人健康、富有和聪明 。 • 天助自助者 。 • 小小开支不可随意，小小漏洞会沉大船。 • 吃饭是为了活着,活着不是为了吃饭。 • 选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎。
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 《本杰明·富兰克林自传》
Serving god best is to contribute your talent
to the people and community
Franklin’s Contributions to Science
A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm); first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges.
Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790)
content
1. Life Experience 2. Great Contributions 3. Literary Worperience
He was born in Boston, the youngest son of a poor craftsman on January 17,1706. He had little formal education, but he taught himself by reading widely.
美国文学概述Lecture2BenjaminFranklin
美国文学概述Lecture2BenjaminFranklinBenjamin Franklin (1706-1790)Social Background●freedom from restraint;●age of revolutions●experimentation in science;●the presence of the frontier;●growth in nationalism;●growth in materialism;●the age of the gifted amateur;●belief in progressivism.●His life:Born into a poor candle makers family; the 15th of his father’s 17childrenHad very little formal educationWas apprenticed to his older brother at 12Ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune at 17A printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, orator, statesman,philosopher, political economist, ambassadorThe only American to sign the four documents that created the USOne of the makers of the new nation●Poor Richard’s Almanac:containing witty maxims for achieving wealth as a result of hard work and thrift.●“Lost time is never found again.”“A penny saved is a penny earned.”“God help them that help themselves.”“Earl y to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.”The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin☆A record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity.☆The book demonstrates Franklin’s confident belief that the new world of American was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.☆The book celebrates the fulfillment of the American dream.☆It is a Puritan document of self-examination and self-improvement.☆The spirit of self-reliance, originating from Puritan ethics, bloomed in the next century into Emerson’s Transcendentalism.●Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as arecord of American’s first self-made man and for its literary style.●It follows the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. (the plainness of itsstyle, the homeliness of imagery, the simplicity of diction, syntax and expression)●It is often considered the first American book to be taken seriously by Europeans asliterature.●William Dean Howells asserted that "Franklin's is one of the greatest autobiographies inliterature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."“To His So n”●The Autobiography opens with a sal utation to Ben Franklinson, William Franklin, who atthe time was the royal governor of New Jersey.●Franklin is writing in the summer of 1771 on vacation in a small town about 50 milessouth of London.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?●He assumes that his son might be interested in knowing the circumstances of his life.●He claims to write so that his own life may be an example for his son of how one can livewell and how one can get through hardships.●He has enjoyed his life and would lik e to repeat it. But since he cannot repeat life, he caninstead recollect it.●He admits that he wants to gratify his own vanity.●His motive for writing, as well as Franklin's mention of correcting some errors were he torelive his life, both indicate Franklin's constant interest in self-improvement. This is perhaps the most important theme in the Autobiography.A Summary of “T o His Son”:●Franklin says that he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to recordhis past for his son.●He s tates his motives for writing his autobiography.●He thanks God for allowing him to live a good life.“The Arrival in Philadelphia”Ben and his brother:●Ben and James, often fought over trifling matters.●When James was jailed for political reasons, Ben h ad thechance to take over thenewspaper briefly,●Ben held the job in name even after James was released under the stipulation that Jamescould no longer work on the paper.●After another fight with James, Ben suddenly broke his contract and quit his job.●James immediately instructed the other printers in Boston not to hire his brother, and as aresult, Ben realizes that he would have to travel to a different city if he wished to find work.One of His First Errata●Franklin mentions his "first errata," wh en he quits his job with his brother.●His mention of his errors blends in well with the overall theme of self-improvement.●He wants to make it clear that he has never acted perfectly in all situations, and he wishesto indicate that he recognizes the mistakes he has made during his life.●He also points them out as a means of showing humility.A Summary of “The Arrival in Philadelphia”●At age 17, he secretly leaves home and traveled to New York City. He finds no workthere , but learns that he could get a job in Philadelphia.●His journey to Philadelphia is eventful as he gets caught ina storm, during which hesaved the life of a drunken Dutchman.●The boat dropped him off near Burlington, about 18 miles from Philadelphia.●He finally arrived in the c ity in the Market Street Wharf witha ridiculous appearance.His List of Virtues1. Temperance2. Silence3. Order4. Resolution5. Frugality6. Industry7. Sincerity8. Justice9. Moderation10. Cleanliness11. Tranquility12. Chastity13. HumilityQuestions:●Please comment on Benjamin Franklin and his autobiography.●Why did he write his autobiography?●Why and how did he go to Philadelphia?。
Benjamin Franklin 课件
13 Humility Imitate Jesus and Socrates. (谦虚(qiānxū) 仿效耶稣和苏格拉底。)
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2 Silence Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. (沉默 说话必须对别人或你自己有益(yǒuyì)；要避 免无益的聊天。)
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3 Order Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. (生活秩序 将每一样东西放在它们应该放的地方； 每件日常事务应当有一定的时间(shíjiān)。)
Teaching Procedure:
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I Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a printer, publisher, editor, postmaster, educator, economist, scientist, inventor, musician, man of letters(scholar or author), diplomat and statesman. He didn’t receive much formal education. At the age of 12, he was apprenticed to his brother, a printer, and at 16 took over the editorship of the paper New England Courant. At 17 he moved to Philadelphia and became sole owner of a printing firm.
美国文学史 Benjamin franklin
❖ The autobiography tell us today what life was like in 18th country American.
❖ Franklin’s autobiography is also a reflection of 18th century idealism.
Philade About political advocations
lphia
13 virtues
❖ Temperance 节制 ❖ Silence 缄默 ❖ Order 条例 ❖ Resolution 决心 ❖ Frugality 节俭 ❖ Industry 勤奋 ❖ Sincerity 真诚 ❖ Justice 正义
❖ Moderation 适度 ❖ Cleanliness 整洁 ❖ Tranquility 平静 ❖ Chastity 纯洁 贞操 ❖ Humility 谦逊
Why are we still reading this book over 200 years after it was written?
❖Appeared from 1732—1758 and contained information that typical almanac would contain.
❖Many aphorisms and proverbs. (eg, action speak loud than words)
Benjamin Franklin
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人物简介
他对科学的贡献不仅在静电学方面，他研究范围极广。在数学上，他 创造了8次和16次幻方，这两个幻方性质特殊，变化复杂，至今仍为 学者称道。热学方面，他改良了取暖的炉子，能够节省四分之三的燃 料。光学方面，他发明了老年人用的双焦距眼镜，即能看清楚近处又 能看清楚远处的事物。他先后掌握了法文，意大利文，西班牙文及拉 丁文。他是美国第一位学者，第一位哲学家，第一位驻外大使。他发 明了口琴，摇椅，路灯，避雷针。发现了墨西哥湾的海流。四次当选 宾夕法尼亚州州长。制定了新闻传播法。最先绘制暴风雨推移图。发 现人们呼出气体的有害性。最先解释清楚北极光。被称为近代牙科医 术之父。最先组织了消防厅。创立了美国民主党。创立了近代的邮信 制度。创立了议员的近代选举法。发现了感冒的原因。发明了颗粒肥 料。设计出夏天穿的白色亚麻服装，设计了最早的游泳眼镜和蛙蹼。 此外，他对气象、地质、声学及海洋航行等方面都有研究，并取得了 不少成就。 1790年4月17日夜里11点，富兰克林的溘然逝去。他 的墓碑上刻着“印刷工富兰克林”......
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人物简介
本杰明·富兰克林是美国历史上第一位享有国际声誉的 科学家发明家和音乐家。为了对电进行探索曾经作过著名 的“风筝实验”，在电学上成就显著，为了深入探讨电运 动的规律，创造的许多专用名词如正电、负电、导电体、 电池、充电、放电等成为世界通用的词汇。他借用了数学 上正负的概念，第一个科学地用正电、负电概念表示电荷 性质。并提出了电荷不能创生、也不能消灭的思想，后人 在此基础上发现了电荷守恒定律。他最先提出了避雷针的 设想，由此而制造的避雷针，避免了雷击灾难，破除了人 们对雷电的迷信。 他是一位优秀的政治家，是美国 独立战争的老战士。他参加起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪 法，积极主张废除奴隶制度，深受美国人民的崇敬。他是 美国第一位驻外大使(法国),所以富兰克林及其他的著作 (20张)在世界上也享有较高的声誉。
美国文学——人物介绍 Benjamine Franklin and Thomas Jefferson
Franklin was a rare genius in America and his dentity could be various.
Such as a printer, postmaster, writer, essayist, scientist, orator, statesman, philosopher, politrcal economist, ambassador, parlorman, businessman, patriot, and man of the world. scientist statesman writer
Poor Richard’s Almanac is a self-help book, including useful encouragement, advice, and factual information. This book described the life of a man who was named poor Richard Saunders. Richard was one of common people in America.So he knew the common people and he was willing to give advice in commom-sense witticisms(诙谐语) and maxims. It was intended to appeal to the common man of colonoal America.
And he elaborates on each with a maxim, for example, the temperance maxim is
“Eat not to Dullness. Drink not to Elevation” (食不过饱；饮酒不醉)
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin earned the title of “The First American” for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos （民族精神） as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit （团体精神）, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment.
Franklin gained international renown as a scientist for his famous experiments in electricity and for his many inventions, especially the lightning rod. He played a major role in establishing the University of Pennsylvania and was elected the first president of the American Philosophical Society. Franklin became a national hero in America when he spearheaded the effort to have Parliament repeal the unpopular Stamp Act印花税法案. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations.
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3. Franklin’s style of writing:
simplicity; clarity; directness; conciseness; flexibility
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4. The thirteen virtues Franklin set for himself 1) Temperance: Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation. 2) Silence: Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation. 3) Order: Let all your things have their places; let each part of business have its time.
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10)Cleanness: Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes, or habitation. 11)Tranquility:Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. 12)Chastity:Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another’s peace or reputation. 13)Humility:Imitate Jesus and Socrates (469-399 B. C.).
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One of the preeminent scientists of his day. His research and contributions in the field of electricity led him to be called “the new Prometheus who has stolen fire from heaven” by Kant and to his recognition by the Royal Society of Londent belief that the new world was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and management, and that “one man with tolerable abilities will work great changes and accomplish great affairs among mankind” ; celebrates the fulfillment of the American dream.
美国文学——Benjamin Franklin课件
Benjamin Franklin and The
Autobiography
First of its kind in literature Writing when he was 65 An introduction of his life to his own son Including four parts written in different time Puritanism’s influence, such as self-examination and self-improvement (timetable, thirteen virtues, life style) Enlightenment spirits (man’s nature good, rights of liberty, virtues includes “order〞) Style: simple, clear in order, direct and concise (“Nothing should be expressed in two words that can as well be expressed in one.〞) (Puritanism’s influence) Popular, still well-read today, his values and style influenced lots of Americans
The End
Literary works
Poor Richard’s Almanac?穷查理的年历? Modeled on farmers’ annual calendar; kept publishing for many years; includes many classical sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.〞 The Autobiography:
本杰明·富兰克林PPT美国文学史
+ Franklin wrote many things during his lifetime:
articles for his newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette（宾夕法尼亚公报）, letters about his life (later published as his Autobiography), letters on an amazingly wide range of subjects, including politics, science, libraries, even fire stations. + Sometimes he was humorous, but he always followed his own rule for writing: make it "smooth, clear and short."
品质：
节制（restrained）、沉默(silent)、 秩序(plan)、意志(strong-willed)、 节俭(thrifty)、产出(effective)、诚 恳(sincere)、公平(fair)、中道()整 洁(tidiness)、平静(calm)、洁身 (integrity)、谦逊(modest)
Nation:
1.He developed and improved the postal system , making it run at a profit after years of losses.(邮政系统) . 2.He supported and aided Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence(独立宣言). 3.He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that support for America in the war. 4.He was a delegate to the Convention that wrote the Constitution.
美国早期文学家-U02-Benjamin Franklin
美国文学导读
A Guide to American Literature
Unit 2 Benjamin Franklin
(January 17,1706–April 17,1790)
As the decades passed new generations of American–born writers became important. Boston, Massachusetts, was the birthplace of one such American–born writer. His name was Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a noted polymath (博学的人), a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. He is a brilliant, industrious, and versatile man.
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for his early and indefatigable (不知疲倦的,不屈不挠的,有耐性的) campaigning for colonial unity; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos (民族 精神,气质,社会思潮) as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment ( 启迪 , 启蒙运动 , 教化 ) without its heat." To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become."
美国文学Benjamin_Franklin ppt课件
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The Autobiography(13 virtues ) by B. Franklin
• 1.Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.
• 平静。勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦 恼。
• 12. Chastity（纯洁，贞操）. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.
The Treaty of Peace with England,
The Constitution
founded the first public library, organized the first fire department and the first paid police force, founded a school and a hospiptpat课l.件
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• 3. He favored the education. Self-education, educating and disseminating knowledge among people by his newspaper and Autobiography, establishing learning club, college and library.
(第一讲)Benjamin_Franklinppt课件
ship of Mayflower
roast turkey
❖ The origin of Thanksgiving Day
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New England
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2. American Puritanism
To achieve freedom , prosperity and success through honest hard work.
The ability to rise from rags to riches through hard work.
"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with for each according to ability or achievement“
❖What is Puritan?
The Puritans were originally devout members
of Church of England who advocated highly
religious and moral principle. They wished to
“purify” their religious belief---to clean up the
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❖What is American Puritanism?
❖ Puritanism is the practices and religious beliefs of puritans in America.
Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin
General features types of writing: diaries, histories, journals, letters,
travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons
Content : : serving either God or colonial
expansion or both Form: imitating English literary traditions
★American Puritanism（清g, American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions(迫害）. In content it means scrupulous （小心谨慎） moral rigor（苛刻), especially hostility to social pleasures and indulgences, that is strictness, sternness and austerity（苦行） in conduct and religion.
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Autobiography
《自传》 自传》
Poor Richard’s Almanac 《穷
理查德历书》 理查德历书》
Life and works:
printer, opened his own print shop for 20 years editor, published the Pennsylvania Gazette (newspaper) inventor, lightning rod, Franklin stove, bifocal glasses scientist, made experiment with a kite, proving that lightning was electricity
• 阅读本书，就像与一个伟大心灵对话， 能收获一份人生修养的智慧，完成一次 实现美国梦的奋斗历程和完美道德的精 神之旅。它是一部影响了几代美国人、 历经两百余年经久不衰的励志奇书，它 包含了人生奋斗与成功的真知灼见，以 及诸种善与美的道德真谛，被公认为是 改变了无数人命运的美国精神读本。
Autobiography
Significance:
• It presents a prototype（原型） of American success which inspired generations of Americans. • Popular, still well-read today, his values and style influenced lots of Americans • It is an embodiment of Puritanism and enlightening spirits. • With it he set the form for autobiography as a genre.
• 7. Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. • 诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话 也应诚实。 • 8. Justice. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. • 正直。不做不利他人之事，切勿忘记履 行对人有益的义务而伤害他人。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้utobiography
• The style: it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision( 言简意赅). 言简意赅 The narrative is lucid(易懂 易懂 的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的 朴素的). 朴素的
Poor Richard’s Almanac
a book that is published every year giving information for that year
• kept publishing for many years; • contains a large number of practical sayings about life; • includes many classical sayings:
• America has never forgotten Benjamin Franklin because he did both. • Today, we honor Franklin as one of the Founding Fathers and as one of America’s greatest citizens.
Autobiography
• It is regarded as one of the most important works of American literature produced during the 18th century. • It is a record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born, an account of the colorful career of America's first self-made man.
Excerpts from Franklin's Poor Richard’s Almanac
• “A penny saved is a penny earned.” • “Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” • God helps those who help themselves. • Beware of little expenses: a small leak will leak a great ship. • Eat to live, and not live to eat. • Be slow in choosing a Friend, slower in changing.
★ He appears on the American 100 dollar bill.
politician, public-spirited citizen, prose writer
He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States: The Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Alliance with France, The Treaty of Peace with England, The Constitution
It is a Puritan document -it is a record of selfexamination(自我审视) and self-improvement ( 自我完善)： he believes that God helps those who help themselves and that every calling is a service to God, in order to get on in the world, one has to be industrious, frugal, and prudent.
• 3. Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time. • 秩序。各样东西放在一定地方；各项日常事务 应有一定的处理时间。 • 4. Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve. • 决断。事情当做必做；既做则坚持到底。
Autobiography •
It is an elucidation (阐述 阐述 )of the fact that Franklin was spokesman for enlightenment: • he represents American idea--- man is basically good and free by nature, endowed by God with certain inalienable(不可剥夺的 不可剥夺的) 不可剥夺的 rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
The Representative of American Enlightenment:
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
• If you would not be forgotten , as soon as you are dead & rotten, either write things worth reading, or do things worth writing. --B. Franklin
• 11.Tranquility.Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. • 平静。勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦 恼。 • 12. Chastity（纯洁，贞操）. Rarely use venery （纯洁，贞操） but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation. • 节欲。切戒房事过度，勿伤害身体或有损自己 或他人的安宁或名誉。 • 13.Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates. • 谦逊。效法耶稣和苏格拉底。
• 5. Frugality（节俭）. Make no expense but to （节俭） do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing. • 节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。 • 6. Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions. • 勤勉。不浪费时间；每时每刻做有用之事，戒 除一切不必要的行动。